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Volume 14
Issue 16
10.3390/plants14162591
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Article

Stress Responses to Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydric Stress-Related Acoustic Emissions (MHAF) in Capsicum annuum L. Applied in a Single or Combined Manner

by
Pablo L. Godínez-Mendoza
1,
Amanda K. Rico-Chávez
2,
Ireri A. Carbajal-Valenzuela
1,
Luis M. Contreras-Medina
1,
Rosalía V. Ocampo-Velázquez
1,
Enrique Rico-García
1,
Irineo Torres-Pacheco
1 and
Ramón G. Guevara-González
1,*
1
Center of Applied Research in Biosystems (CARB-CIAB), School of Engineering, Autonomous University of Querétaro-Campus Amazcala, Carr. Amazcala-Chichimequillas Km 1.0, El Marqués 76265, Querétaro, Mexico
2
Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Campus Centro Universitario, Cerro de las Campanas, s/n, Queretaro 76010, Querétaro, Mexico
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Plants 2025, 14(16), 2591; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14162591
Submission received: 17 July 2025 / Revised: 19 August 2025 / Accepted: 19 August 2025 / Published: 20 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Approaches to the Stress Response in Plants)
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Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) application in several plant species has been widely studied as a plant biostimulant; however, the use of acoustic emissions related to hydric stress (MHAF) in biostimulating plants has not been widely studied, including the response of plants to the interaction of different stress factors. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the stress response in some morphological, biochemical, and molecular variables of the single or combined application of H2O2 and MHAF in C. annuum L. plants. Acoustic emission frequencies were obtained in a previous study where the frequencies came from C. annuum plants submitted to medium hydric stress (MHAF). Our results showed that the combination of the two stressors evaluated has a possible synergistic effect on variables such as SOD activity and relative gene expressions of ros1, met1, and MAPkinases (mkk5, mpk4-1, mpk6-2), as well as an antagonistic effect for flavonoid content, DPPH, and ABTS free radical inhibition, and def1 gene expression. MHAF showed increased plant height, PAL activity, and mpk6-1 and erf1 gene upregulation, while H2O2 increased POD activity and upregulated pr1a gene. These findings suggest possible stress response pathways that are activated and enhanced by the presence of these stress factors, both individually and in conjunction with one another, making it possible to use them as novel strategies for agricultural stress management.
Keywords: acoustic emissions; Capsicum annuum; hydrogen peroxide; MAPkinases; stress acoustic emissions; Capsicum annuum; hydrogen peroxide; MAPkinases; stress
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MDPI and ACS Style

Godínez-Mendoza, P.L.; Rico-Chávez, A.K.; Carbajal-Valenzuela, I.A.; Contreras-Medina, L.M.; Ocampo-Velázquez, R.V.; Rico-García, E.; Torres-Pacheco, I.; Guevara-González, R.G. Stress Responses to Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydric Stress-Related Acoustic Emissions (MHAF) in Capsicum annuum L. Applied in a Single or Combined Manner. Plants 2025, 14, 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14162591

AMA Style

Godínez-Mendoza PL, Rico-Chávez AK, Carbajal-Valenzuela IA, Contreras-Medina LM, Ocampo-Velázquez RV, Rico-García E, Torres-Pacheco I, Guevara-González RG. Stress Responses to Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydric Stress-Related Acoustic Emissions (MHAF) in Capsicum annuum L. Applied in a Single or Combined Manner. Plants. 2025; 14(16):2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14162591

Chicago/Turabian Style

Godínez-Mendoza, Pablo L., Amanda K. Rico-Chávez, Ireri A. Carbajal-Valenzuela, Luis M. Contreras-Medina, Rosalía V. Ocampo-Velázquez, Enrique Rico-García, Irineo Torres-Pacheco, and Ramón G. Guevara-González. 2025. "Stress Responses to Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydric Stress-Related Acoustic Emissions (MHAF) in Capsicum annuum L. Applied in a Single or Combined Manner" Plants 14, no. 16: 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14162591

APA Style

Godínez-Mendoza, P. L., Rico-Chávez, A. K., Carbajal-Valenzuela, I. A., Contreras-Medina, L. M., Ocampo-Velázquez, R. V., Rico-García, E., Torres-Pacheco, I., & Guevara-González, R. G. (2025). Stress Responses to Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydric Stress-Related Acoustic Emissions (MHAF) in Capsicum annuum L. Applied in a Single or Combined Manner. Plants, 14(16), 2591. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14162591

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