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Biomedicines
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Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration
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Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering and Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 17634

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Lars-Peter Kamolz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
2. COREMED—Cooperative Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Joanneum Research GmbH, Neue Stiftingtal Str., 2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: plastic surgery; burn care; tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; wound healing; outcome measures; high-impact leadership; circular economy; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomaterials serve as an integral component of tissue engineering. They are designed to provide an architectural framework that allows for cell growth and tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to the regeneration of functional human tissues. Despite the fact that the body has intrinsic self-healing properties, the extent of repair varies amongst different tissues, and may also be undermined by the severity of injury or disease.

The classic paradigm relies on a combination of biomaterial scaffolds, cells, and bioactive molecules to orchestrate tissue formation and integration within the host environment. An important avenue of tissue engineering is the development of biomaterials that can promote regenerative processes by effectively transporting cell populations and therapeutic agents, as well as providing a structural scaffolding that confers sufficient mechanical properties to tissues. Among a multitude of applications, tissues, such as bone and cartilage, skin and others, have garnered substantial interest from researchers and clinicians. Defects associated with these regions are quite prevalent in society and contribute to a diminished quality of life.

Over the years, many different processing techniques and scaffold designs have been extensively explored and have led to notable improvements in the quality of tissue engineered constructs. This Special Issue welcomes articles that discuss advances in tissue engineering. It is open for basic to clinical research as well as multi-disciplinary approaches.

We cordially invite authors to contribute original research articles or reviews that are focused on, but not limited to, the following:

  • The use of biomaterials in burn care.
  • Regenerative technologies: future trends.
  • Tissue engineering and regenerative technologies in wound care.
  • Biomaterials for bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
  • Functional biomaterials for tissue engineering and regeneration.

Prof. Dr. Lars-Peter Kamolz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • scaffold
  • regeneration
  • cell growth
  • biomarker
  • tissue engineering
  • autoregeneration
  • bioprinting, 3D printing
  • wound healing

