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Cancers
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Focusing on Urogenital Tumors
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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Focusing on Urogenital Tumors

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (8 November 2021) | Viewed by 11101

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Renate Pichler

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
Interests: bladder cancer; RCC; immunotherapy; biomarkers; predictive; prognostic; molecular; genetic

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

 Immunotherapy alone or in combination with systemic or targeted therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, becoming a therapeutic mainstay in various cancer entities, such as urogenital tumors. As an example, treatment with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) belongs to the most successful cancer immunotherapies in high-risk, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer for more than forty years. Although immunotherapy has dramatically expanded the therapeutic landscape in metastatic RCC and bladder cancer, biomarkers in predicting response to checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-L1 are still inconclusive, with discordant results. This Special Issue welcomes original articles and reviews about current treatment guidelines on checkpoint inhibition in urogenital cancers and novel molecular, genetic, and soluble biomarkers in predicting response and survival to checkpoint inhibitors.

Dr. Renate Pichler
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • urothelial cancer
  • renal cell carcinoma
  • prostate cancer
  • immunotherapy
  • predictive and prognostic biomarkers
  • BCG
  • soluble immunological biomarkers

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Review, Other

4 pages, 185 KiB  
Editorial
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Uro-Oncology: Urgent Call for Biomarkers
by Renate Pichler
Cancers 2020, 12(10), 2768; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12102768 - 27 Sep 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1576
Abstract
Bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are the second and third most commonly diagnosed cancers in the field of uro-oncology [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Focusing on Urogenital Tumors)

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Other

20 pages, 1838 KiB  
Review
The Evolution of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma
by Hélène Houssiau and Emmanuel Seront
Cancers 2022, 14(7), 1640; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14071640 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2196
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma is an aggressive cancer and development of metastases remains a challenge for clinicians. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are significantly improving the outcomes of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). These agents were first used in monotherapy after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy, [...] Read more.
Urothelial carcinoma is an aggressive cancer and development of metastases remains a challenge for clinicians. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are significantly improving the outcomes of patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC). These agents were first used in monotherapy after failure of platinum-based chemotherapy, but different strategies explored the optimal use of ICIs in a first-line metastatic setting. The “maintenance” strategy consists of the introduction of ICIs in patients who experienced benefit from first-line chemotherapy in a metastatic setting. This allows an earlier use of ICIs, without waiting for disease progression. We review the optimal management of mUC in the era of ICIs, based on the key clinical messages arising from the pivotal trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Focusing on Urogenital Tumors)
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12 pages, 778 KiB  
Review
Bladder-Sparing Chemoradiotherapy Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition for Locally Advanced Urothelial Bladder Cancer—A Review
by Jons W. van Hattum, Ben-Max de Ruiter, Jorg R. Oddens, Maarten C. C. M. Hulshof, Theo M. de Reijke and Adriaan D. Bins
Cancers 2022, 14(1), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14010038 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3039
Abstract
Despite current treatment strategies, the 5-year overall survival of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is approximately 50%. Historically, radical cystectomy (RC) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been the first-choice treatment for this patient group. Recently, several studies have reported encouraging results of using immune checkpoint [...] Read more.
Despite current treatment strategies, the 5-year overall survival of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is approximately 50%. Historically, radical cystectomy (RC) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been the first-choice treatment for this patient group. Recently, several studies have reported encouraging results of using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) prior to RC. However, in recent years, bladder-sparing alternatives such as CRT have gained popularity. The effect of radiotherapy on the tumor microenvironment is an important rationale for combining CRT with ICI therapy. Worldwide, twelve immunochemoradiotherapy (iCRT) trials are ongoing. Each study employs a different chemotherapy and radiotherapy regimen and varies the timing of ICI administration concurrent to radiotherapy, adjuvant, or both. Five studies have presented (preliminary) results showing promising safety and short-term survival data. The first peer-reviewed publications are expected in the near future. The preclinical evidence and preliminary patient data demonstrate the potential of iCRT bladder-sparing treatment for bladder cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Focusing on Urogenital Tumors)
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Other

Jump to: Editorial, Review

21 pages, 1013 KiB  
Systematic Review
From Interferon to Checkpoint Inhibition Therapy—A Systematic Review of New Immune-Modulating Agents in Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Refractory Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC)
by Susanne Deininger, Peter Törzsök, Michael Mitterberger, Maximilian Pallauf, David Oswald, Christian Deininger and Lukas Lusuardi
Cancers 2022, 14(3), 694; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030694 - 29 Jan 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3593
Abstract
Background: In Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) refractory non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), radical cystectomy is the gold standard. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has permanently changed the therapy landscape of bladder cancer (BC). This article presents a systematic review of immune-modulating (IM) therapies [...] Read more.
Background: In Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) refractory non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), radical cystectomy is the gold standard. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) has permanently changed the therapy landscape of bladder cancer (BC). This article presents a systematic review of immune-modulating (IM) therapies (CPIs and others) in BCG-refractory NMIBC. Methods: In total, 406 articles were identified through data bank research in PubMed/Medline, with data cutoff in October 2021. Four full-text articles and four additional congress abstracts were included in the review. Results: Durvalumab plus Oportuzumab monatox, Pembrolizumab, and Nadofaragene firadenovec (NF) show complete response (CR) rates of 41.6%, 40.6%, and 59.6% after 3 months, with a long-lasting effect, especially for NF (12-month CR rate of 30.5%). Instillations with oncolytic viruses such as NF and CG0070 show good efficacy without triggering significant immune-mediated systemic adverse events. Recombinant BCG VPM1002BC could prove to be valid as an alternative to BCG in the future. The recombinant pox-viral vector vaccine PANVAC™ is not convincing in combination with BCG. Interleukin mediating therapies, such as ALT-803, are currently being studied. Conclusion: CPIs and other IM agents now offer an increasing opportunity for bladder-preserving strategies. Studies on different substances are ongoing and will yield new findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Focusing on Urogenital Tumors)
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