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Brain Sciences
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Advancements in Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke and Cerebral Aneurysms:...
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Advancements in Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke and Cerebral Aneurysms: A Call for Innovative Research Submissions

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurorehabilitation".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 March 2025 | Viewed by 2403

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sherief Ghozy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Neuroradiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
2. Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences and Department for Continuing Education (EBHC program), Oxford University, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
Interests: neuroendovascular research; interventional neurology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ram Kadirvel

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
Interests: cerebral aneurysms; thrombolysis resistance in acute ischemic stroke (AIS); arteriovenous malformations
Dr. Ajay Malhotra

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
Interests: neuroradiology; comparative-effectiveness

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a Special Issue of Brain Sciences dedicated to the latest advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of stroke and cerebral aneurysms. This Special Issue aims to gather cutting-edge research, comprehensive reviews, and insightful clinical studies that explore innovative approaches and emerging technologies in these critical areas of neurovascular health.

Stroke and cerebral aneurysms continue to pose significant challenges to healthcare providers and researchers worldwide. With this Special Issue, we seek to highlight groundbreaking research that enhances our understanding of the pathophysiology, improves diagnostic accuracy, and offers novel therapeutic strategies for these conditions.

We invite submissions that cover a wide range of topics, including but not limited to, the following:

  • Advanced imaging techniques for early and accurate diagnosis;
  • Minimally invasive surgical and endovascular interventions;
  • Pharmacological innovations and neuroprotective strategies;
  • Rehabilitation approaches and long-term outcome assessments;
  • Epidemiological studies and population health insights;
  • Case studies and clinical trials showcasing successful interventions.

We welcome all types of original research, including clinical trials, experimental studies, and translational research. Additionally, we encourage the submission of secondary research such as systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and narrative reviews. By bringing together diverse perspectives and expertise, this Special Issue aims to foster collaboration and inspire new directions in the research and treatment of stroke and cerebral aneurysms.

Submit your manuscript today and be part of this comprehensive collection that will serve as a valuable resource for the neurovascular community.

Dr. Sherief Ghozy
Dr. Ram Kadirvel
Dr. Ajay Malhotra
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • stroke
  • cerebral aneurysms
  • minimally invasive surgical
  • imaging
  • neurovascular

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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11 pages, 222 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Obesity Paradox in All Subtypes of Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of 13,000 Patients
by Helen Ng, Ellen N. Huhulea, Ankita Jain, Michael Fortunato, Galadu Subah, Ariel Sacknovitz, Eris Spirollari, Jon B. Rosenberg, Andrew Bauerschmidt, Stephan A. Mayer, Chirag D. Gandhi and Fawaz Al-Mufti
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(12), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14121200 - 28 Nov 2024
Viewed by 462
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Recent studies reveal an “obesity paradox”, suggesting better clinical outcomes after intracranial hemorrhage for obese patients compared to patients with a healthy BMI. While this paradox indicates improved survival rates for obese individuals in stroke cases, it is unknown whether this trend [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Recent studies reveal an “obesity paradox”, suggesting better clinical outcomes after intracranial hemorrhage for obese patients compared to patients with a healthy BMI. While this paradox indicates improved survival rates for obese individuals in stroke cases, it is unknown whether this trend remains true across all forms of intracranial hemorrhage. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of hospitalized obese patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried for data from 2015 to 2019 to identify adult patients aged 18 years and older with a primary diagnosis of non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. Using International Classification of Disease 10th Edition codes, patients were stratified by BMI categories: healthy weight, overweight, class I–II obesity, and class III obesity. The cohorts were examined for demographic characteristics, comorbidities, stroke severity, inpatient complications, interventions, and clinical outcomes, including length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and inpatient mortality. Results: Of 41,960 intracranial hemorrhage patients identified, 13,380 (33.0%) also had an obese BMI. Class I–II obese intracranial hemorrhage patients were more likely to be of white race (OR: 1.101, 95% CI: 1.052, 1.152, p < 0.001), less likely to be female (OR: 0.773, 95% CI: 0.740, 0.808, p < 0.001), and more likely to have diabetes mellitus (OR: 1.545, 95% CI: 1.477, 1.616, p < 0.001) and hypertension (OR: 1.828, 95% CI: 1.721, 1.943, p < 0.001) in comparison to healthy-weight patients. In a matched cohort analysis adjusting for demographics and severity, intracranial hemorrhage patients with class I–II obesity had a shorter length of stay (LOS) (OR 0.402, 95% CI: 0.118, 0.705, p < 0.001), reduced inpatient mortality (OR 0.847, 95% CI: 0.798, 0.898, p < 0.001), and more favorable discharge disposition (OR 1.395, 95% CI: 1.321, 1.474, p < 0.001) compared to their healthy-weight counterparts. Furthermore, these patients were less likely to require decompressive hemicraniectomy (OR 0.697, 95% CI: 0.593, 0.820, p < 0.001). Following an analysis of individual ICH subtypes, obese subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients demonstrated reduced mortality (OR: 0.692, 95% CI: 0.577–0.831, p < 0.001) and LOS (OR: 0.070, 95% CI: 0.466–0.660, p = 0.039), with no differences in discharge disposition. Similarly, intracerebral hemorrhage patients demonstrated reduced mortality (OR: 0.891, 95% CI: 0.827–0.959, p = 0.002) and LOS (OR: 0.480, 95% CI: 0.216–0.743, p < 0.001). Other ICH subtypes showed improved discharge outcomes (OR: 1.504, 95% CI: 1.368–1.654, p < 0.001), along with decreased mortality (OR: 0.805, 95% CI: 0.715–0.907, p < 0.001) and LOS (OR: −10.313, 95% CI: −3.599 to −2.449, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Intracranial hemorrhage patients with class I–II obesity exhibited more favorable clinical outcomes than those who were of a healthy weight or overweight. Despite its association with risk factors contributing to intracranial hemorrhage, class I–II obesity was associated with improved outcomes, lending support to the existence of the obesity paradox in stroke. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke and Cerebral Aneurysms: A Call for Innovative Research Submissions)

