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Biology
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Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Stress Adaptation
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Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Stress Adaptation

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 4814

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Wenqiang Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
Interests: plant functional genomics; plant stress biology; molecular mechanisms of plant response to abiotic stresses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the face of ever-changing environmental conditions, plants have evolved remarkable molecular mechanisms to cope with various stressors. The field of molecular mechanisms of plant stress explores the intricate processes by which plants sense, signal, and respond to adverse conditions. Understanding these molecular mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to enhance plant resilience, improve crop productivity, and ensure global food security in the face of climate change and other environmental challenges.

It is my pleasure to present this Special Issue on Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Stress Adaptation in this esteemed journal. There are a number of research articles in this issue that delve into the molecular processes underlying plant stress adaptation. This area of plant biology will provide us with a better understanding of how plants respond to different environmental stresses, allowing us to develop new strategies for increasing crop resilience and productivity.

The aim of this Special Issue, "Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Stress Adaptation", is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling networks involved in plant stress adaptation. This Special Issue covers a wide range of topics, including hormonal regulation, genetic factors, epigenetic modifications, reactive oxygen species signaling, nutrient sensing, and metabolic adaptations in plants under stress. This issue aims to advance our understanding and foster innovative strategies for improving crop resilience and productivity by exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress adaptation. In order to contribute to understanding molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress adaptation, researchers around the world were invited to submit original research articles, reviews, and perspectives.

Dr. Wenqiang Li
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • plant adaptation
  • environmental stress
  • molecular mechanism
  • genetic improvement
  • stress tolerance

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3655 KiB  
Article
The Mechanism of the Development and Maintenance of Sexual Dimorphism in the Dioecious Mulberry Plant (Morus alba)
by Yisu Shi, Michael Ackah, Frank Kwarteng Amoako, Mengdi Zhao, Grace C. van der Puije and Weiguo Zhao
Biology 2024, 13(8), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13080622 - 15 Aug 2024
Viewed by 745
Abstract
Intersexual differentiation is crucial for the speciation and maintenance of dioecious plants, but the underlying mechanisms, including the genes involved, are still poorly understood. Here, we focused on a typical dioicous plant Morus alba, to explore the molecular footprints relevant to sex [...] Read more.
Intersexual differentiation is crucial for the speciation and maintenance of dioecious plants, but the underlying mechanisms, including the genes involved, are still poorly understood. Here, we focused on a typical dioicous plant Morus alba, to explore the molecular footprints relevant to sex evolution by revealing the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two sexes and the testing signals of selection for these DEGs. From the results, we found a total of 1543 DEGs. Interestingly, 333 and 66 genes expression were detected only in male and female inflorescences, respectively. Using comparative transcriptomics, the expression of 841 genes were found to be significantly higher in male than in female inflorescences and were mainly enriched in defense-related pathways including the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, cutin, suberine and waxes. Meanwhile, the expression of 702 genes was female-biased and largely enriched in pathways related to growth and development, such as carbohydrate metabolism, auxin signaling and cellular responses. In addition, 16.7% and 17.6% signals of selection were significantly detected in female- and male-biased genes, respectively, suggesting their non-negligible role in evolution. Our findings expanded the understanding of the molecular basis of intersexual differentiation and contribute to further research on sex evolution in dioecious plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Stress Adaptation)
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23 pages, 5828 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Glycinebetaine Regulates the Contrasting Responses in Leaf Physiochemical Attributes and Growth of Maize under Drought and Flooding Stresses
by Guo-Yun Wang, Shakeel Ahmad, Bing-Wei Wang, Li-Bo Shi, Yong Wang, Cheng-Qiao Shi and Xun-Bo Zhou
Biology 2024, 13(6), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13060360 - 21 May 2024
Viewed by 966
Abstract
Flooding and drought are the two most devastating natural hazards limiting maize production. Exogenous glycinebetaine (GB), an osmotic adjustment agent, has been extensively used but there is limited research on its role in mitigating the negative effects of different abiotic stresses. This study [...] Read more.
Flooding and drought are the two most devastating natural hazards limiting maize production. Exogenous glycinebetaine (GB), an osmotic adjustment agent, has been extensively used but there is limited research on its role in mitigating the negative effects of different abiotic stresses. This study aims to identify the different roles of GB in regulating the diverse defense regulation of maize against drought and flooding. Hybrids of Yindieyu 9 and Heyu 397 grown in pots in a ventilated greenhouse were subjected to flooding (2–3 cm standing layer) and drought (40–45% field capacity) at the three-leaf stage for 8 d. The effects of different concentrations of foliar GB (0, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mM) on the physiochemical attributes and growth of maize were tested. Greater drought than flooding tolerance in both varieties to combat oxidative stress was associated with higher antioxidant activities and proline content. While flooding decreased superoxide dismutase and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activities and proline content compared to normal water, they all declined with stress duration, leading to a larger reactive oxygen species compared to drought. It was POD under drought stress and ascorbate peroxidase under flooding stress that played crucial roles in tolerating water stress. Foliar GB further enhanced antioxidant ability and contributed more effects to POD to eliminate more hydrogen peroxide than the superoxide anion, promoting growth, especially for leaves under water stress. Furthermore, exogenous GB made a greater increment in Heyu 397 than Yindieyu 9, as well as flooding compared to drought. Overall, a GB concentration of 5.0 mM, with a non-toxic effect on well-watered maize, was determined to be optimal for the effective mitigation of water-stress damage to the physiochemical characteristics and growth of maize. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Stress Adaptation)
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Review

