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Volume 12
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10.3390/plants12030604
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Article

Natural Bioactive Substances in Fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott Exposed to Combined Light-Type, Chitosan Oligosaccharide, and Spent Mushroom Residue Treatments

by
Yadong Duan
1,2,3,†,
Xin Wei
4,†,
Wenbo Zhao
1,
Jinxia Li
2,3,5,
Guang Yang
1,
Shuang Zhou
1,
Chunwei Zhou
1,
Lei Zhang
1,
Pengju Li
1,
Shuai Hou
1,
Deshan Shi
6,
Cheng Liu
4,* and
Baitao Guo
1,*
1
Institute of Rural Revitalization Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150028, China
2
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China
3
Huma Cold Temperate Zone Experimental Station of Conservation and Utilization of Wild Plant Germplasm Resources, Huma 165000, China
4
Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Yingkou 115009, China
5
College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
6
Heilongjiang Greater Khingan Mountains Region Agriculture Forestry Research Institute, Jagedaqi 022450, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to the work.
Plants 2023, 12(3), 604; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030604
Submission received: 6 January 2023 / Revised: 26 January 2023 / Accepted: 27 January 2023 / Published: 30 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Resources of Berry and Medicinal Plants Volume II)
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Abstract

Greenhouse culture is a practical approach to obtain non-wood forest products from berry fruit at a higher efficacy than resource silviculture in natural understory. In this study, three-year old black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott 1821) seedlings were transplanted to a greenhouse where sunlight was complemented by red- (69.4% red, 30.2% green, 0.4% blue) and blue-color (15.3% red, 64.9% green, 19.8% blue) light-emitting diode (LED) illuminations. Half of the planting soils were amended by spent mushroom residue (SMR) (not amendment as the control) and half the seedlings were sprayed by chitosan oligosaccharide (CO) on leaves. All treatments can increase seedling height, but only blue light reinforces the basal diameter growth. Compared to sunlight, exposure to blue light can promote leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, superoxide dismutase activity, and fruit proanthocyanidin content. The combination with CO addition will further increase chlorophyl a content, acid phosphatase activity, and total phenolics in fruit. SMR amended can induce the steady state uptake of nutrients but failed to impact fruit quality. Overall, we recommend the combination of blue light LED illumination plus CO addition to culture black chokeberry for the purpose to gain natural bioactive compounds.
Keywords: black chokeberry; nature-based solution; non-wood forest product; spent mushroom residue; chitosan oligosaccharide black chokeberry; nature-based solution; non-wood forest product; spent mushroom residue; chitosan oligosaccharide

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Duan, Y.; Wei, X.; Zhao, W.; Li, J.; Yang, G.; Zhou, S.; Zhou, C.; Zhang, L.; Li, P.; Hou, S.; et al. Natural Bioactive Substances in Fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott Exposed to Combined Light-Type, Chitosan Oligosaccharide, and Spent Mushroom Residue Treatments. Plants 2023, 12, 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030604

AMA Style

Duan Y, Wei X, Zhao W, Li J, Yang G, Zhou S, Zhou C, Zhang L, Li P, Hou S, et al. Natural Bioactive Substances in Fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott Exposed to Combined Light-Type, Chitosan Oligosaccharide, and Spent Mushroom Residue Treatments. Plants. 2023; 12(3):604. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030604

Chicago/Turabian Style

Duan, Yadong, Xin Wei, Wenbo Zhao, Jinxia Li, Guang Yang, Shuang Zhou, Chunwei Zhou, Lei Zhang, Pengju Li, Shuai Hou, and et al. 2023. "Natural Bioactive Substances in Fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott Exposed to Combined Light-Type, Chitosan Oligosaccharide, and Spent Mushroom Residue Treatments" Plants 12, no. 3: 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030604

APA Style

Duan, Y., Wei, X., Zhao, W., Li, J., Yang, G., Zhou, S., Zhou, C., Zhang, L., Li, P., Hou, S., Shi, D., Liu, C., & Guo, B. (2023). Natural Bioactive Substances in Fruits of Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott Exposed to Combined Light-Type, Chitosan Oligosaccharide, and Spent Mushroom Residue Treatments. Plants, 12(3), 604. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030604

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