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Brain Sciences
Special Issues
Addictive and Concomitant Psychiatric Disorders
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Addictive and Concomitant Psychiatric Disorders

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Behavioral Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 January 2024) | Viewed by 13717

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Bernard Le Foll

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Interests: drug addiction; place conditioning; self-administration; preclinical models; dopamine; motivation; nicotine; ethanol; cannabinoid; randomized controlled trials; PET; pharmacogenetic
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ahmed Hassan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Interests: addiction; concurrent disorder; trauma/PTSD; spirituality

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are high rates of concurrent psychiatric disorders among individuals with substance use disorders and addictive behavioral disorders. Addictive and concomitant psychiatric disorders confer significant negative outcomes and disabilities compared to either of these disorders alone. Researches that enhance our understanding of the development of the concurrent disorder, its course, and its treatment are scarce. We are seeking manuscripts submissions for a proposed special issue of Brain Sciences which will focus on original research and systematic reviews addressing the link between psychiatric disorders and addictive/substance use disorders. We are inviting manuscripts with a wide range of focus on addiction and psychiatric disorders. These studies could include, but are not limited to, novel research examining the epidemiology of specific psychiatric disorders within individuals with addiction, highlighting the impact, and its mechanism, of one disorder on the other, or evaluating a treatment addressing both disorders. Longitudinal studies that allow for causal inference of a disorder or treatment are of particular interest. Treatment programs and innovative mechanisms to diagnose and treat addictive and concomitant psychiatric disorders are encouraged. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses that evaluate a novel research question in this population are also welcome.

Dr. Bernard Le Foll
Dr. Ahmed Hassan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • concurrent disorders
  • dual disorders
  • opioids
  • alcohol
  • nicotine
  • stimulants
  • substance use disorder
  • behavioral addiction
  • psychiatric disorders
  • mental health
  • mood disorders
  • affective disorders