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16 pages, 679 KiB  
Review
Integrated Review of Transcriptomic and Proteomic Studies to Understand Molecular Mechanisms of Rice’s Response to Environmental Stresses
by Naveed Aslam, Qinying Li, Sehrish Bashir, Liuzhen Yuan, Lei Qiao and Wenqiang Li
Biology 2024, 13(9), 659; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13090659 - 25 Aug 2024
Viewed by 966
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is grown nearly worldwide and is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. With the rise in extreme weather and climate events, there is an urgent need to decode the complex mechanisms of rice’s [...] Read more.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is grown nearly worldwide and is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population. With the rise in extreme weather and climate events, there is an urgent need to decode the complex mechanisms of rice’s response to environmental stress and to breed high-yield, high-quality and stress-resistant varieties. Over the past few decades, significant advancements in molecular biology have led to the widespread use of several omics methodologies to study all aspects of plant growth, development and environmental adaptation. Transcriptomics and proteomics have become the most popular techniques used to investigate plants’ stress-responsive mechanisms despite the complexity of the underlying molecular landscapes. This review offers a comprehensive and current summary of how transcriptomics and proteomics together reveal the molecular details of rice’s response to environmental stresses. It also provides a catalog of the current applications of omics in comprehending this imperative crop in relation to stress tolerance improvement and breeding. The evaluation of recent advances in CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing and the application of synthetic biology technologies highlights the possibility of expediting the development of rice cultivars that are resistant to stress and suited to various agroecological environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Stress Adaptation)
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16 pages, 971 KiB  
Review
The Molecular Mechanism of Cold-Stress Tolerance: Cold Responsive Genes and Their Mechanisms in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
by Nida Shahzad, Hafiz Ghulam Nabi, Lei Qiao and Wenqiang Li
Biology 2024, 13(6), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13060442 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1514
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is highly susceptible to temperature fluctuations, which can significantly reduce plant growth and development at different developmental stages, resulting in a dramatic loss of grain yield. Over the past century, substantial efforts have been undertaken to investigate [...] Read more.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) production is highly susceptible to temperature fluctuations, which can significantly reduce plant growth and development at different developmental stages, resulting in a dramatic loss of grain yield. Over the past century, substantial efforts have been undertaken to investigate the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of cold stress tolerance in rice. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent developments and trends in this field. We summarized the previous advancements and methodologies used for identifying cold-responsive genes and the molecular mechanisms of cold tolerance in rice. Integration of new technologies has significantly improved studies in this era, facilitating the identification of essential genes, QTLs, and molecular modules in rice. These findings have accelerated the molecular breeding of cold-resistant rice varieties. In addition, functional genomics, including the investigation of natural variations in alleles and artificially developed mutants, is emerging as an exciting new approach to investigating cold tolerance. Looking ahead, it is imperative for scientists to evaluate the collective impacts of these novel genes to develop rice cultivars resilient to global climate change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Stress Adaptation)
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