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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Advanced Research in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses
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Advanced Research in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology in Human Health and Disease".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2023) | Viewed by 5327

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kulbhushan Sharma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
Interests: DNA damage; autophagy; protein purification; stem cells; gene expression SARS-CoV-2; SARS-CoV; inflammation
Prof. Dr. Sunil Kumar Lal

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
Interests: SARS-CoV-2; virus
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

SARS-CoV-2 has come as a big surprise for human beings and has also conveyed the importance of strategies against pathogenic microbes. With the continuous evolution of micro-organisms, especially viruses, the targeting strategies counteracting their pathogenesis in living beings also needs advancement. In this Special Issue, we primarily plan to focus on the advanced and potent strategies to neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as to reduce its replication after infection. These strategies will cover identification of novel targets for anti-viral therapies and will thus include understanding of the host–viral interactions. Additionally, to block the viral replications, studies targeting viral proteases and RNA polymerases will be covered. Strategies targeting enzymes and processes helping viral release from the infected cells will also be of interest. In addition to the viral entry and amplification, the management of the host reaction to the infection leading to hyper-inflammatory condition is quite important, and, thus, will be another major focus of this Special Issue. We will cover anti-inflammatory strategy including cytokine inhibitors, steroid treatments, and novel targets based on signaling pathways. Similar approaches for other emerging viruses which pose a potential threat to mankind in the near future will also be covered.

Dr. Kulbhushan Sharma
Prof. Dr. Sunil Kumar Lal
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • SARS-CoV-2
  • inflammation
  • host-pathogen interaction
  • steroids
  • protease-inhibitors
  • viral-replication
  • anti-virals

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 4394 KiB  
Article
Vero CCL-81 and Calu-3 Cell Lines as Alternative Hosts for Isolation and Propagation of SARS-CoV-2 Isolated in Malaysia
by Siti Nur Zawani Rosli, Sitti Rahmawati Dimeng, Farah Shamsuddin, Mohammad Ridhuan Mohd Ali, Nur Afrina Muhamad Hendri, Jeyanthi Suppiah, Rozainanee Mohd Zain, Ravindran Thayan and Norazah Ahmad
Biomedicines 2023, 11(6), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061658 - 7 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1944
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the etiologic agent for the pneumonia outbreak that started in early December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. To date, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused almost 6 million deaths worldwide. The [...] Read more.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the etiologic agent for the pneumonia outbreak that started in early December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. To date, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has caused almost 6 million deaths worldwide. The ability to propagate the virus into a customizable volume will enable better research on COVID-19 therapy, vaccine development, and many others. In the search for the most efficient replication host, we inoculated three (3) local SARS-CoV-2 isolates of different lineages (Clade L/Lineage B Wuhan, Clade GR/Lineage B.1.1.354, and Clade O/Lineage B.6.2) into various clinically important mammalian cell lines. The replication profile of these isolates was evaluated based on the formation of cytopathic effects (CPE), viral load (Ct value and plaque-forming unit (pfu)), as well as observation by electron microscopy (EM). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was performed to examine the genomic stability of the propagated SARS-CoV-2 in these cell lines. Our study found that Vero E6 and Vero CCL-81 cell lines posed similar capacities in propagating the local isolates, with Vero CCL-81 demonstrating exceptional potency in conserving the genomic stability of the Lineage B Wuhan isolate. In addition, our study demonstrated the utility of Calu-3 cells as a replication host for SARS-CoV-2 without causing substantial cellular senescence. In conclusion, this study provides crucial information on the growth profile of Malaysian SARS-CoV-2 in various mammalian cell lines and thus will be a great source of reference for better isolation and propagation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus isolated in Malaysia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses)
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13 pages, 1402 KiB  
Article
Comparative Analysis of Clinical and CT Findings in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Original Strain, Delta and Omicron Variants
by Xiaoyu Han, Jingze Chen, Lu Chen, Xi Jia, Yanqing Fan, Yuting Zheng, Osamah Alwalid, Jie Liu, Yumin Li, Na Li, Jin Gu, Jiangtao Wang and Heshui Shi
Biomedicines 2023, 11(3), 901; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11030901 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1465
Abstract
Objectives: To compare the clinical characteristics and chest CT findings of patients infected with Omicron and Delta variants and the original strain of COVID-19. Methods: A total of 503 patients infected with the original strain (245 cases), Delta variant (90 cases), and Omicron [...] Read more.
Objectives: To compare the clinical characteristics and chest CT findings of patients infected with Omicron and Delta variants and the original strain of COVID-19. Methods: A total of 503 patients infected with the original strain (245 cases), Delta variant (90 cases), and Omicron variant (168 cases) were retrospectively analyzed. The differences in clinical severity and chest CT findings were analyzed. We also compared the infection severity of patients with different vaccination statuses and quantified pneumonia by a deep-learning approach. Results: The rate of severe disease decreased significantly from the original strain to the Delta variant and Omicron variant (27% vs. 10% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.001). In the Omicron group, 44% (73/168) of CT scans were categorized as abnormal compared with 81% (73/90) in the Delta group and 96% (235/245, p < 0.05) in the original group. Trends of a gradual decrease in total CT score, lesion volume, and lesion CT value of AI evaluation were observed across the groups (p < 0.001 for all). Omicron patients who received the booster vaccine had less clinical severity (p = 0.015) and lower lung involvement rate than those without the booster vaccine (36% vs. 57%, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Compared with the original strain and Delta variant, the Omicron variant had less clinical severity and less lung injury on CT scans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses)
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Review

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15 pages, 1387 KiB  
Review
Risk Factors for Long COVID in Older Adults
by Yunguang Hu, Yifan Liu, Huiwen Zheng and Longding Liu
Biomedicines 2023, 11(11), 3002; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11113002 - 8 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
As time has passed following the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 have gradually exhibited a variety of symptoms associated with long COVID in the postacute phase of infection. Simultaneously, in many countries worldwide, the process of population aging has been accelerating. Within [...] Read more.
As time has passed following the COVID-19 pandemic, individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 have gradually exhibited a variety of symptoms associated with long COVID in the postacute phase of infection. Simultaneously, in many countries worldwide, the process of population aging has been accelerating. Within this context, the elderly population has not only become susceptible and high-risk during the acute phase of COVID-19 but also has considerable risks when confronting long COVID. Elderly individuals possess specific immunological backgrounds, and during the process of aging, their immune systems can enter a state known as “immunosenescence”. This further exacerbates “inflammaging” and the development of various comorbidities in elderly individuals, rendering them more susceptible to long COVID. Additionally, long COVID can inflict both physical and mental harm upon elderly people, thereby reducing their overall quality of life. Consequently, the impact of long COVID on elderly people should not be underestimated. This review seeks to summarize the infection characteristics and intrinsic factors of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the physical and mental impact of long COVID. Additionally, it aims to explore potential strategies to mitigate the risk of long COVID or other emerging infectious diseases among older adults in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Research in SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses)
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