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Biol. Life Sci. Forum, 2024, IECBM 2024

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6 pages, 489 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Recent Advances in Understanding the Keys Factors Influencing Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Secondary Metabolites: A Comprehensive Review
by Pauline Donn, Sepidar Seyyedi-Mansour, Franklin Chamorro, Paula Garcia-Oliveira, Javier Echave, Ana Perez-Vazquez, Paula Barciela, Lucia Cassani and Miguel Angel Prieto
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 35(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2024035001 - 15 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) has become a pivotal technology for extracting secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolic compounds) from botanical sources, with implications spanning across pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. This communication provides an overview of recent advancements in understanding the key factors influencing the [...] Read more.
Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) has become a pivotal technology for extracting secondary metabolites (e.g., phenolic compounds) from botanical sources, with implications spanning across pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. This communication provides an overview of recent advancements in understanding the key factors influencing the efficiency and selectivity of the PLE of these bioactive compounds. The optimization of PLE parameters, including pressure, temperature, and solvent characteristics, has been a focal point in recent research to enhance extraction yield and preserve the integrity of secondary metabolites. Investigations into the interaction of sample matrix properties, particle size, and solvent polarity have revealed nuanced effects on the extraction process, contributing valuable insights to developing targeted extraction protocols. Also, technological innovations, such as the utilization of green solvents and novel extraction techniques, are reshaping the landscape of PLE. Different studies exploring sustainable approaches not only enhance extraction efficiency but also align with the growing emphasis on environmentally friendly practices, paving the way for greener extraction processes. Collaborative efforts among researchers have led to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing PLE. Thus, this review highlights the recent progress in unraveling the complexities of the PLE of secondary metabolites, fostering a foundation for optimizing extraction methodologies and leveraging these bioactive compounds for diverse applications. Full article
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5 pages, 1047 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Lung Cancer Biomarker Identification from Differential Expression Analysis Using RNA-Seq Data for Designing Multitargeted Drugs
by Syed Naseer Ahmad Shah and Rafat Parveen
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 35(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2024035002 - 7 Aug 2024
Viewed by 126
Abstract
Lung cancer presents a global health challenge, demanding exploration of its molecular intricacies for treatment targets. The goal is to delay progression and intervene early, reducing patient burden. Novel biomarkers are urgently needed for early diagnosis. We analysed RNA sequencing on lung cancer [...] Read more.
Lung cancer presents a global health challenge, demanding exploration of its molecular intricacies for treatment targets. The goal is to delay progression and intervene early, reducing patient burden. Novel biomarkers are urgently needed for early diagnosis. We analysed RNA sequencing on lung cancer samples from NCBI’s SRA database. Using Bioconductor in R, we identified key genes, including hub genes TOP2A and TMEM100, crucial for cellular processes. Additionally, FDA-approved drugs are repurposed as multitargeted inhibitors against upregulated genes, validated through simulations. This approach aims to inhibit the function of crucial genes, potentially offering effective treatment for lung cancer within a comprehensive strategy. Full article
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9 pages, 1536 KiB  
Proceeding Paper
Insights into Toxicity: Molecular Mechanisms of Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A in Spices
by Maria Carpena, Ana Perez-Vazquez, Paula Barciela, Kinga Noras, Joanna Trafiałek, Monika Trząskowska and Miguel A. Prieto
Biol. Life Sci. Forum 2024, 35(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/blsf2024035003 - 9 Aug 2024
Viewed by 84
Abstract
The European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) has shown 1133 notifications for spices and herbs in the last 10 years (2013–2023). The analysis of these notifications indicated that 58.7% (665 alerts) of the alerts corresponded to chemical hazards. Mycotoxins corresponding [...] Read more.
The European Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) has shown 1133 notifications for spices and herbs in the last 10 years (2013–2023). The analysis of these notifications indicated that 58.7% (665 alerts) of the alerts corresponded to chemical hazards. Mycotoxins corresponding to aflatoxin B1 (24 alerts) and ochratoxin A (39 alerts) were found in 19.4% of the samples. Due to the presence of these biological hazards in foodstuffs, comprehensive knowledge of their molecular mechanisms of action is required as part of the risk assessment strategy. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a known potent carcinogen that has been linked to liver cancer in humans and animals. Its toxic effects consist of forming DNA adducts, causing mutations, and interfering with cellular processes. On the other hand, ochratoxin A (OTA) is known to be nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, and immunosuppressive in both humans and animals. OTA targets the kidneys and liver, exerting its toxic effects similarly to AFB1, i.e., through DNA damage, oxidative stress, and interference with cellular processes. This communication reviews the molecular mechanism of action underlying the toxicity of AFB1 and OTA found in herbs and spices in Europe, focusing on their biosynthesis, toxicodynamics, interaction with cellular components, and the resulting biochemical pathways leading to adverse health effects. Moreover, it discusses potential strategies for mitigating their presence in spices, emphasizing the importance of hazard characterization for effective risk management and regulation. Full article
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