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Cancers
Special Issues
MRI and PET Imaging in Neuro-Oncology—Current Developments and Clinical Translation
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MRI and PET Imaging in Neuro-Oncology—Current Developments and Clinical Translation

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biomarkers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 1838

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Daniel Paech

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Division of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
2. Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Bonn University, 53127 Bonn, Germany
Interests: medical imaging physics; molecular imaging; cancer imaging; neuroimaging; neuro-oncology; diagnostic radiology; metabolic imaging; artificial intelligence (AI)
Dr. Manuel Röhrich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Clinical Cooperation Unit Nuclear Medicine, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), D-68120 Heidelberg, Germany
Interests: nuclear medicine; positron emission tomography (PET); fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPi); cancer imaging; diagnostic imaging; microstructural imaging; brain tumors; head & neck cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Imaging biomarkers by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) techniques are increasingly applied in the clinic, with a fast-growing body of evidence regarding their diagnostic value in neuro-oncology. In contrast to biochemical or histological markers, the key advantages of imaging biomarkers are the non-invasive nature and spatial and temporal resolution of these approaches. This Special Issue of Cancers focuses on new technical developments and clinical applications of novel MR biomarkers in humans, with a strong focus on neuro-oncologic diseases. These include both validation studies with clinically established biomarkers and novel approaches that have recently demonstrated high potential for clinical utility.

Prof. Dr. Daniel Paech
Dr. Manuel Röhrich
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
  • metabolic imaging
  • X-nuclei
  • functional MRI (fMRI)
  • chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)
  • positron emission tomography (PET)
  • fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPi)
  • ultra-high field (UHF)

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2376 KiB  
Article
An MRI Radiomics Approach to Predict the Hypercoagulable Status of Gliomas
by Zuzana Saidak, Adrien Laville, Simon Soudet, Marie-Antoinette Sevestre, Jean-Marc Constans and Antoine Galmiche
Cancers 2024, 16(7), 1289; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071289 - 26 Mar 2024
Viewed by 678
Abstract
Venous thromboembolic events are frequent complications of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs). The overexpression of tissue factor (TF) plays an essential role in the local hypercoagulable phenotype that underlies these complications. Our aim was to build an MRI radiomics model for [...] Read more.
Venous thromboembolic events are frequent complications of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and low-grade gliomas (LGGs). The overexpression of tissue factor (TF) plays an essential role in the local hypercoagulable phenotype that underlies these complications. Our aim was to build an MRI radiomics model for the non-invasive exploration of the hypercoagulable status of LGG/GBM. Radiogenomics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and REMBRANDT (Repository for molecular BRAin Neoplasia DaTa) cohorts were used. A logistic regression model (Radscore) was built in order to identify the top 20% TF-expressing tumors, considered to be at high thromboembolic risk. The most contributive MRI radiomics features from LGG/GBM linked to high TF were identified in TCGA using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. A logistic regression model was built, whose performance was analyzed with ROC in the TCGA/training and REMBRANDT/validation cohorts: AUC = 0.87 [CI95: 0.81–0.94, p < 0.0001] and AUC = 0.78 [CI95: 0.56–1.00, p = 0.02], respectively. In agreement with the key role of the coagulation cascade in gliomas, LGG patients with a high Radscore had lower overall and disease-free survival. The Radscore was linked to the presence of specific genomic alterations, the composition of the tumor coagulome and the tumor immune infiltrate. Our findings suggest that a non-invasive assessment of the hypercoagulable status of LGG/GBM is possible with MRI radiomics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MRI and PET Imaging in Neuro-Oncology—Current Developments and Clinical Translation)
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17 pages, 3944 KiB  
Article
A Biopsy-Controlled Prospective Study of Contrast-Enhancing Diffuse Glioma Infiltration Based on FET-PET and FLAIR
by Maciej Harat, Izabela Miechowicz, Józefina Rakowska, Izabela Zarębska and Bogdan Małkowski
Cancers 2024, 16(7), 1265; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16071265 - 24 Mar 2024
Viewed by 757
Abstract
Accurately defining glioma infiltration is crucial for optimizing radiotherapy and surgery, but glioma infiltration is heterogeneous and MRI imperfectly defines the tumor extent. Currently, it is impossible to determine the tumor infiltration gradient within a FLAIR signal. O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET)-PET often reveals high-grade glioma [...] Read more.
Accurately defining glioma infiltration is crucial for optimizing radiotherapy and surgery, but glioma infiltration is heterogeneous and MRI imperfectly defines the tumor extent. Currently, it is impossible to determine the tumor infiltration gradient within a FLAIR signal. O-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine (FET)-PET often reveals high-grade glioma infiltration beyond contrast-enhancing areas on MRI. Here, we studied FET uptake dynamics in tumor and normal brain structures by dual-timepoint (10 min and 40–60 min post-injection) acquisition to optimize analysis protocols for defining glioma infiltration. Over 300 serial stereotactic biopsies from 23 patients (mean age 47, 12 female/11 male) of diffuse contrast-enhancing gliomas were taken from areas inside and outside contrast enhancement or outside the FET hotspot but inside FLAIR. The final diagnosis was G4 in 11, grade 3 in 10, and grade 2 in 2 patients. The target-to-background (TBRs) ratios and standardized uptake values (SUVs) were calculated in areas used for biopsy planning and in background structures. The optimal method and threshold values were determined to find a preferred strategy for defining glioma infiltration. Standard thresholding (1.6× uptake in the contralateral brain) in standard acquisition PET images differentiated a tumor of any grade from astrogliosis, although the uptake in astrogliosis and grade 2 glioma was similar. Analyzing an optimal strategy for infiltration volume definition astrogliosis could be accurately differentiated from tumor samples using a choroid plexus as a background. Early acquisition improved the AUC in many cases, especially within FLAIR, from 56% to 90% sensitivity and 41% to 61% specificity (standard TBR 1.6 vs. early TBR plexus). The current FET-PET evaluation protocols for contrast-enhancing gliomas are limited, especially at the tumor border where grade 2 tumor and astrogliosis have similar uptake, but using choroid plexus uptake in early acquisitions as a background, we can precisely define a tumor within FLAIR that was outside of the scope of current FET-PET protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MRI and PET Imaging in Neuro-Oncology—Current Developments and Clinical Translation)
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