Neuronal Effects of L2 Speech Perception and Second Language Acquisition

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurolinguistics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 November 2024 | Viewed by 3089

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Linguistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-5454, USA
Interests: experimental phonetics; cross-linguistic speech perception; lexical tone processing and acquisition

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Speech perception in second language (L2) acquisition has been a topic of intrigue for decades, underpinned by seminal findings on bilingual brain plasticity and the debated Critical Period Hypothesis. Advances in neuroimaging have illuminated how our brains process non-native phonetic contrasts, elucidating structural differences in bilingual brains and distinguishing between early and late L2 learners.

This Special Issue aims to explore the intricacies of the neural underpinnings of L2 speech perception; its interactions with the quality and quantity of input, proficiency, naturalistic versus classroom exposure, laboratory training, etc.; and the influences of first language (L1) segmental and prosodic systems. We seek to understand not just how L2 speech sounds are processed but also how they integrate and interact with native language structures.

Recent advancements in the field have utilized High-Variability Phonetic Training (HVPT) to refine the phonetic discrimination skills of L2 learners. Through using cutting edge imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging, researchers have been able to map the white matter tracts pivotal to L2 speech perception. Concurrently, as the realm of neuromodulation expands, there is a growing interest in harnessing techniques like Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to elucidate the involvement of motor regions in the brain during the perception of non-native speech.

We invite contributions that focus on the neurocognitive effects of L2 speech perception. Papers examining the role of individual differences, encompassing factors such as age, proficiency, input quality and quantity, laboratory training, cognitive abilities, etc., are particularly welcome. We also encourage submissions that employ multimodal approaches, merging neuroimaging with techniques like eye-tracking, as well as studies that explore the intricacies of multilingual speech perception through computer modeling.

Dr. Ratree Wayland
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • L2
  • speech
  • perception
  • processing
  • neuronal effects
  • age
  • exposure
  • input

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3145 KiB  
Article
Lenition in L2 Spanish: The Impact of Study Abroad on Phonological Acquisition
by Ratree Wayland, Rachel Meyer, Sophia Vellozzi and Kevin Tang
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(9), 946; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14090946 - 21 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1021
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the degrees of lenition, or consonantal weakening, in the production of Spanish stop consonants by native English speakers during a study abroad (SA) program. Lenition is a key phonological process in Spanish, where voiced stops (/b/, /d/, /ɡ/) typically [...] Read more.
Objective: This study investigated the degrees of lenition, or consonantal weakening, in the production of Spanish stop consonants by native English speakers during a study abroad (SA) program. Lenition is a key phonological process in Spanish, where voiced stops (/b/, /d/, /ɡ/) typically weaken to fricatives or approximants in specific phonetic environments. For L2 learners, mastering this subtle process is essential for achieving native-like pronunciation. Methods: To assess the learners’ progress in acquiring lenition, we employed Phonet, a deep learning model. Unlike traditional quantitative acoustic methods that focus on measuring the physical properties of speech sounds, Phonet utilizes recurrent neural networks to predict the posterior probabilities of phonological features, particularly sonorant and continuant characteristics, which are central to the lenition process. Results: The results indicated that while learners showed progress in producing the fricative-like variants of lenition during the SA program and understood how to produce lenition in appropriate contexts, the retention of these phonological gains was not sustained after their return. Additionally, unlike native speakers, the learners never fully achieved the approximant-like realization of lenition. Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for sustained exposure and practice beyond the SA experience to ensure the long-term retention of L2 phonological patterns. While SA programs offer valuable opportunities for enhancing L2 pronunciation, they should be supplemented with ongoing support to consolidate and extend the gains achieved during the immersive experience. Full article
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22 pages, 3409 KiB  
Article
Sub-Lexical Processing of Chinese–English Bilinguals: An ERP Analysis
by Yihan Chen and Eleonora Rossi
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(9), 923; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14090923 - 16 Sep 2024
Viewed by 653
Abstract
Previous research has established that bilinguals automatically activate lexical items in both of their languages in a nonselectivemanner, even when processing linguistic information in the second language (L2) alone. However, whether this co-activation extends to the sub-lexical level remains debated. In this study, [...] Read more.
Previous research has established that bilinguals automatically activate lexical items in both of their languages in a nonselectivemanner, even when processing linguistic information in the second language (L2) alone. However, whether this co-activation extends to the sub-lexical level remains debated. In this study, we investigate whether bilinguals access sub-lexical information while processing in their L2. Thirty-two Chinese–English bilinguals and thirty-one English monolinguals completed an EEG-based semantic relatedness task, during which they judged whether pairs of English words were related in meaning or not (±S). Unbeknownst to the participants, the form (±F) of the Chinese translations in half of the pairs shared a sub-lexical semantic radical. This leads to four conditions: +S+F, +S−F, −S+F, and −S−F. This design, along with the comparison to English monolinguals, allows us to examine if bilinguals’ native language is activated at the sub-lexical level when they are exposed only to L2. The results revealed that both groups showed sensitivity to semantic relatedness, as evidenced by a greater N400 for semantic unrelated pairs than related pairs, with monolinguals eliciting a more pronounced difference. Bilinguals, on the other hand, exhibited a greater P200 difference compared to monolinguals, indicating greater sensitivity to the hidden Chinese radical/form manipulation. These results suggest that highly proficient bilinguals automatically engage in lexical co-activation of their native language during L2 processing. Crucially, this co-activation extends to the sub-lexical semantic radical level. Full article
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20 pages, 543 KiB  
Article
Working Memory and Cross-Linguistic Influence on Vocabulary Acquisition
by Elizabeth Flores-Salgado and Aldo Falú Gutiérrez-Koyoc
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(8), 796; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14080796 - 9 Aug 2024
Viewed by 991
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the cross-linguistic influence of previously learned languages and working memory capacities on the vocabulary performance of two different typological languages. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the working memory capacities of bilingual [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the cross-linguistic influence of previously learned languages and working memory capacities on the vocabulary performance of two different typological languages. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the working memory capacities of bilingual adults in relation to the vocabulary performance of two different languages never learned by the participants, and (2) to analyze to what extent the typology of previously learned languages influences working memory capacities in relation to the vocabulary performance of French and Nahuatl. A group of 43 Mexican Spanish college students participated in this experimental study. The participants completed a series of working memory tasks in Nahuatl and French. The results showed that working memory capacities were lower in Nahuatl than in French. Thus, a correlation was found between their first and second language and vocabulary performance in French. We can consider the influence of previously learned languages as a significant factor in vocabulary acquisition in accordance with the participants’ working memory capacities. Full article
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