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 712 KiB  
Article
Motivations for Cannabis Use in Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)
by Sonja Elsaid, Ruoyu Wang, Stefan Kloiber, Bernard Le Foll and Ahmed N. Hassan
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(12), 1698; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13121698 - 9 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2725
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition. Consequently, it is common for those affected to resort to cannabis to cope with their symptoms. The primary objective of this study was to understand the differences between motivations for cannabis use in adults [...] Read more.
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition. Consequently, it is common for those affected to resort to cannabis to cope with their symptoms. The primary objective of this study was to understand the differences between motivations for cannabis use in adults with and without SAD. We employed convergent, mixed methods to collect the data. Twenty-six individuals (age: 27.9 ± 7.3 years; 54% female) with and twenty-six (age: 27.4 ± 6.7 years; 50% female) without SAD were administered Marijuana Motives Measure (MMM). Motivations to initiate, continue, and maintain cannabis use were assessed in 12/26 participants in both groups using in-depth interviews. Cannabis weekly consumption was 3.8-fold and frequency 1.3-fold higher in the SAD group. Coping (F = 10.02; p <0.001; η2 = 0.46) and social (F = 2.81; p = 0.036; η2 = 0.19) motivations were also higher in the SAD group, after controlling for age, sex, and current CUD. The need to cope with symptoms of SAD may have been the driving force for repeated cannabis consumption. Psychoeducational programs educating children about the risk of using cannabis to cope with SAD should be implemented in vocational settings early on. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive and Concomitant Psychiatric Disorders)
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17 pages, 3183 KiB  
Article
Insula Connectivity Abnormalities Predict Impulsivity in Chronic Heroin Use Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Resting-State fMRI Study
by Yan Zhang, Xiao Zhong, Yongcong Shao and Jingjing Gong
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(11), 1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13111508 - 25 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1518
Abstract
Patients with heroin use disorder (HUD) often exhibit trait impulsivity, which may be an important factor in and a good predictor of addiction. However, the factor structure of HUD trait impulsivity (motor, attentional, and nonplanning) and its neural correlates are not yet known. [...] Read more.
Patients with heroin use disorder (HUD) often exhibit trait impulsivity, which may be an important factor in and a good predictor of addiction. However, the factor structure of HUD trait impulsivity (motor, attentional, and nonplanning) and its neural correlates are not yet known. A total of 24 male volunteers with HUD and 16 healthy control volunteers were recruited for this cross-sectional study. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) were employed using the insula as a seed point in an effort to understand the association between trait impulsivity and its intrinsic factors and functional connectivity (FC) between the insula and the whole brain. The HUD group in this study exhibited higher total trait impulsivity scores, motor impulsivity, and nonplanning impulsivity than the control group. Changes in FC between the right insula and the lateral occipital cortex and the right angular gyrus were significantly positively correlated with total trait impulsivity scores, motor impulsivity, and nonplanning impulsivity, whereas changes in the FC between the left insula and the left superior frontal gyrus and left frontopolar brain region were significantly negatively correlated with trait impulsivity. Thus, the insula may serve as an important biomarker for identifying trait impulsivity and its intrinsic factor structure in patients with HUDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive and Concomitant Psychiatric Disorders)
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8 pages, 257 KiB  
Communication
Navigating Evidence, Challenges, and Caution in the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorders
by Anees Bahji, Marlon Danilewitz and David Crockford
Brain Sci. 2023, 13(10), 1416; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13101416 - 6 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2509
Abstract
Amidst the opioid epidemic, harm reduction-oriented approaches have gained traction, including interventions that focus on prescribing pharmaceutical-grade psychoactive substances, such as opioids, instead of illicit versions, intending to mitigate fatal overdose risks arising from the variability in potency and additives found in illicit [...] Read more.
Amidst the opioid epidemic, harm reduction-oriented approaches have gained traction, including interventions that focus on prescribing pharmaceutical-grade psychoactive substances, such as opioids, instead of illicit versions, intending to mitigate fatal overdose risks arising from the variability in potency and additives found in illicit drugs. Stimulants have increasingly been found in the victims of opioid overdoses, further prompting some to argue for the prescription of stimulant medications for individuals with stimulant use disorders. Yet, the evidence supporting this practice remains insufficient. In this communication, we critically examine the existing evidence, challenges, and cautions surrounding the treatment of stimulant use disorder. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive and Concomitant Psychiatric Disorders)
16 pages, 1903 KiB  
Article
High Morphine Use Disorder Susceptibility Is Predicted by Impaired Learning Ability in Mice
by Xue-Fei Hou, Ya-Bo Zhao, Yue-Xiong Yang, Chen Ma, Meng Li, Xin Li, Guo-Rui Ma, Li-Su Zhu, Lin Xu and Qi-Xin Zhou
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(12), 1650; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121650 - 1 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2064
Abstract
An obvious reason for substance uses disorders (SUDs) is drug craving and seeking behavior induced by conditioned context, which is an abnormal solid context memory. The relationship between susceptibility to SUD and learning ability remains unclear in humans and animal models. In this [...] Read more.
