Mechanistic Aspects and Effects of Selected Tank-Mix Partners on Herbicidal Activity of a Novel Fatty Acid Ester
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Species and Biological Test Conditions
2.2. Experimental Design of the Phytotron Trials
2.2.1. Herbicidal Compound and Tank-Mix Partners Tested
2.2.2. Interaction of the Hasten Concentration and the PA-MPEG Rate and Spray Volume
2.2.3. Phytotoxicity of Spray Tank Partners after Spraying and Single Droplet Application
2.3. Laboratory Experiments
2.3.1. Cuticular Penetration
2.3.2. Characterization of Spray Deposits on Glass Slides
2.3.3. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
2.3.4. Cuticular Transpiration
2.3.5. Stomatal Conductance
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. PA-MPEG Herbicidal Activity Affected by the Test Compounds Added to the Spray Tank
3.2. Phytotoxicity of 1-Decanol and Hasten
3.3. Concentration Dependence of the Adjuvant Effect on PA-MPEG Herbicidal Activity
3.4. Pelargonic Acid and PA-MPEG Cuticular Penetration
3.5. Characterization of Spray Deposits on Glass Slides
3.6. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
3.7. The Mechanistic Aspects and High Use Rates of PA-MPEG and PA
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Test Compounds | Description | Use Rate (% v/v) 1 | pH Spray Mixture 2 |
---|---|---|---|
Phosphoric acid | Solution–85 wt. % in H2O. | 0.60 | 1.9 |
D-glucose | 97.5% purity. | 1.00 | 5.8 |
Potassium carbonate | 99.0% purity. | 1.00 | 10.3 |
1-decanol | 99.0% purity. | 1.00 | 6.1 |
Synergen® TS 7 3 | Blend of docusate sodium and ethoxylated fatty alcohol (sum 100%). | 0.15 | 5.8 |
Polyglykol 400 3 | Polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a molar weight of 400. | 1.50 | 5.9 |
Genapol® C 050 3 | Coconut fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 5 EO. | 1.00 | 5.8 |
HastenTM4 | Emulsifiable concentrate of esterified vegetable oil and non-ionic surfactants. | 2.50 | 6.1 |
Rate | Description |
---|---|
1 | No damage |
2 | Slight symptoms (discoloration of tissue) |
3 | Slight necrotic spots |
4 | Strong symptoms (Complete necrosis) |
Test Compound | Concentration (%) 1 | Weed Control (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
D. sanguinalis | S. nigrum | ||
None | 29 d * | 50 bc * | |
1-Decanol | 1.00 | 43 a | 74 a |
Phosphoric acid | 0.63 | 33 cd | 59 b |
D-Glucose | 1.00 | 29 d | 47 c |
Potassium Carbonate | 1.00 | 30 cd | 48 c |
Genapol C 050 | 1.00 | 31 cd | 52 bc |
Polyglycol 400 | 1.50 | 31 cd | 53 bc |
Synergen TS 7 | 0.15 | 36 bc | 58 b |
Hasten | 2.50 | 39 ab | 68 a |
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Campos, J.; Bodelon, L.; Verdeguer, M.; Baur, P. Mechanistic Aspects and Effects of Selected Tank-Mix Partners on Herbicidal Activity of a Novel Fatty Acid Ester. Plants 2022, 11, 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030279
Campos J, Bodelon L, Verdeguer M, Baur P. Mechanistic Aspects and Effects of Selected Tank-Mix Partners on Herbicidal Activity of a Novel Fatty Acid Ester. Plants. 2022; 11(3):279. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030279
Chicago/Turabian StyleCampos, Javier, Luciana Bodelon, Mercedes Verdeguer, and Peter Baur. 2022. "Mechanistic Aspects and Effects of Selected Tank-Mix Partners on Herbicidal Activity of a Novel Fatty Acid Ester" Plants 11, no. 3: 279. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030279