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Techniques and Applications in High Precision GNSS

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A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Atmospheric Techniques, Instruments, and Modeling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (6 August 2022) | Viewed by 6180

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Shuli Song

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Guest Editor

Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
Interests: GNSS data processing and application

Dr. Robert Odolinski

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Guest Editor

National School of Surveying, University of Otago, 310 Castle Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
Interests: multi-GNSS precise positioning; integer ambiguity resolution; low-cost GNSS receiver; smartphone positioning
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have achieved remarkable progress in geodesy, atmospheric retrieval, precise positioning, timing, etc. At present, there are four global operational satellite navigation systems, those being the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), Galileo, GLONASS and GPS. In addition, some countries have also launched regional navigation satellite systems, such as QZSS, IRNSS, and KPS. With the rapid development and modernization of the GNSS, the multi-frequency signals are transmitted from satellites, which can be received and used by global users. The multi-GNSS and multi-frequency observations hold massive potential for applications in the scientific community. For example, the multi-GNSS can achieve global time and frequency transfer. The multi-GNSS can measure the tropospheric water vapor content and the ionospheric total electron content (TEC), which can monitor the global climate and space environment. GNSS play an important role in space observations. With the construction and development of GNSS, this is resulting in new opportunities and challenges in data processing warranting further GNSS research. Algorithmic advancements are needed to meet the opportunities and challenges in enhancing the accuracy, availability, interoperability, and integrity of high-precision GNSS applications. The goal of this Special Issue is to explain the new developments in high-precision GNSS, which include, but are not limited to, the following:

High-precision GNSS POD, PCE, PPP and PPP-RTK;
The troposphere and ionosphere observations, modelling and monitoring;
High-precision GNSS algorithms and applications in geosciences.

Dr. Shuli Song
Dr. Robert Odolinski
Guest Editors

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Keywords

GNSS
BeiDou
precise point positioning (PPP)
precise clock estimation (PCE)
precise orbit determination (POD)
GNSS troposphere
GNSS ionosphere
Geodesy

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3473 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Maritime Moving Target Joint Localization and Kinematic State Estimation Using GNSS-Based Multistatic Radar

by Binbin Wang, Hao Cha, Zibo Zhou and Lei Zuo

Atmosphere 2022, 13(9), 1497; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091497 - 14 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1046

Abstract

A global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-based multistatic radar is explored for target localization and kinematic state estimation. Since any point on the earth can be illuminated by a minimum of four satellites of each GNSS constellation at any time, GNSS-based passive radars can be inherently considered multistatic radars. In this paper, a method for jointly estimating the target position and velocity by utilizing both the time delays and Doppler shifts has been proposed, and an analytical accuracy analysis is also provided. In the new method, the bistatic range and Doppler for each path are firstly estimated by the range-Doppler (RD) method, and then by using the bistatic ranges and Doppler shifts. The least squares method is applied to estimate the target position and velocity simultaneously. Compared with the precedent target localization and velocity estimation method, the proposed method achieves a better estimation result with simple procedures. Simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Techniques and Applications in High Precision GNSS)

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17 pages, 4511 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Data Quality Analysis of Multi-GNSS Signals and Its Application in Improving Stochastic Model for Precise Orbit Determination

by Chao Huang, Shuli Song, Na Cheng and Zhitao Wang

Atmosphere 2022, 13(8), 1253; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081253 - 7 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1539

Abstract

Currently, there are more Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals available for civilians. Many types of GNSS receivers have been updated and several new receivers have been developed for new signals. To know about the performance of these signals and receivers and their stochastic model for data processing, in this study, the data quality of all GNSS signals, especially the new signals are analyzed, and two modified stochastic models with observation noise statistics (STA) and post-fit residuals (RES) are formed. The results show that for all the new signals, the corresponding carrier phase noise is at the same level as other old signals. The pseudorange noise of B2a, L5, E5a, and E5b is within 4 cm and significantly smaller than other signals for receivers without a smooth algorithm, and the multipath error of these signals is about 0.1 m which is also better than other signals. For B1C, the pseudorange multipath error is about 0.4 m, which is close to L1 and E1. Stochastic models are validated for precise orbit determination (POD). Compared with the empirical stochastic model (EMP), both modified models are helpful to reduce the mean unit weight square error and obtain high accuracy orbits with reduced iteration. The 3D orbit accuracy improvement can reach 0.27 cm (7%) for the STA model, and 0.40 cm (10%) for the RES model when compared with the final products from the international GNSS service (IGS). For BDS-3 POD by using B1C and B2a observations, the improvements in the 3D orbit consistency of two adjacent three-day solutions are 0.21 cm (3%) for the STA model and 0.29 cm (4%) for the RES model. In addition, the STA model based on the observation noise of globally distributed stations is less affected by stations with problematic observations and with reduced computation burden. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Techniques and Applications in High Precision GNSS)

