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Antibiotics
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Epidemiology, Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Therapy: A Shared Effort against...
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Epidemiology, Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Therapy: A Shared Effort against Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382). This special issue belongs to the section "Antibiotic Therapy in Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 2886

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Francesca Pica

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier, 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: microbiology; epidemiology and control of healthcare-associated infections; immunosuppression and immunomodulators; natural and syntetic compounds with antimicrobial and antitumor activity; biofilm

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As reported by the WHO, national, supranational and global plans are ongoing for the control and prevention of infectious diseases, which still fall among the top 10 causes of death worldwide. Particular attention in this area is paid to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In fact, AMR microorganisms can cause severe diseases, especially in frail and hospitalized individuals, leading to a prolonged length of hospital stay and increased mortality or long-term disability, with a relevant impact on the individual quality of life and on the financial aspects of health management. The extensive and incorrect use of antimicrobials exerts a selective pressure, favouring the emergence and spread of microbial strains often resistant to multiple drugs at the same time, i.e., the multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The new technologies strongly support microbiological diagnostics, allowing the identification of these new microbial strains and mutations that have occurred in them; however, sometime the discordance between genotypic and phenotypic methods makes the interpretation of results difficult. In this context, it seems urgent to strengthen a synergistic interaction among epidemiologists, microbiologists, basic researchers and clinicians to successfully counteract possibly life-threating infections in our real world, actually characterized by increasing conflicts and social inequalities. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect the most recent experiences in the field by all the professionals involved in this area.

Dr. Francesca Pica
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbes and antimicrobials
  • bacteria, fungi and viruses
  • antibiotics, antifungals and antivirals
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • rapid diagnostics
  • genotypic and phenotypic resistance
  • epidemiology
  • public health
  • infectious diseases
  • hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)
  • community infections
  • natural and synthetic antimicrobial compounds

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 3645 KiB  
Article
Screening of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae Strains with Multi-Drug Resistance and Virulence Profiles Isolated from an Italian Hospital between 2020 and 2023
by Valentina Dimartino, Carolina Venditti, Francesco Messina, Silvia D’Arezzo, Marina Selleri, Ornella Butera, Carla Nisii, Alessandra Marani, Alessia Arcangeli, Roberta Gaziano, Terenzio Cosio, Pietro Scanzano and Carla Fontana
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 561; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060561 - 15 Jun 2024
Viewed by 816
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that are resistant to multiple drugs (KPMDRs), which are often acquired in hospital settings and lead to healthcare-associated infections, pose a serious public health threat, as does hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp), which can also cause serious infections in otherwise healthy [...] Read more.
Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that are resistant to multiple drugs (KPMDRs), which are often acquired in hospital settings and lead to healthcare-associated infections, pose a serious public health threat, as does hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp), which can also cause serious infections in otherwise healthy individuals. The widespread and often unnecessary use of antibiotics seen during the recent COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. There is growing concern that hypervirulent (hvKp) strains may acquire genes that confer antimicrobial resistance, thus combining an MDR profile with their increased ability to spread to multiple body sites, causing difficult-to-treat infections. This study aimed to compare resistance and virulence profiles in KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae isolates collected over four years (2020–2023). A genome-based surveillance of all MDR CRE-K. pneumoniae was used to identify genetic differences and to characterize the virulence and resistance profiles. Our results provide a picture of the evolution of resistance and virulence genes and contribute to avoiding the possible spread of isolates with characteristics of multi-drug resistance and increased virulence, which are thought to be one of the main global challenges to public health, within our hospital. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Therapy: A Shared Effort against Infectious Diseases)
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8 pages, 595 KiB  
Article
Whooping Cough Cases Increase in Central Italy after COVID-19 Pandemic
by Giulia Linardos, Luana Coltella, Stefania Ranno, Velia Chiara Di Maio, Luna Colagrossi, Elisabetta Pandolfi, Maria Beatrice Chiarini Testa, Leonardo Genuini, Francesca Stoppa, Matteo Di Nardo, Annalisa Grandin, Renato Cutrera, Corrado Cecchetti, Alberto Villani, Massimiliano Raponi, Paola Bernaschi, Cristina Russo, Carlo Federico Perno and Rossana Scutari
Antibiotics 2024, 13(5), 464; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13050464 - 19 May 2024
Viewed by 1116
Abstract
Pertussis continues to be a highly contagious respiratory infection, especially in children, with cyclical peaks of disease spread every three to five years. Here, we report relevant cases of B. pertussis infection between August 2023 and January 2024, and compare them with B. [...] Read more.
Pertussis continues to be a highly contagious respiratory infection, especially in children, with cyclical peaks of disease spread every three to five years. Here, we report relevant cases of B. pertussis infection between August 2023 and January 2024, and compare them with B. pertussis prevalence in pediatric patients admitted to the Reference Italian Pediatric Hospital, located in Rome, from January 2015 to July 2023. A total of 5464 tests for B. pertussis were performed during the study period, and 6.9% were positive. At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a sharp decrease in the presence of B. pertussis, which reappeared only in August 2023, recording five new cases. All five children presented with paroxysmal cough 5 to 10 days before admission. Four patients had other mild respiratory symptoms and moderate B. pertussis DNA levels (Ct mean: 26). Only one child, with very high B. pertussis DNA levels (Ct: 9), presented with severe respiratory failure. The patients with mild/moderate infection achieved clinical recovery while the patient with the severe manifestation died of cardiac arrest. These observations highlight the reemergence of pertussis even in vaccinated countries and its association with morbidity and mortality especially in young children. This emphasizes the importance of rapid diagnosis to immediately implement appropriate treatment and monitoring of immune status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Therapy: A Shared Effort against Infectious Diseases)
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Review

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13 pages, 1668 KiB  
Review
Robinsoniella peoriensis Infections in Humans—A Narrative Review
by Petros Ioannou, Stella Baliou and Diamantis Kofteridis
Antibiotics 2024, 13(6), 570; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics13060570 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 567
Abstract
Robinsoniella peoriensis is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the family Lachnospiraceae. Until now, R. peoriensis is the only species of its genus. It was first isolated in 2003 during a study into the flora of lagoons [...] Read more.
Robinsoniella peoriensis is a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium belonging to the phylum Firmicutes and the family Lachnospiraceae. Until now, R. peoriensis is the only species of its genus. It was first isolated in 2003 during a study into the flora of lagoons and manure pits. Given the rarity of this microorganism and the sparse information in the literature about its way of transmission, the way to diagnose its infections and identify it in the microbiology laboratory, and its public health relevance, the present study aimed to identify all the published cases of Robinsoniella, describe the epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics, and provide information about its antimicrobial resistance, treatment, and outcomes. A narrative review was performed based on a Pubmed/Medline and Scopus databases search. In total, 14 studies provided data on 17 patients with infections by Robinsoniella. The median age of patients was 63 years and 47% were male. The most common types of infection were bone and joint infections, bacteremia, infective endocarditis, and peritonitis. The only isolated species was R. peoriensis, and antimicrobial resistance to clindamycin was 50%, but was 0% to the combination of piperacillin with tazobactam, aminopenicillin with a beta-lactamase inhibitor, and metronidazole which were the most commonly used antimicrobials for the treatment of these infections. The overall mortality depends on the type of infection and is notable only for bacteremia, while all other infections had an optimal outcome. Future studies should better assess these infections’ clinical and epidemiological characteristics and the mechanisms of the antimicrobial resistance of this microorganism from a mechanistic and genetic perspective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Epidemiology, Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobial Therapy: A Shared Effort against Infectious Diseases)
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