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 3654 KiB  
Article
Coefficient of Friction and Height Loss: Two Criteria Used to Determine the Mechanical Property and Stability of Regenerated Versus Natural Articular Cartilage
by Markus L. Schwarz, Gregor Reisig, Barbara Schneider-Wald, Christel Weiß, Luisa Hauk and Andy Schütte
Biomedicines 2022, 10(11), 2685; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112685 - 24 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1950
Abstract
Background: The coefficient of friction (CoF) serves as an indicator for the mechanical properties of natural and regenerated articular cartilage (AC). After tribological exposure, a height loss (HL) of the cartilage pair specimens can be measured. Our aim was to determine the CoF [...] Read more.
Background: The coefficient of friction (CoF) serves as an indicator for the mechanical properties of natural and regenerated articular cartilage (AC). After tribological exposure, a height loss (HL) of the cartilage pair specimens can be measured. Our aim was to determine the CoF and HL of regenerated AC tissue and compare them with those of natural AC from non-operated joints and AC from joints where the regenerated tissues had been created after different treatments. Methods: In partial-thickness defects of the trochleae of the stifle joints of 60 Göttingen Minipigs, regenerated AC was created. In total, 40 animals received a Col I matrix, 20 laden with autologous chondrocytes, and 20 without. The defects of 20 animals were left empty. The healing periods were 24 and 48 weeks. A total of 10 not-operated animals, delivered the “external” control specimens. Osteochondral pins were harvested from defect and non-defect areas, the latter serving as “internal” controls. Using a pin-on-plate tribometer, we measured the CoF and the HL. Results: The CoF of the regenerated AC ranged from 0.039 to 0.069, and the HL, from 0.22 mm to 0.33 mm. The differences between the regenerated AC of the six groups and the “external” controls were significant. The comparison with the “internal” controls revealed four significant differences for the CoF and one for the HL in the operated groups. No differences were seen within the operated groups. Conclusions: The mechanical quality of the regenerated AC tissue showed inferior behavior with regard to the CoF and HL in comparison with natural AC. The comparison of regenerated AC tissue with AC from untreated joints was more promising than with AC from the treated joints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration)
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13 pages, 1932 KiB  
Article
Optical Behavior of Human Skin Substitutes: Absorbance in the 200–400 nm UV Range
by Javier Ruiz-López, Juan C. Cardona, Ingrid Garzón, María M. Pérez, Miguel Alaminos, Jesus Chato-Astrain and Ana M. Ionescu
Biomedicines 2022, 10(7), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071640 - 8 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2116
Abstract
The most recent generation of bioengineered human skin allows for the efficient treatment of patients with severe skin defects. Despite UV sunlight can seriously affect human skin, the optical behavior in the UV range of skin models is still unexplored. In the present [...] Read more.
The most recent generation of bioengineered human skin allows for the efficient treatment of patients with severe skin defects. Despite UV sunlight can seriously affect human skin, the optical behavior in the UV range of skin models is still unexplored. In the present study, absorbance and transmittance of the UGRSKIN bioartificial skin substitute generated with human skin cells combined with fibrin-agarose biomaterials were evaluated for: UV-C (200–280 nm), -B (280–315 nm), and -A (315–400 nm) spectral range after 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of ex vivo development. The epidermis of the bioartificial skin substitute was able to mature and differentiate in a time-dependent manner, expressing relevant molecules able to absorb most of the incoming UV radiation. Absorbance spectral behavior of the skin substitutes showed similar patterns to control native skin (VAF > 99.4%), with values 0.85–0.90 times lower than control values at 7 and 14- days and 1.05–1.10 times the control values at 21- and 28-days. UV absorbance increased, and UV transmission decreased with culture time, and comparable results to the control were found at 21 and 28 days. These findings support the use of samples corresponding to 21 or 28 days of development for clinical purposes due to their higher histological similarities with native skin, but also because of their absorbance of UV radiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration)
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16 pages, 4147 KiB  
Article
Hypoxia Preconditioned Serum (HPS) Promotes Osteoblast Proliferation, Migration and Matrix Deposition
by Jun Jiang, Lynn Röper, Sarah Alageel, Ulf Dornseifer, Arndt F. Schilling, Ektoras Hadjipanayi, Hans-Günther Machens and Philipp Moog
Biomedicines 2022, 10(7), 1631; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071631 - 7 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1989
Abstract
Interest in discovering new methods of employing natural growth factor preparations to promote bone fracture healing is becoming increasingly popular in the field of regenerative medicine. In this study, we were able to demonstrate the osteogenic potential of hypoxia preconditioned serum (HPS) on [...] Read more.
Interest in discovering new methods of employing natural growth factor preparations to promote bone fracture healing is becoming increasingly popular in the field of regenerative medicine. In this study, we were able to demonstrate the osteogenic potential of hypoxia preconditioned serum (HPS) on human osteoblasts in vitro. Human osteoblasts were stimulated with two HPS concentrations (10% and 40%) and subsequently analyzed at time points of days 2 and 4. In comparison to controls, a time- and dose-dependent (up to 14.2× higher) proliferation of osteoblasts was observed after 4 days of HPS-40% stimulation with lower lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-levels detected than controls, indicating the absence of cytotoxic/stress effects of HPS on human osteoblasts. With regards to cell migration, it was found to be significantly faster with HPS-10% application after 72 h in comparison to controls. Further osteogenic response to HPS treatment was evaluated by employing culture supernatant analysis, which exhibited significant upregulation of OPG (Osteoprotegerin) with higher dosage (HPS-10% vs. HPS-40%) and longer duration (2 d vs. 4 d) of HPS stimulation. There was no detection of anti-osteogenic sRANKL (soluble Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand) after 4 days of HPS stimulation. In addition, ALP (alkaline phosphatase)-enzyme activity, was found to be upregulated, dose-dependently, after 4 days of HPS-40% application. When assessing ossification through Alizarin-Red staining, HPS dose-dependently achieved greater (up to 2.8× higher) extracellular deposition of calcium-phosphate with HPS-40% in comparison to controls. These findings indicate that HPS holds the potential to accelerate bone regeneration by osteogenic promotion of human osteoblasts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration)
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22 pages, 3381 KiB  
Article
Viability and Functionality of Neonatal Porcine Islet-like Cell Clusters Bioprinted in Alginate-Based Bioinks
by Sarah Duin, Shreya Bhandarkar, Susann Lehmann, Elisabeth Kemter, Eckhard Wolf, Michael Gelinsky, Barbara Ludwig and Anja Lode
Biomedicines 2022, 10(6), 1420; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061420 - 15 Jun 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2438
Abstract
The transplantation of pancreatic islets can prevent severe long-term complications in diabetes mellitus type 1 patients. With respect to a shortage of donor organs, the transplantation of xenogeneic islets is highly attractive. To avoid rejection, islets can be encapsulated in immuno-protective hydrogel-macrocapsules, whereby [...] Read more.
The transplantation of pancreatic islets can prevent severe long-term complications in diabetes mellitus type 1 patients. With respect to a shortage of donor organs, the transplantation of xenogeneic islets is highly attractive. To avoid rejection, islets can be encapsulated in immuno-protective hydrogel-macrocapsules, whereby 3D bioprinted structures with macropores allow for a high surface-to-volume ratio and reduced diffusion distances. In the present study, we applied 3D bioprinting to encapsulate the potentially clinically applicable neonatal porcine islet-like cell clusters (NICC) in alginate-methylcellulose. The material was additionally supplemented with bovine serum albumin or the human blood plasma derivatives platelet lysate and fresh frozen plasma. NICC were analysed for viability, proliferation, the presence of hormones, and the release of insulin in reaction to glucose stimulation. Bioprinted NICC are homogeneously distributed, remain morphologically intact, and show a comparable viability and proliferation to control NICC. The number of insulin-positive cells is comparable between the groups and over time. The amount of insulin release increases over time and is released in response to glucose stimulation over 4 weeks. In summary, we show the successful bioprinting of NICC and could demonstrate functionality over the long-term in vitro. Supplementation resulted in a trend for higher viability, but no additional benefit on functionality was observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration)
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16 pages, 6096 KiB  
Article
Orchestrating the Dermal/Epidermal Tissue Ratio during Wound Healing by Controlling the Moisture Content
by Alexandru-Cristian Tuca, Ives Bernardelli de Mattos, Martin Funk, Raimund Winter, Alen Palackic, Florian Groeber-Becker, Daniel Kruse, Fabian Kukla, Thomas Lemarchand and Lars-Peter Kamolz
Biomedicines 2022, 10(6), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10061286 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2957
Abstract
A balanced and moist wound environment and surface increases the effect of various growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, stimulating cell growth and wound healing. Considering this fact, we tested in vitro and in vivo water evaporation rates from the cellulose dressing epicitehydro [...] Read more.
A balanced and moist wound environment and surface increases the effect of various growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines, stimulating cell growth and wound healing. Considering this fact, we tested in vitro and in vivo water evaporation rates from the cellulose dressing epicitehydro when combined with different secondary dressings as well as the resulting wound healing efficacy in a porcine donor site model. The aim of this study was to evaluate how the different rates of water evaporation affected wound healing efficacy. To this end, epicitehydro primary dressing, in combination with different secondary dressing materials (cotton gauze, JELONET◊, AQUACEL® Extra ™, and OPSITE◊ Flexifix), was placed on 3 × 3 cm-sized dermatome wounds with a depth of 1.2 mm on the flanks of domestic pigs. The healing process was analyzed histologically and quantified by morphometry. High water evaporation rates by using the correct secondary dressing, such as cotton gauze, favored a better re-epithelialization in comparison with the low water evaporation resulting from an occlusive secondary dressing, which favored the formation of a new and intact dermal tissue that nearly fully replaced all the dermis that was removed during wounding. This newly available evidence may be of great benefit to clinical wound management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration)
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Review

