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Biomedicines
Special Issues
Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammation
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Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammation

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 11733

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andreas Spittler

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Guest Editor
Department of Surgery and Core Facility Flow Cytometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
Interests: sepsis immunology; inflammation; monocytes; immunoglobulins; extracellular vesicles; flow cytometry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Wolfgang Holnthoner

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, 1200 Vienna, Austria
Interests: angiogenesis; lymphangiogenesis; tissue engineering; extracellular vesicles in the vasculature
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Viktoria Weber

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department for Biomedical Research, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
Interests: extracellular vesicles; sepsis; inflammation; extracorporeal therapies; blood–biomaterial interface; blood compatibility
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cells need to communicate with each other to exchange information and to fulfill their physiological roles. In addition to direct contact from cell to cell and exchange of soluble factors, there is a third method of information transfer that has received a lot of attention recently—extracellular vesicles (EVs). These vesicles in the nanometer range are responsible for the exchange of small and large molecules between cells and tissues and affect our bodies in a variety of ways.

For the Special Issue “Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammation”, we accept both reviews and original articles. Reviews should provide a state-of-the-art overview of extracellular vesicles in the context of inflammation and may also highlight new approaches to enrich and characterize extracellular vesicles from biological fluids. Original Articles should address the pathophysiology of extracellular vesicles in experimental cell culture environments as well as in clinical practice, including new findings on the use of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers, and on new therapeutic strategies.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in International Journal of Molecular Sciences.

Dr. Andreas Spittler
Dr. Wolfgang Holnthoner
Prof. Dr. Viktoria Weber
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles
  • inflammation
  • immunomodulation
  • coagulation
  • intercellular communication
  • flow cytometry

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1774 KiB  
Article
Small Extracellular Vesicle Enrichment of a Retrotransposon-Derived Double-Stranded RNA: A Means to Avoid Autoinflammation?
by Marilou H. Barrios, Alexandra L. Garnham, Andrew D. Foers, Lesley Cheng-Sim, Seth L. Masters and Ken C. Pang
Biomedicines 2021, 9(9), 1136; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9091136 - 1 Sep 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2953
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) such as exosomes are released by multiple cell types. Originally believed to be a mechanism for selectively removing unwanted cellular components, SEVs have received increased attention in recent years for their ability to mediate intercellular communication. Apart from proteins [...] Read more.
Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) such as exosomes are released by multiple cell types. Originally believed to be a mechanism for selectively removing unwanted cellular components, SEVs have received increased attention in recent years for their ability to mediate intercellular communication. Apart from proteins and lipids, SEVs contain RNAs, but how RNAs are selectively loaded into SEVs remains poorly understood. To address this question, we profiled SEV RNAs from mouse dendritic cells using RNA-Seq and identified a long noncoding RNA of retroviral origin, VL30, which is highly enriched (>200-fold) in SEVs compared to parental cells. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that exosome-enriched isoforms of VL30 RNA contain a repetitive 26-nucleotide motif. This repeated motif is itself efficiently incorporated into SEVs, suggesting the likelihood that it directly promotes SEV loading. RNA folding analyses indicate that the motif is likely to form a long double-stranded RNA hairpin and, consistent with this, its overexpression was associated with induction of a potent type I interferon response. Taken together, we propose that preferential loading into SEVs of the VL30 RNA containing this immunostimulatory motif enables cells to remove a potentially toxic RNA and avoid autoinflammation. In this way, the original notion of SEVs as a cellular garbage bin should not be entirely discounted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammation)
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15 pages, 4699 KiB  
Article
Profiling Inflammatory Extracellular Vesicles in Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid: An Optimized Diagnostic Model for Parkinson’s Disease
by Elena Vacchi, Jacopo Burrello, Alessio Burrello, Sara Bolis, Silvia Monticone, Lucio Barile, Alain Kaelin-Lang and Giorgia Melli
Biomedicines 2021, 9(3), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9030230 - 25 Feb 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3630
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a central role in intercellular communication, which is relevant for inflammatory and immune processes implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD). We characterized and compared distinctive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-derived EVs in PD and atypical parkinsonisms (AP), aiming [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a central role in intercellular communication, which is relevant for inflammatory and immune processes implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s Disease (PD). We characterized and compared distinctive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-derived EVs in PD and atypical parkinsonisms (AP), aiming to integrate a diagnostic model based on immune profiling of plasma-derived EVs via artificial intelligence. Plasma- and CSF-derived EVs were isolated from patients with PD, multiple system atrophy (MSA), AP with tauopathies (AP-Tau), and healthy controls. Expression levels of 37 EV surface markers were measured by a flow cytometric bead-based platform and a diagnostic model based on expression of EV surface markers was built by supervised learning algorithms. The PD group showed higher amount of CSF-derived EVs than other groups. Among the 17 EV surface markers differentially expressed in plasma, eight were expressed also in CSF of a subgroup of PD, 10 in MSA, and 6 in AP-Tau. A two-level random forest model was built using EV markers co-expressed in plasma and CSF. The model discriminated PD from non-PD patients with high sensitivity (96.6%) and accuracy (92.6%). EV surface marker characterization bolsters the relevance of inflammation in PD and it underscores the role of EVs as pathways/biomarkers for protein aggregation-related neurodegenerative diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammation)
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Review

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15 pages, 1836 KiB  
Review
Extracellular Vesicles in Innate Immune Cell Programming
by Naveed Akbar, Daan Paget and Robin P. Choudhury
Biomedicines 2021, 9(7), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070713 - 23 Jun 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4440
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a heterogeneous group of bilipid-enclosed envelopes that carry proteins, metabolites, RNA, DNA and lipids from their parent cell of origin. They mediate cellular communication to other cells in local tissue microenvironments and across organ systems. EV size, number and [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a heterogeneous group of bilipid-enclosed envelopes that carry proteins, metabolites, RNA, DNA and lipids from their parent cell of origin. They mediate cellular communication to other cells in local tissue microenvironments and across organ systems. EV size, number and their biologically active cargo are often altered in response to pathological processes, including infection, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and in response to metabolic perturbations such as obesity and diabetes, which also have a strong inflammatory component. Here, we discuss the broad repertoire of EV produced by neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, their precursor hematopoietic stem cells and discuss their effects on the innate immune system. We seek to understand the immunomodulatory properties of EV in cellular programming, which impacts innate immune cell differentiation and function. We further explore the possibilities of using EV as immune targeting vectors, for the modulation of the innate immune response, e.g., for tissue preservation during sterile injury such as myocardial infarction or to promote tissue resolution of inflammation and potentially tissue regeneration and repair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammation)
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