Reducing Phosphorus Loss in Short-Cycle Horticultural Production Using Activated Aluminum-Amended Substrates and Modified Fertigation Practices
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Plant Growth and Biomass
2.2. Container Leachate
2.2.1. Leachate Volume
2.2.2. pH and Electrical Conductivity
2.2.3. Phosphorus Leachate
2.2.4. Potassium Leachate
2.2.5. Micronutrients (Calcium, Chlorine, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Sodium, and Sulfur)
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Substrates and Leachate Collection
4.2. Plants
4.3. Irrigation
4.4. Fertigation
4.5. Sample Collection
4.6. Growth and Quality of Marigolds
4.7. Experimental Design
4.8. Data Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total Load (mg) of Elements Recovered in Leachate over Six Weeks | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Substrate/Fertilizer | AA0 | AA2 | AA4 | AA6 | PL0 | PL2 | PL4 | PL6 |
Element: | ||||||||
Calcium | 94.4 (±14.5) | 84.4 (±7.57) | 89.7 (±12.1) | 86.3 (±5.42) | 103.3 (±5.83) | 87.7 (±5.29) | 87.2 (±10.2) | 109.6 (±6.22) |
Chlorine | 113.9 (±8.61) | 110.6 (±6.44) | 112.6 (±3.44) | 107.1 (±5.36) | 112.9 (±2.50) | 97.8 (±2.59) | 95.2 (±4.31) | 102.5 (±4.63) |
Iron | 0.66 (±0.08) C | 0.63 (±0.04) C | 0.66 (±0.07) BC | 0.68 (±0.04) BC | 1.11 (±0.06) A | 0.93 (±0.04) AB | 0.88 (±0.06) ABC | 0.89 (±0.06) ABC |
Magnesium | 32.5 (±4.95) | 30.8 (±2.02) | 29.0 (±2.56) | 33.2 (±2.46) | 37.3 (±0.77) | 33.8 (±3.08) | 33.9 (±4.28) | 32.4 (±1.52) |
Manganese | 0.015 (±0.004) | 0.012 (±0.003) | 0.009 (±0.001) | 0.005 (±0.001) | 0.014 (±0.002) | 0.009 (±0.001) | 0.010 (±0.004) | 0.007 (±0.001) |
Phosphorus | 0.68 (±0.16) C | 2.20 (±0.10) C | 2.68 (±0.39) C | 3.20 (±0.70) C | 20.8 (±0.92) B | 26.2 (±1.10) A | 30.0 (±1.79) A | 30.6 (±1.44) A |
Potassium | 238.4 (±32.1) | 225.1 (±12.3) | 212.7 (±16.2) | 234.9 (±15.1) | 211.8 (±6.04) | 188.0 (±8.55) | 194.8 (±17.5) | 187.0 (±3.77) |
Sodium | 412.3 (±25.7) AB | 429.9 (±27.4) AB | 451.6 (±9.60) A | 397.1 (±10.7) AB | 367.2 (±11.1) B | 371.7 (±9.58) B | 374.3 (±17.1) AB | 380.6 (±13.7) AB |
Sulfur | 283.0 (±39.7) | 290.5 (±15.1) | 285.1 (±13.8) | 299.4 (±14.7) | 247.1 (±4.15) | 218.6 (±18.7) | 213.6 (±21.3) | 219.1 (±5.14) |
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Abdi, D.E.; Beasley, J.; Fields, J. Reducing Phosphorus Loss in Short-Cycle Horticultural Production Using Activated Aluminum-Amended Substrates and Modified Fertigation Practices. Plants 2024, 13, 2473. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172473
Abdi DE, Beasley J, Fields J. Reducing Phosphorus Loss in Short-Cycle Horticultural Production Using Activated Aluminum-Amended Substrates and Modified Fertigation Practices. Plants. 2024; 13(17):2473. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172473
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdi, Damon Edward, Jeffrey Beasley, and Jeb Fields. 2024. "Reducing Phosphorus Loss in Short-Cycle Horticultural Production Using Activated Aluminum-Amended Substrates and Modified Fertigation Practices" Plants 13, no. 17: 2473. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13172473