Stability Analysis and Identification of Superior Hybrids in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Using the Multi Trait Stability Index
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. ANOVA and Mean Performance
2.2. GEI Analysis
2.3. AMMI Biplot
2.4. Correlations among Traits over Environments
2.5. GGE Biplots
2.5.1. Which-Won-Where and What?
2.5.2. Mean Seed Yield vs. Stability
2.5.3. Discriminativeness vs. Representativeness
2.5.4. Y × WAAS Biplot
2.6. Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI)
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Field Trials
3.2. Experimental Design and Package of Practices
3.3. Trait Phenotyping
3.4. Analysis of Variance
3.5. GEI Analysis
3.5.1. AMMI Analysis
3.5.2. GGE Biplots
3.6. Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI)
3.7. Statistical Packages
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source of Variation | Environment (E) (df: 5) | Genotype (G) (df: 20) | GEI (df: 100) | Residual (df: 240) | CV (%) | Mean over Environments | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trait | Mean Squares | % (G + E + GEI) | Mean Squares | % (G + E + GEI) | Mean Squares | % (G + E + GEI) | Mean Squares | ||
DF | 1719.09 ** | 74.88 | 78.24 ** | 13.63 | 13.18 ** | 11.48 | 1.96 | 2.52 | 55.49 |
DM | 3062.49 ** | 86.56 | 58.86 ** | 6.66 | 11.99 ** | 6.78 | 1.62 | 1.46 | 87.42 |
PH | 27,729.09 ** | 69.32 | 1656.50 ** | 16.56 | 282.34 ** | 14.12 | 48.01 | 3.59 | 193.04 |
PTPP | 27.35 ** | 80.31 | 0.47 ** | 5.6 | 0.24 | 14.09 | 0.21 | 21.48 | 2.17 |
PL | 87.49 ** | 19.47 | 54.80 ** | 48.79 | 7.12 ** | 31.73 | 1.20 | 4.06 | 26.92 |
PD | 1.92 ** | 32.65 | 0.57 ** | 38.8 | 0.08 ** | 28.54 | 0.02 | 4.45 | 3.27 |
TSW | 348.59 ** | 86.64 | 6.93 ** | 6.89 | 1.30 ** | 6.47 | 0.22 | 4.84 | 9.71 |
PP | 121,726.20 ** | 96.04 | 264.28 | 0.83 | 198.29 | 3.13 | 173.38 | 7.18 | 183.26 |
SS% | 12,733.15 ** | 49.54 | 1638.85 ** | 25.5 | 320.76 ** | 24.96 | 85.02 | 12.22 | 75.36 |
GY | 96.51 ** | 69.19 | 3.27 ** | 9.39 | 1.49 ** | 21.42 | 0.34 | 10.40 | 5.64 |
DFY | 1486.61 ** | 87.51 | 12.79 ** | 3.01 | 8.05 ** | 9.48 | 1.14 | 8.07 | 13.24 |
Fe | 14,388.46 ** | 74.38 | 582.83 ** | 12.05 | 131.30 ** | 13.57 | 48.87 | 12.99 | 53.80 |
Zn | 10,402.73 ** | 92.41 | 50.18 ** | 1.78 | 32.67 ** | 5.81 | 15.22 | 12.21 | 31.93 |
Source of Variation | PC1 (df: 24) | PC2 (df: 22) | PC3 (df: 20) | PC4 (df: 18) | PC5 (df: 16) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Trait | Mean Square | Contribution (%) | Mean Square | Contribution (%) | Mean Square | Contribution (%) | Mean Square | Contribution (%) | Mean Square | Contribution (%) |
DF | 28.49 ** | 51.90 | 15.84 ** | 26.40 | 8.53 ** | 13.00 | 3.92 * | 5.40 | 2.76 | 3.40 |
DM | 23.25 ** | 46.50 | 14.92 ** | 27.40 | 7.91 ** | 13.20 | 5.33 ** | 8.00 | 3.67 ** | 4.90 |
