Changes in Growth and Heavy Metal and Phenolic Compound Accumulation in Buddleja cordata Cell Suspension Culture under Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn Enrichment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Tolerance and Accumulation of HMs in a B. cordata Cell Suspension Culture Grown in a Culture Medium Enriched with Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn
2.2. Total Phenolic and Verbascoside Content Changes in the B. cordata Cell Suspension Culture Grown in a Culture Medium Enriched with Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Suspension Culture
4.2. HM Bioassays
4.3. Determination of the HM Content in Cells
4.4. Effect of HM on the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Heavy Metal Treatment (mM) | Growth | Culture Medium | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cell Viability (%) | Growth Index | pH | Total Sugar Content (g L−1) | |
Copper | ||||
Control (0.00005) | 81.33 ± 1.58 a | 6.46 ± 0.88 a | 6.38 ± 0.05 b | 5.57 ± 0.40 b |
0.03 | 77.00 ± 3.54 a | 6.43 ± 0.27 a | 6.44 ± 0.05 b | 5.21 ± 0.72 b |
0.06 | 73.25 ± 0.65 b | 6.11 ± 0.58 a | 6.66 ± 0.02 a | 4.34 ± 0.61 b |
0.10 | 72.40 ± 1.15 b | 6.23 ± 0.15 a | 6.63 ± 0.10 a | 4.44 ± 0.54 b |
0.25 | 20.50 ± 0.78 c | 0.21 ± 0.01 b | 4.22 ± 0.03 c | 28.13 ± 1.11 a |
Iron | ||||
Control (0.05) | 81.33 ± 1.58 a | 6.46 ± 0.88 a | 6.38 ± 0.05 a,b | 5.57 ± 0.40 c |
0.25 | 75.97 ± 2.10 b | 5.97 ± 0.24 a | 6.64 ± 0.05 a | 3.91 ± 0.15 c |
0.50 | 71.94 ± 1.82 b | 5.77 ± 0.18 a | 6.55 ± 0.10 a | 5.94 ± 0.02 c |
1.00 | 66.99 ± 0.84 c | 3.29 ± 0.14 b | 5.69 ± 0.01 c | 16.22 ± 2.01 b |
1.50 | 12.86 ± 1.26 c | 0.44 ± 0.02 c | 4.43 ± 0.01 d | 27.56 ± 0.40 a |
Manganese | ||||
Control (0.05) | 81.33 ± 1.58 a | 6.46 ± 0.88 a | 6.38 ± 0.05 a | 5.57 ± 0.40 b |
0.50 | 78.41 ± 1.85 a | 6.48 ± 0.19 a | 6.49 ± 0.04 a | 1.71 ± 0.22 c |
1.00 | 67.71 ± 2.53 b | 6.38 ± 0.09 a | 6.42 ± 0.09 a | 1.58 ± 0.29 c |
2.00 | 66.75 ± 2.25 b | 6.17 ± 0.01 a | 6.26 ± 0.04 b | 1.38 ± 0.33 c |
3.00 | 10.34 ± 0.25 c | 0.34 ± 0.04 b | 4.11 ± 0.04 b | 27.88 ± 1.26 a |
Zinc | ||||
Control (0.015) | 81.33 ± 1.58 a | 6.46 ± 0.88 a | 6.38 ± 0.05 a | 5.57 ± 0.40 d |
0.50 | 72.32 ± 2.44 b | 6.22 ± 0.35 a | 6.37 ± 0.06 a | 4.34 ± 0.46 d |
1.00 | 70.77 ± 1.83 b | 5.99 ± 0.13 a,b | 5.84 ± 0.06 b | 13.04 ± 1.79 c |
1.25 | 54.56 ± 0.41 c | 5.46 ± 0.41 a,b | 5.22 ± 0.03 c | 17.70 ± 0.80 b |
1.50 | 26.06 ± 1.40 d | 4.36 ± 0.24 b | 4.98 ± 0.04 d | 24.35 ± 1.66 a |
2.00 | 12.20 ± 2.54 e | 0.24 ± 0.02 c | 4.34 ± 0.02 e | 28.31 ± 2.48 a |
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Vazquez-Marquez, A.M.; Bernabé-Antonio, A.; Correa-Basurto, J.; Burrola-Aguilar, C.; Zepeda-Gómez, C.; Cruz-Sosa, F.; Nieto-Trujillo, A.; Estrada-Zúñiga, M.E. Changes in Growth and Heavy Metal and Phenolic Compound Accumulation in Buddleja cordata Cell Suspension Culture under Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn Enrichment. Plants 2024, 13, 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13081147
Vazquez-Marquez AM, Bernabé-Antonio A, Correa-Basurto J, Burrola-Aguilar C, Zepeda-Gómez C, Cruz-Sosa F, Nieto-Trujillo A, Estrada-Zúñiga ME. Changes in Growth and Heavy Metal and Phenolic Compound Accumulation in Buddleja cordata Cell Suspension Culture under Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn Enrichment. Plants. 2024; 13(8):1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13081147
Chicago/Turabian StyleVazquez-Marquez, Alicia Monserrat, Antonio Bernabé-Antonio, José Correa-Basurto, Cristina Burrola-Aguilar, Carmen Zepeda-Gómez, Francisco Cruz-Sosa, Aurelio Nieto-Trujillo, and María Elena Estrada-Zúñiga. 2024. "Changes in Growth and Heavy Metal and Phenolic Compound Accumulation in Buddleja cordata Cell Suspension Culture under Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn Enrichment" Plants 13, no. 8: 1147. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13081147