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Advanced Optical-Fiber-Related Technologies
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Advanced Optical-Fiber-Related Technologies

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2024 | Viewed by 7429

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Galina Nemova

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Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Physics, Polytechnique Montréal, P.O. Box 6079, Station Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
Interests: fiber optics; optical fibers; applied optics; radiation-balanced fiber lasers and amplifiers; nanophotonics; nonlinear optics; laser cooling of solids; quantum optics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optical fiber technologies are revolutionizing the world of communications, laser, sensors, and quantum systems. Newly developed fiber amplifiers allow for the direct transmission of high-speed signals over transcontinental distances without the need for electronic regeneration. Great possibilities of controlling the properties of light have made fiber lasers and amplifiers the optical sources of choice for a large range of scientific and industrial applications. Optical fiber sensors can provide nearly every physical parameter measurement including strain, torsion, temperature, vibration, and heat with high precision. They have found applications in structural health monitoring, robotics, biomedical applications and space research. Recently, optical fibers have found applications in waveguide quantum electrodynamics.

It is my pleasure and honor to present this Special Issue of Applied Sciences, titled “Advanced Optical-Fiber-Related Technologies”. I kindly invite you to submit your original research or review papers to this Special Issue. All papers will be subject to the normal standards and peer-review processes of the journal.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide an overview of recent experimental and theoretical achievements in optical fiber technologies. This Special Issue welcomes contributions from theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies, from fundamentals to application studies including fiber communications, fiber lasers, fiber sensors, fiber Bragg gratings, LPGs, fiber materials and design.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Fiber lasers and amplifiers.
  • Raman fiber lasers and amplifiers.
  • Brillouin fiber lasers and amplifiers.
  • Radiation-balanced (athermal) fiber lasers.
  • Fiber frequency comb sources.
  • Fiber supercontinuum sources.
  • Photonic crystal fibers.
  • Chalcogenide fibers.
  • Tellurite fibers.
  • Fluoride fibers.
  • New fiber materials and designs.
  • Laser cooling in optical fibers.
  • Nonlinear effects in optical fibers .
  • Fiber Bragg grating and LPGs.
  • Fiber switching, memory, and signal processing.
  • Long-haul transmission systems.
  • Fiber local area networks.
  • Fiber sensors and instrumentation.
  • Waveguide quantum electrodynamics.

Dr. Galina Nemova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fiber optics
  • optical fibers
  • applied optics
  • radiation-balanced fiber lasers and amplifiers
  • Raman fiber lasersnanophotonics
  • nonlinear optics
  • Brillouin fiber lasers and amplifiers
  • fiber materials
  • fiber Bragg gratings
  • LPG
  • fiber networks
  • fiber sensors
  • quantum electrodynamics

