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Brain Sciences
Special Issues
Brain Imaging and Therapy of Addiction
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Brain Imaging and Therapy of Addiction

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Psychiatric Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 January 2024) | Viewed by 6951

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yi Zhang

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Guest Editor
Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
Interests: neuroimaging; cognitive function; addiction; brain–gut interaction; obesity; bariatric surgery
Prof. Dr. Kai Yuan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
Interests: MRI; addiction; brain stimulation; craving; relapse
Dr. Yuanqiang Zhu

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
Interests: neuroimaging; sleep deprivation; schizophrenia; brain stimulation; machine learning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Addiction is a brain disease engaging compulsive addicted behaviors including substance use disorder, gambling, Internet gaming disorder, and food addiction. Accumulating evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that addiction negatively affects brain function and structure, especially within fronto-mesolimbic circuitry involved with reward processing, inhibitory control, and cognition. Various interventions and treatments have been developed to normalize and promote the recovery of these brain abnormalities. However, currently, there are no effective treatments for addiction since its neuromechanisms are not fully understood. Lately, the addictive use of synthetic drugs (i.e., fentanyl, methamphetamine), electronic cigarettes, and digital media devices has become prevalent. This Special Issue aims to update the recent neuroimaging advances in understanding the neuromechanisms of these forms of addiction and their implications for effective interventions. Particularly, advanced imaging technology (e.g., MRS, NODDI), data analysis methods, (e.g., machine learning) and novel therapy (e.g., rTMS, TES, taVNS) are welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Yi Zhang
Prof. Dr. Kai Yuan
Dr. Yuanqiang Zhu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • addiction
  • neuroimaging
  • reward
  • inhibitory control
  • cognition

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1717 KiB  
Article
Glymphatic-System Function Is Associated with Addiction and Relapse in Heroin Dependents Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment
by Lei Wang, Yue Qin, Xiaoshi Li, Xin Li, Yuwei Liu, Wei Li and Yarong Wang
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(9), 1292; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13091292 - 7 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1776
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on the brain glymphatic system (GS) in opioid addiction in China. A total of 51 male MMT patients, 48 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs), and 20 heroin dependents (HDs) were recruited for this [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) on the brain glymphatic system (GS) in opioid addiction in China. A total of 51 male MMT patients, 48 demographically matched healthy controls (HCs), and 20 heroin dependents (HDs) were recruited for this study. The GS functioning was assessed using diffusion-tensor-imaging analysis along perivascular spaces (DTI-ALPS index) and the bilateral ALPS divergency (DivALPS). Group differences were analyzed utilizing ANOVA and two-sample t-tests. The relationship between DivALPS and relapse rate was explored using regression analysis. The DTI-ALPS index was significantly higher for the left-side brain than the right side in all three groups. There was a significant difference for the right side (p = 0.0098) between the groups. The MMT and HD groups showed significantly higher DTI-ALPS than the HC group (p = 0.018 and 0.016, respectively). The DivALPS varied significantly among the three groups (p = 0.04), with the HD group showing the lowest and the HC group the highest values. Significant negative relationships were found between relapse count, DivALPS (p < 0.0001, Exp(B) = 0.6047), and age (p < 0.0001, Exp(B) = 0.9142). The findings suggest that MMT may contribute to promoting brain GS recovery in heroin addicts, and modulation of the GS may serve as a potential biomarker for relapse risk, providing insights into novel therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Imaging and Therapy of Addiction)
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15 pages, 1063 KiB  
Article
Neural Correlates of Impaired Cognitive Control in Individuals with Methamphetamine Dependence: An fMRI Study
by Ani Zerekidze, Meng Li, Nooshin Javaheripour, Laura Huff, Thomas Weiss, Martin Walter and Gerd Wagner
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(2), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020197 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2380
Abstract
Impaired cognitive and behavioral control has often been observed in people who use methamphetamine (MA). However, a comprehensive understanding of the neural substrates underlying these impairments is still lacking. The goal of the present study was to study the neural correlates of impaired [...] Read more.
Impaired cognitive and behavioral control has often been observed in people who use methamphetamine (MA). However, a comprehensive understanding of the neural substrates underlying these impairments is still lacking. The goal of the present study was to study the neural correlates of impaired cognitive control in individuals with MA dependence according to DSM-IV criteria. Eighteen individuals with MA dependence and 21 healthy controls were investigated using Stroop task, fMRI, and an impulsivity questionnaire. Overall, patients were found to have significantly poorer accuracy on the Stroop task and higher self-rated impulsivity. Comparing brain activations during the task, decreased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior midcingulate cortex (aMCC), and dorsal striatum was observed in individuals with MA dependence, compared to healthy controls. Altered fMRI signal in DLPFC and aMCC significantly correlated with impaired behavioral task performance in individuals with MA dependence. Furthermore, significantly lower and pronounced brain activations in the MA group were additionally detected in several sensory cortical regions, i.e., in the visual, auditory, and somatosensory cortices. The results of the current study provide evidence for the negative impact of chronic crystal meth consumption on the proper functioning of the fronto-cingulate and striatal brain regions, presumably underlying the often-observed deficits in executive functions in individuals with MA use disorder. As a new finding, we also revealed abnormal activation in several sensory brain regions, suggesting the negative effect of MA use on the proper neural activity of these regions. This blunted activation could be the cause of the observed deficits in executive functions and the associated altered brain activation in higher-level brain networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Imaging and Therapy of Addiction)
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Review

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22 pages, 429 KiB  
Review
Neurological, Behavioral, and Pathophysiological Characterization of the Co-Occurrence of Substance Use and HIV: A Narrative Review
by Leah Vines, Diana Sotelo, Natasha Giddens, Peter Manza, Nora D. Volkow and Gene-Jack Wang
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(10), 1480; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13101480 - 19 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2245
Abstract
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has greatly reduced the severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH); however, PLWH are more likely than the general population to use drugs and suffer from substance use disorders (SUDs) and to exhibit risky behaviors [...] Read more.
Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has greatly reduced the severity of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in people living with HIV (PLWH); however, PLWH are more likely than the general population to use drugs and suffer from substance use disorders (SUDs) and to exhibit risky behaviors that promote HIV transmission and other infections. Dopamine-boosting psychostimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine are some of the most widely used substances among PLWH. Chronic use of these substances disrupts brain function, structure, and cognition. PLWH with SUD have poor health outcomes driven by complex interactions between biological, neurocognitive, and social factors. Here we review the effects of comorbid HIV and psychostimulant use disorders by discussing the distinct and common effects of HIV and chronic cocaine and methamphetamine use on behavioral and neurological impairments using evidence from rodent models of HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments (Tat or gp120 protein expression) and clinical studies. We also provide a biopsychosocial perspective by discussing behavioral impairment in differentially impacted social groups and proposing interventions at both patient and population levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Imaging and Therapy of Addiction)
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