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18 pages, 685 KiB  
Review
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Tissue Regeneration: A Literature Survey
by J. Lindenmann, L. Kamolz, W. Graier, J. Smolle and F.-M. Smolle-Juettner
Biomedicines 2022, 10(12), 3145; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10123145 - 6 Dec 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5166
Abstract
By addressing the mechanisms involved in transcription, signaling, stress reaction, apoptosis and cell-death, cellular structure and cell-to-cell contacts, adhesion, migration as well as inflammation; HBO upregulates processes involved in repair while mechanisms perpetuating tissue damage are downregulated. Many experimental and clinical studies, respectively, [...] Read more.
By addressing the mechanisms involved in transcription, signaling, stress reaction, apoptosis and cell-death, cellular structure and cell-to-cell contacts, adhesion, migration as well as inflammation; HBO upregulates processes involved in repair while mechanisms perpetuating tissue damage are downregulated. Many experimental and clinical studies, respectively, cover wound healing, regeneration of neural tissue, of bone and cartilage, muscle, and cardiac tissue as well as intestinal barrier function. Following acute injury or in chronic healing problems HBO modulates proteins or molecules involved in inflammation, apoptosis, cell growth, neuro- and angiogenesis, scaffolding, perfusion, vascularization, and stem-cell mobilization, initiating repair by a variety of mechanisms, some of them based on the modulation of micro-RNAs. HBO affects the oxidative stress response via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) or c-Jun N-terminal peptide and downregulates inflammation by the modulation of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB-1), toll-like receptor 4 and 2 (TLR-4, TLR-2), nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α) and nitric oxide (NO•). HBO enhances stem-cell homeostasis via Wnt glycoproteins and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and improves cell repair, growth, and differentiation via the two latter but also by modulation of extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK) and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway. The HBO-induced downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9 (MMP-2/-9), rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and integrins improve healing by tissue remodeling. Interestingly, the action of HBO on single effector proteins or molecules may involve both up- or downregulation, respectively, depending on their initial level. This probably mirrors a generally stabilizing potential of HBO that tends to restore the physiological balance rather than enhancing or counteracting single mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Researches on Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Tissue Regeneration)
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