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20 pages, 6928 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clutter Suppression and Rotor Blade Feature Extraction of a Helicopter Based on Time–Frequency Flash Shifts in a Passive Bistatic Radar

by Zibo Zhou, Zhihui Wang, Binbin Wang, Saiqiang Xia and Jianwei Liu

Atmosphere 2022, 13(8), 1214; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081214 - 1 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1120

Abstract

This paper presents a passive bistatic radar (PBR) configuration using a global navigation satellite system as an illuminator of opportunity for the rotor blade feature extraction of a helicopter. Aiming at the strong fixed clutter in the surveillance channel of the PBR, a novel iteration clutter elimination method-based singular-value decomposition approach is proposed. Instead of the range elimination method used in the classic extended cancellation algorithm, the proposed clutter elimination method distinguishes the clutter using the largest singular value and by remove this value. At the same time, the fuselage echo of the hovering helicopter can also be suppressed along with the ground clutter, then the rotor echo of this can be obtained. In the micro-motion feature extraction, the mathematic principle of the flash generation process in the time–frequency distribution (TFD) is derived first. Next, the phase compensation method is applied to achieve the time–frequency flash shift in the TFD. After this, the center frequencies of the standard flashes in the TFD are compared with the standard frequency dictionary. The mean l1 norm is utilized to estimate the feature parameters of the helicopter rotor. In the experiments, the scattering point model and the physical optics facet model demonstrate that the proposed method can obtain more accurate parameter estimation results than some classic algorithms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Techniques and Applications in High Precision GNSS)

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24 pages, 9965 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Performance of Three-Frequency GPS PPP-RTK with Partial Ambiguity Resolution

by Zhongbao Yan and Xiaohong Zhang

Atmosphere 2022, 13(7), 1014; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071014 - 23 Jun 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1477

Abstract

The correct ambiguity resolution of real-time kinematic precise point positioning (PPP-RTK) plays an essential role in achieving fast, reliable, and high-precision positioning. However, the ambiguity of incorrect fixing will cause poor PPP-RTK positioning performance. Hence, it is essential to optimize the selected strategy of the ambiguity subset to obtain a more reliable ambiguity resolution performance for PPP-RTK. For this reason, a partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) method combining quality control and Schmidt orthogonalization (Gram–Schmidt) is proposed in this study. To investigate the performance of global positioning system (GPS) dual- and three-frequency PPP-RTK comprehensively, the PAR method based on the Gram–Schmidt method was analyzed and compared with the highest elevation angle method, which considered the satellite with the highest elevation angle as the reference satellite. The performance of ambiguity fixing, atmospheric corrections, and positioning were evaluated using five stations in Belgium and its surrounding area. The results showed average epoch fixing rates of 81.01%, 95.92%, 82.05%, and 97.93% in the dual-frequency highest elevation angle (F2-MAX), dual-frequency Gram–Schmidt (F2-ALT), three-frequency highest elevation angle (F3-MAX), and three–frequency Gram–Schmidt (F3-ALT), respectively. In terms of the time to first fix (TTFF), 89.02%, 94.25%, 90.24%, and 95.69% of the single-differenced (SD) narrow lane (NL) ambiguity fell within 3 min in F2-MAX, F2-ALT, F3-MAX, and F3-ALT, respectively. As far as the ionospheric corrections are concerned, the proportion of SD ionospheric residuals within ±0.25 total electron content units (TECU) were 95.08%, 95.93%, 95.68%, and 96.98% for the F2-MAX, F2-ALT, F3-MAX, and F3-ALT, respectively. The centimeter-level accuracy of both the horizontal and vertical positioning errors can be achieved almost instantaneously in F3-ALT. This is attributed to the accurate and reliable SD NL ambiguity fixing based on the Gram–Schmidt approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Techniques and Applications in High Precision GNSS)

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