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11 pages, 385 KiB  
Systematic Review
Current Stroke Solutions Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review of the Literature
by Omar M. Al-Janabi, Amro El Refaei, Tasnim Elgazzar, Yamama M. Mahmood, Danah Bakir, Aryan Gajjar, Aysha Alateya, Saroj Kumar Jha, Sherief Ghozy, David F. Kallmes and Waleed Brinjikji
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(12), 1182; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14121182 - 26 Nov 2024
Viewed by 899
Abstract
Introduction: In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool for enhancing stroke diagnosis, aiding treatment decision making, and improving overall patient care. Leading AI-driven platforms such as RapidAI, Brainomix®, and Viz.ai have been developed to assist healthcare [...] Read more.
Introduction: In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool for enhancing stroke diagnosis, aiding treatment decision making, and improving overall patient care. Leading AI-driven platforms such as RapidAI, Brainomix®, and Viz.ai have been developed to assist healthcare professionals in the swift and accurate assessment of stroke patients. Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Characteristic descriptive measures were gathered as appropriate from all included studies, including the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and comparison of the available tools. Results: A total of 31 studies were included, of which 29 studies focused on detecting acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or large vessel occlusions (LVOs), and 2 studies focused on hemorrhagic strokes. The four main tools used were Viz.ai, RapidAI, Brainomix®, and deep learning modules. Conclusions: AI tools in the treatment of stroke have demonstrated usefulness for diagnosing different stroke types, providing high levels of accuracy and helping to make quicker and more precise clinical judgments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke and Cerebral Aneurysms: A Call for Innovative Research Submissions)
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4 pages, 5963 KiB  
Interesting Images
Coanda Effect Displayed in a Giant Intracranial Aneurysm
by Corneliu Toader, Petrinel Mugurel Rădoi, Ghaith Saleh R. Aljboor, Luca-Andrei Glavan, Razvan-Adrian Covache-Busuioc, Milena-Monica Ilie and Alexandru Vlad Ciurea
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(9), 897; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14090897 - 5 Sep 2024
Viewed by 683
Abstract
The Coanda effect is a fluid dynamics phenomenon in which a fluid jet adheres to a convex or flat surface. This effect occurs when a liquid or gas jet emerging from an orifice clings to an adjacent surface and entrains the surrounding fluid, [...] Read more.
The Coanda effect is a fluid dynamics phenomenon in which a fluid jet adheres to a convex or flat surface. This effect occurs when a liquid or gas jet emerging from an orifice clings to an adjacent surface and entrains the surrounding fluid, creating a lower-pressure region along its path that maintains its attachment to the surface. The Coanda effect accounts for the behavior of blood flow in the fetal right atrium and the dispersion of eccentric mitral regurgitation jets along atrial walls. This series of interesting images depicting a large 4 × 3.75 cm saccular intracranial aneurysm suggests that the Coanda effect may play a role in the pathophysiology of intracranial aneurysms and could be an underlying factor in their formation, progression, or rupture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Diagnosis and Treatment of Stroke and Cerebral Aneurysms: A Call for Innovative Research Submissions)
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