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Review

A Recent Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes and Subtypes in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by
Kizito Eneye Bello
1,2,
Tuan Nur Akmalina Mat Jusoh
1,
Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
1,3,
Norhidayah Abu
1,4,
Nur Amalin Zahirah Mohd Amin
1,
Nazri Mustaffa
5,6 and
Rafidah Hanim Shueb
1,7,*
1
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, Kogi State University (Prince Abubakar Audu University), Anyigba 1008, Kogi State, Nigeria
3
Microbiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa 4412, Kwara State, Nigeria
4
Advanced Materials Research Centre (A.M.R.E.C.), Lot 34 Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park, Kulim 09000, Kedah, Malaysia
5
Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
6
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
7
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (I.N.F.O.R.M.M.), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Healthcare 2023, 11(7), 1011; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11071011
Submission received: 13 January 2023 / Revised: 24 March 2023 / Accepted: 27 March 2023 / Published: 1 April 2023
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Abstract

Background and Aim: Despite introducing the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, the incidence of the Hepatitis B virus globally is still a major health concern. This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to provide detailed information on the prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in circulation in Asia. Methods: A systematic search for articles describing the prevalence of HBV genotypes and subtypes in Asia was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Our search returned 207 eligible articles involving 49,279 genotypes and 7457 subtypes representing 28 Asian countries. A meta-analysis was performed on our eligible studies using the Random effect Model. The pooled prevalence of HBV genotypes showed that genotype C (30.9%) (95% CI, 27.5–34.5%; I2 = 97.57%; p < 0.001) was the most common HBV genotype in Asia, followed by genotype B (17.8%) (95% CI, 15.5–20.4%; I2 = 97.26%; p < 0.001) and genotype D (15.4%) (95% CI, 11.8–19.8%). Vietnam had the highest prevalence of genotype B, Lebanon had the highest prevalence of genotypes C, and Jordan had the highest prevalence of genotype D. There was variation in genotypic prevalence with respect to the target genes for HBV genotyping. Reverse dot blot hybridization had the highest estimate of genotypes B and C. HBV subtype C2 (40.0%) (95% CI, 33.3–47.0) is the most prevalent HBV subtype. Conclusion: Evidence from this study reveals that HBV genotypes C and B are the most dominant HBV genotypes in Asia, and HBV subtype C2 is more endemic in Asia.
Keywords: hepatitis B virus; prevalence; Asia; systematic review; meta-analysis; genotype and subtype hepatitis B virus; prevalence; Asia; systematic review; meta-analysis; genotype and subtype

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bello, K.E.; Mat Jusoh, T.N.A.; Irekeola, A.A.; Abu, N.; Mohd Amin, N.A.Z.; Mustaffa, N.; Shueb, R.H. A Recent Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes and Subtypes in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare 2023, 11, 1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11071011

AMA Style

Bello KE, Mat Jusoh TNA, Irekeola AA, Abu N, Mohd Amin NAZ, Mustaffa N, Shueb RH. A Recent Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes and Subtypes in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare. 2023; 11(7):1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11071011

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bello, Kizito Eneye, Tuan Nur Akmalina Mat Jusoh, Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola, Norhidayah Abu, Nur Amalin Zahirah Mohd Amin, Nazri Mustaffa, and Rafidah Hanim Shueb. 2023. "A Recent Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes and Subtypes in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Healthcare 11, no. 7: 1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11071011

APA Style

Bello, K. E., Mat Jusoh, T. N. A., Irekeola, A. A., Abu, N., Mohd Amin, N. A. Z., Mustaffa, N., & Shueb, R. H. (2023). A Recent Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Genotypes and Subtypes in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare, 11(7), 1011. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11071011

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