PH | 482.53 ** | 41.00 | 314.55 ** | 24.50 | 294.52 ** | 20.90 | 128.43 ** | 8.20 | 95.69 * | 5.40 |
PL | 9.83 ** | 33.10 | 9.32 ** | 28.80 | 7.40 ** | 20.80 | 4.85 ** | 12.30 | 2.25 * | 5.10 |
PD | 0.13 ** | 39.00 | 0.10 ** | 28.30 | 0.07 ** | 17.90 | 0.04 ** | 9.60 | 0.02 | 5.20 |
TSW | 2.43 ** | 45.00 | 1.66 ** | 28.20 | 0.82 ** | 12.70 | 0.68 ** | 9.40 | 0.38 * | 4.70 |
SS% | 694.38 ** | 52.00 | 316.93 ** | 21.70 | 258.18 ** | 16.10 | 135.73 | 7.60 | 51.99 | 2.60 |
GY | 3.43 ** | 55.10 | 1.48 ** | 21.90 | 1.01 ** | 13.60 | 0.52 | 6.30 | 0.29 | 3.10 |
DFY | 17.42 ** | 51.90 | 9.96 ** | 27.20 | 3.50 ** | 8.70 | 3.18 ** | 7.10 | 2.53 ** | 5.00 |
Fe | 244.57 ** | 44.70 | 179.59 ** | 30.10 | 97.33 ** | 14.80 | 52.27 | 7.20 | 26.34 | 3.20 |
Zn | 52.37 ** | 38.50 | 42.05 ** | 28.30 | 28.68 * | 17.60 | 24.24 | 13.40 | 4.71 | 2.30 |
Hybrid | Mean over Environment | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC4 | PC5 | WAAS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SHT 101 | 5.285 | 0.068 | 0.128 | −0.394 | −0.496 | −0.562 | 0.132 |
SHT 102 | 5.897 | 0.034 | 0.315 | 0.187 | −0.028 | 0.084 | 0.125 |
SHT 103 | 5.893 | −0.309 | −0.192 | 0.049 | 0.336 | −0.352 | 0.242 |
SHT 104 | 5.559 | 0.472 | −0.158 | −0.217 | −0.339 | −0.089 | 0.358 |
SHT 105 | 6.065 | 0.611 | 0.099 | −0.259 | 0.404 | 0.153 | 0.434 |
SHT 106 | 6.192 | 0.310 | −0.447 | 0.393 | 0.144 | −0.071 | 0.356 |
SHT 107 | 5.859 | 0.609 | 0.582 | 0.483 | −0.072 | −0.039 | 0.583 |
SHT 108 | 6.182 | 0.022 | 0.702 | 0.068 | −0.290 | 0.267 | 0.193 |
SHT 109 | 6.103 | 0.113 | −0.501 | −0.251 | −0.263 | 0.258 | 0.228 |
SHT 110 | 6.146 | 0.685 | 0.611 | 0.128 | 0.101 | 0.016 | 0.584 |
SHT 111 | 5.606 | 0.029 | −0.433 | −0.522 | 0.060 | 0.006 | 0.201 |
SHT 112 | 5.408 | −0.605 | −0.211 | −0.009 | 0.377 | 0.069 | 0.421 |
SHT 113 | 4.974 | −0.239 | −0.045 | −0.005 | −0.491 | −0.164 | 0.157 |
SHT 114 | 5.335 | −0.077 | −0.143 | 0.551 | 0.407 | 0.118 | 0.164 |
SHT 115 | 5.764 | 1.178 | −0.320 | −0.388 | 0.130 | 0.191 | 0.852 |
SHT 116 | 5.419 | −0.322 | 0.155 | −0.298 | 0.419 | −0.229 | 0.278 |
SHT 117 | 5.337 | −0.352 | −0.087 | 0.771 | −0.300 | 0.127 | 0.351 |
SHT 118 | 4.589 | −0.211 | −0.901 | 0.353 | −0.236 | 0.075 | 0.399 |
SHT 119 | 5.296 | −0.984 | 0.324 | −0.527 | −0.115 | 0.600 | 0.756 |
SHT 120 | 5.595 | −0.512 | 0.166 | −0.021 | 0.058 | −0.231 | 0.355 |
SHT 121 | 5.966 | −0.520 | 0.355 | −0.092 | 0.191 | −0.230 | 0.416 |
E1 | 5.242 | −0.185 | 0.769 | −0.393 | −0.625 | 0.677 | 0.357 |
E2 | 7.110 | 0.675 | −0.132 | 1.365 | 0.003 | 0.175 | 0.647 |
E3 | 6.695 | 0.055 | 1.038 | −0.195 | 0.895 | −0.221 | 0.313 |
E4 | 6.208 | 0.245 | 0.082 | −0.150 | −0.695 | −0.819 | 0.192 |
E5 | 3.912 | −1.874 | −0.696 | 0.090 | 0.153 | −0.006 | 1.321 |
E6 | 4.681 | 1.084 | −1.061 | −0.717 | 0.269 | 0.193 | 1.023 |
Traits | FA1 | FA2 | FA3 | FA4 | Communality | Uniqueness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DF | −0.888 | −0.007 | 0.152 | 0.039 | 0.813 | 0.187 |
