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Article

Characterization of Virulence Factors, Cellular Stress Response, and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Trichosporon spp. Isolated from Northeast Brazilian Patients

by
Márcia Gabriele de Souza Jimenez
1,
Matheus Firmino de Azevedo
1,
Elaine Cristina Francisco
2,
Ana Maria de Andrade Oliveira Boczar
3,
Ana Carolina Barbosa Padovan
4,
Eveline Pipolo Milan
5,
Walicyranison Plinio da Silva Rocha
6 and
Guilherme Maranhão Chaves
1,*
1
Laboratório de Micologia Médica e Molecular, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 40301-110, RN, Brazil
2
Laboratório Especial de Micologia, Disciplina de Infectologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, SP, Brazil
3
Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 52051-380, PE, Brazil
4
Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas 37700-000, MG, Brazil
5
Departamento de Infectologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 40301-110, RN, Brazil
6
Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Fungi 2025, 11(4), 255; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11040255
Submission received: 20 December 2024 / Revised: 4 March 2025 / Accepted: 18 March 2025 / Published: 26 March 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Fungal Pathogenesis and Disease Control)
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Abstract

Trichosporon spp. are emerging pathogens that may cause high mortality rates, specifically among immunocompromised individuals. The objectives of this study were to perform a phylogenetic analysis of Trichosporon spp. clinical isolates. We also evaluated the expression of different virulence factors in vitro. In addition, the isolates were grown in the presence of cell-wall and membrane stressors. The antifungal susceptibility profiling was determined. The most prevalent strains belonged to the recently described species T. austroamericanum, with 17 isolates. The other strains were identified as follows: T. asahii (n = 4), T. faecale (n = 2), and T. asteroides (n = 2). All the isolates of T. asahii, T. faecale, and T. asteroides were strong biofilm producers. Statistical analysis revealed that T. asahii strains produced more biofilm than T. austroamericanum. Higher cell surface hydrophobicity was also found for T. asahii isolates compared to T. austroamericanum counterparts. T. austroamericanum seems to be more susceptible to Congo Red, Calcofluor White, and SDS than T. asahii. It is possible to conclude that Trichosporon spp. may present peculiarities in terms of the expression of different virulence factors in vitro, besides displaying a variable susceptibility to different cellular stressors. T. faecale isolates may present high MICs to the azoles, while T. asahii against amphotericin B.
Keywords: Trichosporon spp.; genotyping; virulence; cellular stress; antifungal susceptibility; trichosporonosis Trichosporon spp.; genotyping; virulence; cellular stress; antifungal susceptibility; trichosporonosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

de Souza Jimenez, M.G.; de Azevedo, M.F.; Francisco, E.C.; de Andrade Oliveira Boczar, A.M.; Padovan, A.C.B.; Milan, E.P.; da Silva Rocha, W.P.; Chaves, G.M. Characterization of Virulence Factors, Cellular Stress Response, and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Trichosporon spp. Isolated from Northeast Brazilian Patients. J. Fungi 2025, 11, 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11040255

AMA Style

de Souza Jimenez MG, de Azevedo MF, Francisco EC, de Andrade Oliveira Boczar AM, Padovan ACB, Milan EP, da Silva Rocha WP, Chaves GM. Characterization of Virulence Factors, Cellular Stress Response, and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Trichosporon spp. Isolated from Northeast Brazilian Patients. Journal of Fungi. 2025; 11(4):255. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11040255

Chicago/Turabian Style

de Souza Jimenez, Márcia Gabriele, Matheus Firmino de Azevedo, Elaine Cristina Francisco, Ana Maria de Andrade Oliveira Boczar, Ana Carolina Barbosa Padovan, Eveline Pipolo Milan, Walicyranison Plinio da Silva Rocha, and Guilherme Maranhão Chaves. 2025. "Characterization of Virulence Factors, Cellular Stress Response, and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Trichosporon spp. Isolated from Northeast Brazilian Patients" Journal of Fungi 11, no. 4: 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11040255

APA Style

de Souza Jimenez, M. G., de Azevedo, M. F., Francisco, E. C., de Andrade Oliveira Boczar, A. M., Padovan, A. C. B., Milan, E. P., da Silva Rocha, W. P., & Chaves, G. M. (2025). Characterization of Virulence Factors, Cellular Stress Response, and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Trichosporon spp. Isolated from Northeast Brazilian Patients. Journal of Fungi, 11(4), 255. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11040255

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