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Is Our Future up in the Air? Odorous Volatile Organic...
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Is Our Future up in the Air? Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Greenhouse Gas Emissions

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Air Quality".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2022) | Viewed by 10608

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kajetan Górny-Kalus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: analytical chemistry; environmental chemistry; air quality; odors; biochar
Dr. Andreja Stojić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, Belgrade, Serbia
Interests: atmospheric aerosols; inorganic and volatile organic gaseous pollutants; air pollution transport; air pollution health effects

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The climate crisis is still progressing at an alarming pace. With the 26th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) in Glasgow coming to an end, humanity is collectively under a great deal of pressure to act urgently in order to meet the net-zero carbon emissions target and stop the devastating effects of climate change as soon as possible. Innovative and sustainable technologies of gaseous emissions reduction and mitigation of their effects are now in demand more than ever before. At the same time, with constantly increasing global population and global Gross Domestic Product (GPD), the sustainable development of low-emission industries and agriculture is crucial, as serious environmental consequences related to gaseous emissions—which also include volatile organic compounds—from those sectors have a negative impact not only on the climate in general, but also on human and animal health, and the natural environment. Additionally, some of the emitted gaseous substances cause a serious odor nuisance, particularly troublesome for local communities and their development.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide recent advances in the field of broadly understood air quality and mitigation of gaseous emissions from industrial and agricultural sectors, with the main focus on greenhouse gases and odorous substances. The topic is highly relevant to technologies and solutions that include, but are not limited to, air purification systems, sequestration methods or new low-emission alternatives.

Dr. Kajetan Górny-Kalus
Dr. Andreja Stojić
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • greenhouse gases
  • odors
  • VOCs
  • air quality
  • hazardous emissions
  • climate change
  • sustainability
  • air purification
  • carbon sequestration