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 5164 KiB  
Article
Wavelength-Dependent Bragg Grating Sensors Cascade an Interferometer Sensor to Enhance Sensing Capacity and Diversification through the Deep Belief Network
by Shegaw Demessie Bogale, Cheng-Kai Yao, Yibeltal Chanie Manie, Zi-Gui Zhong and Peng-Chun Peng
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 7333; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167333 - 20 Aug 2024
Viewed by 548
Abstract
Fiber-optic sensors, such as fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors and fiber-optic interferometers, have excellent sensing capabilities for industrial, chemical, and biomedical engineering applications. This paper used machine learning to enhance the number of fiber-optic sensing placement points and promote the cost-effectiveness and diversity [...] Read more.
Fiber-optic sensors, such as fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors and fiber-optic interferometers, have excellent sensing capabilities for industrial, chemical, and biomedical engineering applications. This paper used machine learning to enhance the number of fiber-optic sensing placement points and promote the cost-effectiveness and diversity of fiber-optic sensing applications. In this paper, the framework adopted is the FBG cascading an interferometer, and a deep belief network (DBN) is used to demodulate the wavelength of the sampled complex spectrum. As the capacity of the fiber-optic sensor arrangement is optimized, the peak spectra from FBGs undergoing strain or temperature changes may overlap. In addition, overlapping FBG spectra with interferometer spectra results in periodic modulation of the spectral intensity, making the spectral intensity variation more complex as a function of different strains or temperature levels. Therefore, it may not be possible to analyze the sensed results of FBGs with the naked eye, and it would be ideal to use machine learning to demodulate the sensed results of FBGs and the interferometer. Experimental results show that DBN can successfully interpret the wavelengths of individual FBG peaks, and peaks of the interferometer spectrum, from the overlapping spectrum of peak-overlapping FBGs and the interferometer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical-Fiber-Related Technologies)
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13 pages, 4106 KiB  
Article
A Multi-Format, Multi-Wavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Ring Laser Using a Tunable Delay Line Interferometer
by Cheng-Kai Yao, Amare Mulatie Dehnaw and Peng-Chun Peng
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(16), 6933; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14166933 - 8 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 623
Abstract
This work demonstrates the use of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), a tunable bandpass filter (TBF), and a tunable delay line interferometer (TDLI) to form a ring laser that produces multi-format, multi-wavelength laser beams. The TDLI serves as the core of the proposed [...] Read more.
This work demonstrates the use of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), a tunable bandpass filter (TBF), and a tunable delay line interferometer (TDLI) to form a ring laser that produces multi-format, multi-wavelength laser beams. The TDLI serves as the core of the proposed laser generation system. TDLI harnesses the weak Fabry–Pérot (FP) interferences generated by its built-in 50/50 beamsplitter (BS) with unalterable filtering characteristics and the interferences with free spectral range (FSR) adjustable from each of its two outputs with nearly complementary phases to superpose and generate a variable interference standing wave. The interferometric standing wave and weak FP interferences are used to form a spatial-hole burning to promote the excitation of multi-format and multi-wavelength lasers. The proposed system enables dual-wavelength spacing ranging from 0.3 nm to 3.35 nm, with a switchable wavelength position at approximately 1527 nm to 1535 nm, providing flexible tunability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical-Fiber-Related Technologies)
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14 pages, 2050 KiB  
Article
Optical Cable Lifespan Prediction Method Based on Autoformer
by Mengchao Niu, Yuan Li and Jiaye Zhu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(14), 6286; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14146286 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 566
Abstract
We proposed a novel method for predicting the service life of optical cables based on the Autoformer model combined with the calculation method. Leveraging historical weather data from Guangzhou and employing specific cable length calculation techniques, our study comprehensively considers factors impacting cable [...] Read more.
We proposed a novel method for predicting the service life of optical cables based on the Autoformer model combined with the calculation method. Leveraging historical weather data from Guangzhou and employing specific cable length calculation techniques, our study comprehensively considers factors impacting cable lifespan. Moreover, through comparative analysis with alternative deep learning models and parameter assessments, our method validates the superiority and stability of the Autoformer model in predicting cable lifespan, which can offer a more reliable approach for ensuring cable technology reliability and the management of associated industries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical-Fiber-Related Technologies)
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14 pages, 8617 KiB  
Article
Water Pipeline Leakage Detection Based on Coherent φ-OTDR and Deep Learning Technology
by Shuo Zhang, Zijian Xiong, Boyuan Ji, Nan Li, Zhangwei Yu, Shengnan Wu and Sailing He
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 3814; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14093814 - 29 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1076
Abstract
Leakage in water supply pipelines remains a significant challenge. It leads to resource and economic waste. Researchers have developed several leak detection methods, including the use of embedded sensors and pressure prediction. The former approach involves pre-installing detectors inside pipelines to detect leaks. [...] Read more.
Leakage in water supply pipelines remains a significant challenge. It leads to resource and economic waste. Researchers have developed several leak detection methods, including the use of embedded sensors and pressure prediction. The former approach involves pre-installing detectors inside pipelines to detect leaks. This method allows for the precise localization of leak points. The stability is compromised because of the wireless signal strength. The latter approach, which relies on pressure measurements to predict leak events, does not achieve precise leak point localization. To address these challenges, in this paper, a coherent optical time-domain reflectometry (φ-OTDR) system is employed to capture vibration signal phase information. Subsequently, two pre-trained neural network models based on CNN and Resnet18 are responsible for processing this information to accurately identify vibration events. In an experimental setup simulating water pipelines, phase information from both leaking and non-leaking pipe segments is collected. Using this dataset, classical CNN and ResNet18 models are trained, achieving accuracy rates of 99.7% and 99.5%, respectively. The multi-leakage point experiment results indicate that the Resnet18 model has better generalization compared to the CNN model. The proposed solution enables long-distance water-pipeline precise leak point localization and accurate vibration event identification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical-Fiber-Related Technologies)
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Review

