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Open AccessArticle
Variation in the Floral Morphology of Prosthechea karwinskii (Orchidaceae), a Mexican Endemic Orchid at Risk
by
María Hipólita Santos-Escamilla
María Hipólita Santos-Escamilla 1,
Gabriela Cruz-Lustre
Gabriela Cruz-Lustre 2,*,
Manuel Cuéllar-Martínez
Manuel Cuéllar-Martínez 3,
Luicita Lagunez-Rivera
Luicita Lagunez-Rivera 4 and
Rodolfo Solano
Rodolfo Solano
Rodolfo Solano-Gómez is a biologist and holds a Ph.D. in Ecology from the Universidad Nacional de a [...]
Rodolfo Solano-Gómez is a biologist and holds a Ph.D. in Ecology from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. He is currently a full-time professor at the Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigacion para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Oaxaca campus, of the Instituto Politecnico Nacional, where he engages in teaching and research activities. His research interests include the systematics, ethnobotany, and conservation of Mexican orchids. He has a special interest in the taxonomy of orchids of the subtribe Pleurothallidinae, documenting traditional knowledge associated with orchids that persist in rural communities in Mexico, validating the uses and medicinal properties of some of their species, and the trade of orchids in traditional markets with a socio-ecological systems approach. He has supervised undergraduate and graduate students' thesis projects. He is a member of the Botanical Society of Mexico, the Mexican Orchidology Association, and the Society for Economic Botany.
3,*
1
Instituto Tecnológico del Valle de Oaxaca, Ex Hacienda Nazareno, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán 71233, Oaxaca, Mexico
2
Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, Belo Horizonte 31270-910, MG, Brazil
3
Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán 71230, Oaxaca, Mexico
4
Laboratorio de Extracción y Análisis de Productos Naturales Vegetales, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional Unidad Oaxaca, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán 71230, Oaxaca, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2024, 13(14), 1984; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13141984 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 25 June 2024
/
Revised: 12 July 2024
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Accepted: 18 July 2024
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Published: 20 July 2024
Abstract
Prosthechea karwinskii is an orchid endemic to Mexico, threatened by the destruction of its habitat and the extraction of specimens to meet its demand for ornamental and religious use. Most of its populations, including the most locally abundant ones, are found in Oaxaca state. Variations in some floral traits have been observed in these populations. We implemented a morphometric analysis to assess their floral variation and identify the most significant characters in the morphological patterns of this orchid. Floral samples were collected from 17 populations of P. karwinskii in Oaxaca, as well as from specimens used as ornaments during Easter in an Oaxacan community (Zaachila), whose origin is unknown. Sampling of natural populations covered the environmental, geographic, and morphological variation of the species. We performed an analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA), canonical variate analysis (CVA), and cluster analysis, including 185 individuals and 45 variables (12 of them were discarded in the multivariate analyses due to high correlation). Characters of the column, lateral sepal, and labellum were most informative for the observed morphological patterns. Albarradas showed the greatest morphological differentiation, mainly due to the column. In general, individuals from the same locality tended to overlap more, especially the populations of Jaltianguis and Yahuiche, which were different from the geographically close population of Etla. Teposcolula presented the highest values in perianth characters, unlike Sola_Rancho Viejo. The specimens recovered from religious ornaments were morphologically more similar to those from Yanhuitlan and Etla. This morphometric analysis identified characters as potential taxonomic markers for P. karwinskii and related species, showing its potential to associate specimens of unknown origin with their probable geographical region. Our work encourages working on collaborative conservation strategies to ensure the long-term permanence of both the species and its traditional uses.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Santos-Escamilla, M.H.; Cruz-Lustre, G.; Cuéllar-Martínez, M.; Lagunez-Rivera, L.; Solano, R.
Variation in the Floral Morphology of Prosthechea karwinskii (Orchidaceae), a Mexican Endemic Orchid at Risk. Plants 2024, 13, 1984.
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13141984
AMA Style
Santos-Escamilla MH, Cruz-Lustre G, Cuéllar-Martínez M, Lagunez-Rivera L, Solano R.
Variation in the Floral Morphology of Prosthechea karwinskii (Orchidaceae), a Mexican Endemic Orchid at Risk. Plants. 2024; 13(14):1984.
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13141984
Chicago/Turabian Style
Santos-Escamilla, María Hipólita, Gabriela Cruz-Lustre, Manuel Cuéllar-Martínez, Luicita Lagunez-Rivera, and Rodolfo Solano.
2024. "Variation in the Floral Morphology of Prosthechea karwinskii (Orchidaceae), a Mexican Endemic Orchid at Risk" Plants 13, no. 14: 1984.
https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13141984
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