Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Transplant Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2024) | Viewed by 1937

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hepatobiliary Center, Paul Brousse Hospital - University, 94800 Villejuif, France
Interests: liver transplantation; hepatobiliary surgery; liver cancer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Hepatobiliary Center, Paul Brousse Hospital - University, 94800 Villejuif, France
Interests: hepatology; liver transplantation; liver cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and its incidence is rising. The vast majority of HCC cases arise in the context of underlying chronic liver disease, most commonly related to viral hepatitis, excessive alcohol consumption, and metabolic syndrome. While the majority of HCC cases are still diagnosed at an advanced stage, surveillance programs in high-risk patients allow diagnosis at an early stage in which curative treatment can be proposed, including surgical resection, percutaneous ablation, and liver transplantation (LT). Indications depend on the tumor characteristics and degree of liver disease  (portal hypertension, bilirubin). LT is the most complete treatment, involving the removal of both the tumor(s) and the diseased liver, but it can only be offered to selected patients with early-stage HCC due to the high recurrence rates in advanced-stage HCC and the global organ shortage. Nowadays, HCC represents over 30% of indications for LT, and in appropriately selected patients, it can offer unmatched 90 and 70% 1- and 5-year survival, respectively. Selection is based on the tumor size and number (Milan criteria), with the recent addition of tumor biology markers such as the alpha-fetoprotein level (AFP score, Metroticket 2.0). Recent data suggest a role of FDG-PET scanning in patient selection. Because tumors may grow during LT workup and the organ waiting time, bridge treatment is needed to avoid progression and dropout. Besides surgery and percutaneous ablation, arterial chemoembolization has been the mainstay of such policies; however, recent advances have changed the picture. These include Y90 selective internal radiotherapy, external radiation therapy, and systemic tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies. These newer approaches improve tumor control during waiting times but also allow downstaging of tumors otherwise outside of LT criteria. More recently, immunotherapy-based therapy has been shown to improve the survival rate in a palliative setting, but its use in the LT context remains unclear due to conflicting issues with immunosuppression and rejection. The aim of this Special Issue is to gather international experts to cover the current state of the art of LT for HCC.

Prof. Dr. Daniel Cherqui
Prof. Dr. Olivier Rosmorduc
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • liver transplantation
  • hepatocellular carcinoma
  • transarterial chemoembolisation
  • systemic therapy
  • radioembolisation
  • immunotherapy
  • stereotactic body radiation therapy
  • downstaging

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

19 pages, 993 KiB  
Review
Challenges in Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review of Current Controversies
by Ezequiel Mauro, Marco Sanduzzi-Zamparelli, Gabrielle Jutras, Raquel Garcia, Alexandre Soler Perromat, Neus Llarch, Victor Holguin Arce, Pablo Ruiz, Jordi Rimola, Eva Lopez, Joana Ferrer-Fàbrega, Ángeles García-Criado, Jordi Colmenero, Jennifer C. Lai and Alejandro Forner
Cancers 2024, 16(17), 3059; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16173059 - 2 Sep 2024
Viewed by 554
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) remains one of the most effective treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and significantly enhances patient survival. However, the application of LT for HCC faces challenges owing to advancements in cancer-specific treatment modalities and the increased burden of patients’ comorbidities. This [...] Read more.
Liver transplantation (LT) remains one of the most effective treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and significantly enhances patient survival. However, the application of LT for HCC faces challenges owing to advancements in cancer-specific treatment modalities and the increased burden of patients’ comorbidities. This narrative review explores current controversies and advancements in LT for HCC. Key areas of focus include the management of comorbidities and patient education by advanced practice nurses, impacts of frailty on waitlists and post-LT outcomes, selection criteria for LT in the era of new downstaging tools, role of radiology in patient selection, and implications of potential immunotherapy use both before and after LT. Additionally, the importance of immunosuppression management with strategies aimed at minimizing rejection while considering the risk of HCC recurrence and the role of surveillance for HCC recurrence is highlighted. This review also underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for optimizing outcomes in patients with HCC undergoing LT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma)
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16 pages, 1852 KiB  
Review
Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
by Nicola De Stefano, Damiano Patrono, Fabio Colli, Giorgia Rizza, Gianluca Paraluppi and Renato Romagnoli
Cancers 2024, 16(13), 2374; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16132374 - 28 Jun 2024
Viewed by 898
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the leading oncological indication for liver transplantation (LT), with evolving and broadened inclusion criteria. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) gained a central role in systemic HCC treatment and showed potential in the peri-transplant setting as downstaging/bridging therapy before LT or [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the leading oncological indication for liver transplantation (LT), with evolving and broadened inclusion criteria. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) gained a central role in systemic HCC treatment and showed potential in the peri-transplant setting as downstaging/bridging therapy before LT or as a treatment for HCC recurrence following LT. However, the antagonistic mechanisms of action between ICIs and immunosuppressive drugs pose significant challenges, particularly regarding the risk of acute rejection (AR). This review analyzes the main signaling pathways targeted by ICI therapies and summarizes current studies on ICI therapy before and after LT. The literature on this topic is limited and highly heterogeneous, precluding definitive evidence-based conclusions. The use of ICIs before LT appears promising, provided that a sufficient wash-out period is implemented. In contrast, the results of post-LT ICI therapy do not support its wide clinical application due to high AR rates and overall poor response to treatment. In the future, modern graft preservation techniques might support the selection of good ICI responders, but data from high-level studies are urgently needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma)
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