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1361 KiB  
Article
Predicted Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and Perfluorocarbon (PFC) Emissions for the Years 2010–2050 in the Czech Republic
by Zuzana Rošková, Julieta Schneider and Martin Štengel
Atmosphere 2023, 14(1), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010111 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2493
Abstract
Hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons (F-gases) play a substantial role in global warming via the greenhouse effect and thus have been under increased investigation recently. EU member states, including the Czech Republic, already have measures limiting F-gas use based on their GWP such as EU [...] Read more.
Hydrofluorocarbons and perfluorocarbons (F-gases) play a substantial role in global warming via the greenhouse effect and thus have been under increased investigation recently. EU member states, including the Czech Republic, already have measures limiting F-gas use based on their GWP such as EU regulation No. 517/2014. This manuscript explains the current status of F-gas emissions and describes a methodology of their estimation for the years 2010 to 2050. The computational method is based on the IPCC 2006 Guidelines. Currently available data, distribution of F-gases and active policies are crucial parameters for standard greenhouse gas emission estimates as well as for long-term projections. The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the regulations implemented and provides a prediction scenario for how F-gas emissions will develop. According to these projections, a total F-gas emission decline is expected in the Czech Republic. For F-gas applications in refrigeration and air-conditioning, the predicted downward trend is more significant compared to the other F-gas application sectors, as they are currently some of the biggest contributors in the actual state of emissions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Is Our Future up in the Air? Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Greenhouse Gas Emissions)
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27 pages, 6682 KiB  
Article
The Explainable Potential of Coupling Metaheuristics-Optimized-XGBoost and SHAP in Revealing VOCs’ Environmental Fate
by Luka Jovanovic, Gordana Jovanovic, Mirjana Perisic, Filip Alimpic, Svetlana Stanisic, Nebojsa Bacanin, Miodrag Zivkovic and Andreja Stojic
Atmosphere 2023, 14(1), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010109 - 4 Jan 2023
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 2426
Abstract
In this paper, we explore the computational capabilities of advanced modeling tools to reveal the factors that shape the observed benzene levels and behavior under different environmental conditions. The research was based on two-year hourly data concentrations of inorganic gaseous pollutants, particulate matter, [...] Read more.
In this paper, we explore the computational capabilities of advanced modeling tools to reveal the factors that shape the observed benzene levels and behavior under different environmental conditions. The research was based on two-year hourly data concentrations of inorganic gaseous pollutants, particulate matter, benzene, toluene, m, p-xylenes, total nonmethane hydrocarbons, and meteorological parameters obtained from the Global Data Assimilation System. In order to determine the model that will be capable of achieving a superior level of performance, eight metaheuristics algorithms were tested for eXtreme Gradient Boosting optimization, while the relative SHapley Additive exPlanations values were used to estimate the relative importance of each pollutant level and meteorological parameter for the prediction of benzene concentrations. According to the results, benzene levels are mostly shaped by toluene and the finest aerosol fraction concentrations, in the environment governed by temperature, volumetric soil moisture content, and momentum flux direction, as well as by levels of total nonmethane hydrocarbons and total nitrogen oxide. The types of conditions which provided the environment for the impact of toluene, the finest aerosol, and temperature on benzene dynamics are distinguished and described. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Is Our Future up in the Air? Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Greenhouse Gas Emissions)
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14 pages, 1424 KiB  
Article
Practical Application of a Multi-Bed Adsorbent Tube Coupled with GC-MS for Low-Level VOCs Identification to Achieve Comprehensive Odor Management
by Yelim Choi, Kyunghoon Kim, Taeho Lee and Daekeun Kim
Atmosphere 2022, 13(9), 1457; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091457 - 8 Sep 2022
Viewed by 1717
Abstract
We investigated the effectiveness of a multi-sorbent tube (M-Tube) to improve the sampling method for a wide range of odor-causing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at low concentrations. The M-Tube applied in this study was a fixed tube packed with three adsorbents (Carboxen® [...] Read more.
We investigated the effectiveness of a multi-sorbent tube (M-Tube) to improve the sampling method for a wide range of odor-causing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at low concentrations. The M-Tube applied in this study was a fixed tube packed with three adsorbents (Carboxen®, Carbopack™, and Tenax®-TA) in series. To verify the efficiency of the M-Tube, a comparative study was conducted against a single tube (S-Tube, Tenax®-TA). A total of 42 target compounds were selected, including eight different chemical groups: terpenes, hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters, furans, and alkanes, to verify the effectiveness of the M-Tube. In the laboratory test, response factors, which are the ratios between output signals of gas chromatography by the sorbent-tube sample and the liquid-standard sample, for the M-Tube were higher than those for the S-Tube. The breakthrough volume of the M-Tube was higher than that of the S-Tube, indicating that the M-Tube had a relatively lower method detection limit. In the field application to the sewage treatment plant, 29 compounds were identified, and their concentration ranged from 0.3 to 98 ppbv (above MDL). The detected compounds were considered odor-causing VOCs, and the odor contribution of the compounds could be assessed. We ultimately concluded that comprehensive odor management could be established by determining trace VOCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Is Our Future up in the Air? Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Greenhouse Gas Emissions)
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16 pages, 7434 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Sulfide Emission Properties from Two Large Landfills in New York State
by Alexandra M. Catena, Jie Zhang, Roisin Commane, Lee T. Murray, Margaret J. Schwab, Eric M. Leibensperger, Joseph Marto, Mackenzie L. Smith and James J. Schwab
Atmosphere 2022, 13(8), 1251; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081251 - 6 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3191
Abstract
Landfills are a source of malodors, greenhouse gases, harmful pollutants, pests, noise, and litter. To reduce their impact on neighboring communities, landfill facilities and the policies they follow must reduce emissions of trace gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methane [...] Read more.
Landfills are a source of malodors, greenhouse gases, harmful pollutants, pests, noise, and litter. To reduce their impact on neighboring communities, landfill facilities and the policies they follow must reduce emissions of trace gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methane (CH4). However, a comprehensive understanding of the spatial variability of both pollutants at landfills should first be established to obtain a clear picture of emissions at landfills. This study measured the mixing ratios of H2S and CH4 at two landfills in New York State (Fresh Kills Landfill and Seneca Meadows Landfill) in November 2021 using laser-based methods deployed in a mobile lab. H2S emission fluxes were estimated based on a mass balance calculation. The highest mixing ratios of both H2S and CH4 were measured at Fresh Kills Landfill, at up to 7 parts per billion (ppb) and ~140 parts per million (ppm), respectively, yet these values resulted in a low ΔH2S/ΔCH4 ratio, at approximately 5.2 ± 2.6 × 10−5 mol mol−1 and a H2S emission flux of 0.02 ± 0.01 mg m−2 day−1. The highest ΔH2S/ΔCH4 ratio was observed at the Seneca Meadows Landfill at 8.6 ± 4.3 × 10−4 mol mol−1 and yielded a H2S emission flux estimate of 17.7 ± 12.9 mg m−2-day−1. The variability in mixing ratios and ΔH2S/ΔCH4 ratios measured at the landfills can be attributed to various factors, including facility operations and design, landfill age, meteorology, types of waste, and pH levels, but further multiday measurements are needed at each landfill to improve emission estimates and determine a more accurate and resolute reasoning behind these variations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Is Our Future up in the Air? Odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Greenhouse Gas Emissions)
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