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Cancers
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New Sight of Gastro-Intestinal Cancer
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New Sight of Gastro-Intestinal Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 11714

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Justus Reunanen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Interests: cancer; inflammation; extracellular vesicles; microbiome

Special Issue Information

The scope of this Special Issue is to provide new insights into different forms of gastrointestinal cancers, including, but not limited to, oral cancer, gut cancer, colorectal cancer, and conditions predisposing patients to malignant processes, such as lifestyle factors and inflammatory bowel diseases, i.e., ulcerative colitis and Crohn´s disease. Original research as well as review papers dealing with the development, progression, prevention, and management of gastrointestinal cancers are welcomed. Thematic emphasis will be given especially to papers focused on the role of nutrition, inflammation, and microbiome in these malignancies.

Dr. Justus Reunanen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gastrointestinal
  • cancer
  • inflammation
  • nutrition
  • microbiota

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 5743 KiB  
Article
Newly Obtained Apple Pectin as an Adjunct to Irinotecan Therapy of Colorectal Cancer Reducing E. coli Adherence and β-Glucuronidase Activity
by Anna Palko-Łabuz, Jerzy Maksymowicz, Beata Sobieszczańska, Agnieszka Wikiera, Magdalena Skonieczna, Olga Wesołowska and Kamila Środa-Pomianek
Cancers 2021, 13(12), 2952; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122952 - 12 Jun 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3690
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer death worldwide. The composition and enzymatic activity of colonic microbiota can significantly affect the effectiveness of CRC chemotherapy. Irinotecan is a drug widely used to treat colon cancer. However, the transformation of a drug-glucuronide [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer death worldwide. The composition and enzymatic activity of colonic microbiota can significantly affect the effectiveness of CRC chemotherapy. Irinotecan is a drug widely used to treat colon cancer. However, the transformation of a drug-glucuronide (SN-38G) back to its active form (SN-38) by bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) constitutes the primary reason for the observed intestinal toxicity of irinotecan. It was demonstrated that novel enzymatically extracted apple pectin (PC) might be a promising candidate for an adjunct to irinotecan therapy. PC itself reduced the viability of HCT 116 and Caco-2 colorectal cancer cells, induced apoptosis, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, PC enhanced the cytotoxic and proapoptotic effect of irinotecan (at concentrations below its IC50), i.e., synergistic effect was recorded. Additionally, PC exhibited potent anti-inflammatory properties and prevented adhesion of prototype adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) LF82 strain and laboratory K-12C600 strain to colon cancer cells. PC was also identified to be an effective inhibitor of bacterial GUS activity. Altogether, novel apple pectin was identified as a promising candidate for a supplement to irinotecan therapy that might alleviate its side-effects via inhibition of bacterial GUS and thus increasing its therapeutic efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Sight of Gastro-Intestinal Cancer)
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27 pages, 4549 KiB  
Article
Lipid-Iron Nanoparticle with a Cell Stress Release Mechanism Combined with a Local Alternating Magnetic Field Enables Site-Activated Drug Release
by Tuula Peñate Medina, Mirko Gerle, Jana Humbert, Hanwen Chu, Anna-Lena Köpnick, Reinhard Barkmann, Vasil M. Garamus, Beatriz Sanz, Nicolai Purcz, Olga Will, Lia Appold, Timo Damm, Juho Suojanen, Philipp Arnold, Ralph Lucius, Regina Willumeit-Römer, Yahya Açil, Joerg Wiltfang, Gerardo F. Goya, Claus C. Glüer and Oula Peñate Medinaadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2020, 12(12), 3767; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123767 - 14 Dec 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3024
Abstract
Most available cancer chemotherapies are based on systemically administered small organic molecules, and only a tiny fraction of the drug reaches the disease site. The approach causes significant side effects and limits the outcome of the therapy. Targeted drug delivery provides an alternative [...] Read more.
Most available cancer chemotherapies are based on systemically administered small organic molecules, and only a tiny fraction of the drug reaches the disease site. The approach causes significant side effects and limits the outcome of the therapy. Targeted drug delivery provides an alternative to improve the situation. However, due to the poor release characteristics of the delivery systems, limitations remain. This report presents a new approach to address the challenges using two fundamentally different mechanisms to trigger the release from the liposomal carrier. We use an endogenous disease marker, an enzyme, combined with an externally applied magnetic field, to open the delivery system at the correct time only in the disease site. This site-activated release system is a novel two-switch nanomachine that can be regulated by a cell stress-induced enzyme at the cellular level and be remotely controlled using an applied magnetic field. We tested the concept using sphingomyelin-containing liposomes encapsulated with indocyanine green, fluorescent marker, or the anticancer drug cisplatin. We engineered the liposomes by adding paramagnetic beads to act as a receiver of outside magnetic energy. The developed multifunctional liposomes were characterized in vitro in leakage studies and cell internalization studies. The release system was further studied in vivo in imaging and therapy trials using a squamous cell carcinoma tumor in the mouse as a disease model. In vitro studies showed an increased release of loaded material when stress-related enzyme and magnetic field was applied to the carrier liposomes. The theranostic liposomes were found in tumors, and the improved therapeutic effect was shown in the survival studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Sight of Gastro-Intestinal Cancer)
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Review

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26 pages, 1154 KiB  
Review
Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer: An Unexplored Territory
by Sajeen Bahadur Amatya, Sonja Salmi, Veera Kainulainen, Peeter Karihtala and Justus Reunanen
Cancers 2021, 13(21), 5450; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13215450 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4417
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed, lipid bi-layer nanostructures that carry different classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and diverse types of small molecular metabolites, as their cargo. Almost all of the bacteria in the gut secrete extracellular vesicles to assist [...] Read more.
Bacterial extracellular vesicles are membrane-enclosed, lipid bi-layer nanostructures that carry different classes of biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, and diverse types of small molecular metabolites, as their cargo. Almost all of the bacteria in the gut secrete extracellular vesicles to assist them in competition, survival, material exchange, host immune modulation, infection, and invasion. The role of gut microbiota in the development, progression, and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract (GIT) cancer has been well documented. However, the possible involvement of bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) in GIT cancer pathophysiology has not been given due attention. Studies have illustrated the ability of bEVs to cross physiological barriers, selectively accumulate near tumor cells, and possibly alter the tumor microenvironment (TME). A systematic search of original published works related to bacterial extracellular vesicles on gastrointestinal cancer was performed for this review. The current systemic review outlines the possible impact of gut microbiota derived bEVs in GIT cancer in light of present-day understanding. The necessity of using advanced sequencing technologies, such as genetic, proteomic, and metabolomic investigation methodologies, to facilitate an understanding of the interrelationship between cancer-associated bacterial vesicles and gastrointestinal cancer is also emphasized. We further discuss the clinical and pharmaceutical potential of bEVs, along with future efforts needed to understand the mechanism of interaction of bEVs in GIT cancer pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Sight of Gastro-Intestinal Cancer)
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