Soil or Vermiculite-Applied Microencapsulated Peppermint Oil Effects on White Mustard Initial Growth and Performance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. The Content and Chemical Composition of Peppermint Oil in the Microcapsules
2.2. The Effect of MPEO in Vermiculate on Growth of Mustard
2.3. The Effect of MPEO in Soil Substrate on Growth and Biochemical Characteristics of White Mustard
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Characterization and Chemical Analysis of Microcapsules
5.2. Pot Experiments
5.3. Plant Measurements
5.4. Statistical Analyses
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compound | RI Lit 1 | RI Exp 2 | RT (min) 3 | Av. Content (%) | EP 4 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
α-Pinene | 934 | 930 | 11.79 | 0.37 | |
Sabinene | 970 | 13.25 | 0.10 | ||
β-Pinene | 974 | 969 | 13.34 | 0.60 | |
1,8-Cineol | 1024 | 1017 | 15.38 | 4.17 | 3.5–14.0 |
Limonene | 1025 | 1021 | 15.48 | 0.63 | |
Limonene oxide | - | 0.1–5.0 | |||
Menthone | 1139 | 1134 | 20.14 | 20.63 | 14.0–32.0 |
Isomenthone | 1046 | 1142 | 20.40 | 3.73 | 1.5–10.0 |
Menthofuran | 1050 | t 5 | 0.1–0.9 | ||
Neomenthol | 1155 | 1150 | 20.71 | 2.53 | |
Menthol | 1163 | 1166 | 21.40 | 60.10 | 30.0–55.0 |
Neoisomenthol | 1171 | 1170 | 21.52 | 0.43 | |
Isomenthol | 1176 | 1176 | 21.73 | 0.17 | |
Pulegone | 1218 | 1215 | 23.34 | 0.20 | < 4.0 |
Piperitone | 1232 | 1233 | 23.81 | 0.20 | |
Menthyl acetate | 1280 | 1275 | 25.56 | 4.00 | |
Bicycloelemene | 1338 | 1328 | 27.51 | 0.10 | |
β-Bourbonene | 1386 | 1378 | 29.27 | 0.10 | |
(E)-β-Caryophyllene | 1421 | 1410 | 30.40 | 0.40 | |
ε-Muurolene | 1455 | 1445 | 31.48 | 0.10 | |
Caryophyllene oxide | 1573 | 1568 | 35.40 | 0.93 |
MPEO Dose (g m−2) | Percent of Emerged Plants | Length (cm) 1 | Fresh Mass (g) | Dry Mass (g) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoot | Root | Shoot | Root | Shoot | Root | ||
0 | 100 | 22.9 ± 1.09a | 25.4 ± 0.27a | 0.40 ± 0.02a | 0.16 ± 0.015a | 0.053 ± 0.002a | 0.026 ± 0.002a |
8 | 100 | 21.2 ± 1.83a | 26.0 ± 2.26a | 0.32 ± 0.03a | 0.05 ± 0.008b | 0.045 ± 0.003a | 0.020 ± 0.001a |
16 | 100 | 15.1 ± 0.92a | 24.6 ± 2.37a | 0.24 ± 0.03b | 0.05 ± 0.015b | 0.033 ± 0.003b | 0.017 ± 0.003a |
36 | 100 | 16.0 ± 1.76a | 34.1 ± 1.61a | 0.32 ± 0.03a | 0.11 ± 0.034a | 0.040 ± 0.004a | 0.020 ± 0.002a |
55 | 88 | 15.2 ± 2.45a | 30.6 ± 5.17a | 0.24 ± 0.04b | 0.04 ± 0.016b | 0.032 ± 0.005b | 0.014 ± 0.003b |
73 | 63 | 9.8 ± 3.03b | 17.8 ± 5.34a | 0.17 ± 0.05b | 0.03 ± 0.012b | 0.023 ± 0.007b | 0.008 ± 0.003b |
108 | 25 | 3.5 ± 2.45b | 8.1 ± 5.30b | 0.04 ± 0.03b | 0.01 ± 0.004b | 0.007 ± 0.005b | 0.003 ± 0.002b |
ED50 2 | 83.2 ± 0.46 | 71.7 ± 9.75 | 87.5 ± 9.11 | 73.0 ± 62.9 | 3.48 ± 5.97 | 72.1 ± 6.82 | 64.4 ± 5.85 |
ED90 2 | 136.5 ± 1.67 | 157.8 ± 76.8 | 129.6 ± 23.9 | 119.1 ± 23.2 | 142.7 ± 170 | 131.0 ± 31.0 | 114.3 ± 26.3 |
MPEO Dose (g m−2) | Percent of Emerged Plants | Shoot Length (cm) 1 | Fresh Mass (g) | Dry Mass (g) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoot | Root | Shoot | Root | |||
0—control | 100 | 13.4 ± 0.64a | 0.87 ± 0.082a | 0.11 ± 0.018a | 0.08 ± 0.009a | 0.024 ± 0.003a |
36 | 100 | 15.1 ± 1.07a | 0.67 ± 0.094a | 0.08 ± 0.010b | 0.07 ± 0.011a | 0.019 ± 0.002a |
55 | 100 | 13.2 ± 1.05a | 0.43 ± 0.067b | 0.05 ± 0.005b | 0.04 ± 0.008b | 0.015 ± 0.002a |
73 | 100 | 15.0 ± 0.89a | 0.53 ± 0.019a | 0.04 ± 0.003b | 0.05 ± 0.003a | 0.016 ± 0.002a |
108 | 30 | 3.8 ± 2.46b | 0.15 ± 0.097b | 0.02 ± 0.010b | 0.01 ± 0.008b | 0.005 ± 0.003b |
145 | 17 | 1.0 ± 1.00b | 0.11 ± 0.106b | 0.01 ± 0.008b | 0.01 ± 0.007b | 0.002 ± 0.002b |
ED50 2 | 99.3 ± 1.38 | 102.6 ± 11.5 | 65.7 ± 10.1 | 56.0 ± 7.09 | 72.4 ± 10.1 | 76.2 ± 11.4 |
ED90 2 | 130.1 ± 4.33 | 114.8 ± 15.9 | 177.6 ± 44.1 | 136.8 ± 28.4 | 155.2 ± 32.1 | 158.6 ± 34.0 |
MPEO Dose (g m−2) | Total Anthocyanins (µg g−1 DW) | Total Phenolics (µg g−1 DW Gallic Acid Eq.) |
---|---|---|
0—control | 22.9 ± 2.00a | 570 ± 36.2a |
36 | 36.9 ± 3.89ab | 581 ± 31.3ab |
55 | 46.2 ± 4.78b | 707 ± 38.5b |
73 | 40.0 ± 2.02ab | 599 ± 34.0ab |
108 | 49.2 ± 6.81b | 682 ± 4.6ab |
145 | 51.8 ± 4.87b | 642 ± 25.8ab |
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Synowiec, A.; Krajewska, A. Soil or Vermiculite-Applied Microencapsulated Peppermint Oil Effects on White Mustard Initial Growth and Performance. Plants 2020, 9, 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040448
Synowiec A, Krajewska A. Soil or Vermiculite-Applied Microencapsulated Peppermint Oil Effects on White Mustard Initial Growth and Performance. Plants. 2020; 9(4):448. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040448
Chicago/Turabian StyleSynowiec, Agnieszka, and Agnieszka Krajewska. 2020. "Soil or Vermiculite-Applied Microencapsulated Peppermint Oil Effects on White Mustard Initial Growth and Performance" Plants 9, no. 4: 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9040448