DM | −0.952 | 0.164 | −0.001 | 0.007 | 0.933 | 0.067 |
PH | −0.401 | −0.481 | 0.001 | −0.563 | 0.709 | 0.291 |
PL | −0.229 | −0.682 | 0.131 | −0.033 | 0.536 | 0.464 |
PD | 0.099 | −0.011 | −0.098 | −0.840 | 0.725 | 0.275 |
TSW | −0.154 | −0.043 | −0.903 | −0.130 | 0.857 | 0.143 |
SS% | 0.161 | −0.749 | 0.155 | −0.331 | 0.721 | 0.279 |
GY | −0.385 | −0.283 | 0.584 | −0.156 | 0.593 | 0.407 |
DFY | −0.721 | −0.286 | −0.099 | −0.440 | 0.804 | 0.196 |
Fe | 0.369 | −0.716 | −0.398 | 0.216 | 0.855 | 0.145 |
Zn | 0.300 | 0.114 | −0.544 | 0.701 | 0.891 | 0.109 |
Eigen value | 3.61 | 2.16 | 1.53 | 1.13 | 0.767 a | |
Variance (%) | 32.81 | 19.63 | 13.92 | 10.32 | ||
Accumulated (%) | 32.81 | 52.45 | 66.37 | 76.69 |
Traits | Factor | Mean Performance | WAASBY | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall (Xo) | Selected Genotype (Xs) | SD (%) | Overall (X0) | Selected Genotype (Xs) | SD (%) | ||
DF | FA 1 | 55.492 | 54.333 | −1.159 | 0.498 | 0.297 | −0.202 |
DM | FA 1 | 87.423 | 86.444 | −0.979 | 0.532 | 0.295 | −0.237 |
DFY | FA 1 | 13.239 | 13.812 | 0.573 | 0.495 | 0.436 | −0.059 |
PL | FA 2 | 26.96 | 27.556 | 0.595 | 0.458 | 0.489 | 0.03 |
SS% | FA 2 | 75.399 | 76.852 | 1.452 | 1.099 | 1.054 | −0.045 |
Fe | FA 2 | 53.82 | 51.556 | −2.265 | 0.882 | 0.581 | −0.301 |
TSW | FA 3 | 9.706 | 10.346 | 0.64 | 0.304 | 0.169 | −0.134 |
GY | FA 3 | 5.641 | 5.782 | 0.14 | 0.312 | 0.298 | −0.014 |
PH | FA 4 | 193.042 | 195.648 | 2.606 | 1.073 | 0.461 | −0.612 |
PD | FA 4 | 3.269 | 3.183 | −0.086 | 0.138 | 0.108 | −0.030 |
Zn | FA 4 | 31.955 | 31.407 | −0.548 | 0.559 | 0.463 | −0.097 |
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Khandelwal, V.; Patel, R.; Choudhary, K.B.; Pawar, S.B.; Patel, M.S.; Iyanar, K.; Mungra, K.D.; Kumar, S.; Satyavathi, C.T. Stability Analysis and Identification of Superior Hybrids in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Using the Multi Trait Stability Index. Plants 2024, 13, 1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13081101
Khandelwal V, Patel R, Choudhary KB, Pawar SB, Patel MS, Iyanar K, Mungra KD, Kumar S, Satyavathi CT. Stability Analysis and Identification of Superior Hybrids in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Using the Multi Trait Stability Index. Plants. 2024; 13(8):1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13081101
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhandelwal, Vikas, Rumit Patel, Khushwant B. Choudhary, S. B. Pawar, M. S. Patel, K. Iyanar, K. D. Mungra, Sushil Kumar, and C. Tara Satyavathi. 2024. "Stability Analysis and Identification of Superior Hybrids in Pearl Millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] Using the Multi Trait Stability Index" Plants 13, no. 8: 1101. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13081101