An obvious reason for substance uses disorders (SUDs) is drug craving and seeking behavior induced by conditioned context, which is an abnormal solid context memory. The relationship between susceptibility to SUD and learning ability remains unclear in humans and animal models. In this study, we found that susceptibility to morphine use disorder (MUD) was negatively correlated with learning ability in conditioned place preference (CPP) in C57 mice. By using behavioral tests, we identified the FVB mouse as learning impaired. In addition, we discovered that learning-relevant proteins, such as the glutamate receptor subunits GluA1, NR1, and NR2A, were decreased in FVB mice. Finally, we assessed the context learning ability of FVB mice using the CPP test and priming. We found that FVB mice had lower learning performance with respect to normal memory but higher performance of morphine-reinstatement memory. Compared to C57 mice, FVB mice are highly sensitive to MUDs. Our results suggest that SUD susceptibility is predicted by impaired learning ability in mice; therefore, learning ability can play a simple and practical role in identifying high-risk SUD groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive and Concomitant Psychiatric Disorders)
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11 pages, 936 KiB  
Article
Smokers’ Self-Report and Behavioral Reactivity to Combined Personal Smoking Cues (Proximal + Environment + People): A Pilot Study
by Cynthia A. Conklin, Brian A. Coffman, F. Joseph McClernon and Christopher Joyce
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(11), 1547; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111547 - 15 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1573
Abstract
Cue reactivity (CR) among smokers exposed to smoking-related stimuli, both proximal (e.g., cigarettes, lighter) and distal (environments, people), has been well-demonstrated. Furthermore, past work has shown that combining proximal smoking cues with smoking environment cues increases cue-provoked craving and smoking behavior above that [...] Read more.
Cue reactivity (CR) among smokers exposed to smoking-related stimuli, both proximal (e.g., cigarettes, lighter) and distal (environments, people), has been well-demonstrated. Furthermore, past work has shown that combining proximal smoking cues with smoking environment cues increases cue-provoked craving and smoking behavior above that elicited by either cue type alone. In this pilot study, we examined the impact of combining three personal cues, proximal + environment + people, on subjective and behavioral cue reactivity among smokers. To further understand the impact of this method, we also tested reactivity under the conditions of both smoking satiety and deprivation. In addition, we examined the extent to which cue-induced craving predicted immediate subsequent smoking. Fifteen smokers completed six sessions, of which two focused on the intake and development of personal cues and four involved personal cue reactivity sessions: (1) deprived, smoking cue combination, (2) deprived, nonsmoking cue combination, (3) sated, smoking combination, and (4) sated, nonsmoking cue combination. Cue-provoked craving was greater and smokers were quicker to light a cigarette and smoked more during their exposure to smoking rather than nonsmoking cues and in deprived compared to sated conditions, with no interaction between these variables. While deprived, greater cue-provoked craving in response to smoking cues was correlated with a quicker latency to light a cigarette. This work supports the feasibility of presenting three personal smoking-related combinations of cues within a cue reactivity paradigm and highlights the robust reactivity that this methodology can evoke in smokers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive and Concomitant Psychiatric Disorders)
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12 pages, 1246 KiB  
Article
Childhood Trauma and Dissociation Correlates in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Sample of 587 French Subjects Hospitalized in a Rehabilitation Center
by Grégoire Baudin, Servane Barrault, Hussein El Ayoubi, François Kazour, Nicolas Ballon, Damien Maugé, Coraline Hingray, Paul Brunault and Wissam El-Hage
Brain Sci. 2022, 12(11), 1483; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12111483 - 1 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2430
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether dissociative symptoms and childhood trauma (CT) may help identify a specific subgroup of patients among those hospitalized for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We assessed 587 patients hospitalized for an AUD in a French addiction rehabilitation center (cross-sectional [...] Read more.
This study aimed to determine whether dissociative symptoms and childhood trauma (CT) may help identify a specific subgroup of patients among those hospitalized for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We assessed 587 patients hospitalized for an AUD in a French addiction rehabilitation center (cross-sectional study) regarding dissociative symptoms (DES-taxon), childhood trauma (CTQ), depression (BDI), anxiety (STAI-state and STAI-trait), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; PCL-5), and AUD symptoms (AUDIT). We ran a hierarchical cluster analysis and compared the clusters in terms of dissociation and CT, as well as AUD, depressive, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. We identified three clusters of patients: (1) patients with low AUD severity and low dissociation (LALD); (2) patients with high AUD severity and low dissociation (HALD); (3) patients with high AUD severity and high dissociation (HAHD). Patients from the HAHD group had significantly higher dissociation and more severe depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms than those with LALD and HALD. They also reported more emotional and sexual abuse than those with LALD. Among patients with an AUD, those with high dissociation may constitute an independent subgroup that exhibits a higher prevalence for CT and higher AUD severity, as well as higher depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms. Patients with more severe AUD and associated psychiatric symptoms should be systematically screened for dissociation and provided with tailor-based treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Addictive and Concomitant Psychiatric Disorders)
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