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38 pages, 33578 KiB  
Review
Advances in High–Speed, High–Power Photodiodes: From Fundamentals to Applications
by Qingtao Chen, Xiupu Zhang, Mohammad S. Sharawi and Raman Kashyap
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 3410; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14083410 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 2039
Abstract
High–speed, high–power photodiodes play a key role in wireless communication systems for the generation of millimeter wave (MMW) and terahertz (THz) waves based on photonics–based techniques. Uni–traveling–photodiode (UTC–PD) is an excellent candidate, not only meeting the above–mentioned requirements of broadband (3 GHz~1 THz) [...] Read more.
High–speed, high–power photodiodes play a key role in wireless communication systems for the generation of millimeter wave (MMW) and terahertz (THz) waves based on photonics–based techniques. Uni–traveling–photodiode (UTC–PD) is an excellent candidate, not only meeting the above–mentioned requirements of broadband (3 GHz~1 THz) and high–frequency operation, but also exhibiting the high output power over mW–level at the 300 GHz band. This paper reviews the fundamentals of high–speed, high–power photodiodes, mirror–reflected photodiodes, microstructure photodiodes, photodiode–integrated devices, the related equivalent circuits, and design considerations. Those characteristics of photodiodes and the related photonic–based devices are analyzed and reviewed with comparisons in detail, which provides a new path for these devices with applications in short–range wireless communications in 6G and beyond. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical-Fiber-Related Technologies)
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18 pages, 2605 KiB  
Review
Brief Review of Recent Developments in Fiber Lasers
by Galina Nemova
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2323; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062323 - 10 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1912
Abstract
This review covers the recent achievements in high-power rare earth (RE)-doped fiber lasers, Raman fiber lasers, and Brillouin fiber lasers. RE-doped fiber lasers have many applications such as laser cutting, laser welding, laser cleaning, and laser precision processing. They operate in several wavelength [...] Read more.
This review covers the recent achievements in high-power rare earth (RE)-doped fiber lasers, Raman fiber lasers, and Brillouin fiber lasers. RE-doped fiber lasers have many applications such as laser cutting, laser welding, laser cleaning, and laser precision processing. They operate in several wavelength ranges including 1050–1120 nm (ytterbium-doped fiber lasers), 1530–1590 nm (erbium- and erbium–ytterbium-doped fiber lasers), and 1900–2100 nm (thulium- and holmium-doped fiber lasers). White spaces in the wavelength spectrum, where no RE-doped fiber lasers are available, can be covered by Raman lasers. The heat power generated inside the laser active medium due to the quantum defect degrades the performance of the laser causing, for example, transverse-mode instability and thermal lensing. It can even cause catastrophic fiber damage. Different approaches permitting the mitigation of the heat generation process are considered in this review. Brillouin fiber lasers, especially multiwavelength Brillouin fiber lasers, have several important applications including optical communication, microwave generation, and temperature sensing. Recent progress in Brillouin fiber lasers is considered in this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical-Fiber-Related Technologies)
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