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Cancers
Special Issues
The Surgical Management of Neuroendocrine Tumor
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The Surgical Management of Neuroendocrine Tumor

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2023) | Viewed by 4982

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Monika Serke

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Thoracic Oncology/Pneumology, Lung Clinic Hemer, 58675 Hemer, Germany
Interests: lung cancer chemotherapy; immunotherapy; targeted therapy
Dr. Stefan Welter

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Lung Clinic Hemer, 58675 Hemer, Germany
Interests: lung cancer surgery; segmentectomy; pulmonary metastasectomy; minimally invasive surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) account for nearly 0.5% of all malignancies and arise in different parts of the human body, with an increased frequency in gastrointestinal tract, with around 65%, and the lung, with around 25%. NET mainly comprises two groups concerning histology, clinical behavior and prognosis: a low- and intermediate-grade group of tumors and a high-grade group with poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas. To make things even more difficult, there are several genetic alterations, such as:

  • Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia-Syndrome 1 (MEN1) affecting the pancreas, pituitary gland and parathyroid gland;
  • MEN 2 Syndromes affecting the thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, the adrenals and the nervous system;
  • Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) affecting the lungs.

These are important triggers of NET formation. The secretion of neuroendocrine messenger substances can cause paraneoplastic syndromes more often than in other cancer types. Non-curative surgery can play a role in this situation, for example, by controlling severe carcinoid syndromes.

While the treatment of low-grade NETs is one domain of oncologic surgery, high-grade NETs tend to metastasize early and only multimodality treatment in early stages preserves the chance for healing. Generally, multimodality cancer treatment is a field of rapid innovation concerning lung and gastrointestinal cancers, but little is known about NETs and their response to modern neoadjuvant regimens, including checkpoint immunotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Characterizing the commonalities of NETs in different organs, as well as explaining the differences in therapeutic strategies based on histology, genetic alterations and paraneoplastic syndromes will support a deeper understanding of neuroendocrine tumors and will serve as a basis to develop innovative new treatment concepts.

This Special Issue will provide an overview of the similarities between and mutual treatment strategies for NETs, but will also highlight the current state-of-the-art and organ-specific features of surgical treatment of NETs.

Dr. Monika Serke
Dr. Stefan Welter
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • typical and atypical carcinoid tumour
  • sleeve-resection
  • LCNEC
  • SCLC
  • somatostatin-analoga
  • MEN
  • multimodality treatment

Published Papers (3 papers)

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10 pages, 584 KiB  
Article
Significance of the Surgical Treatment with Lymph Node Dissection for Neuroendocrine Tumors of Thymus
by Naoko Ose, Soichiro Funaki, Takashi Kanou, Toru Kimura, Eriko Fukui, Eiichi Morii and Yasushi Shintani
Cancers 2023, 15(8), 2370; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15082370 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1313
Abstract
Background: Neuroendocrine tumors of a thymus (NETTs) are rare, accounting for approximately 2–5% of all thymic epithelial tumors, and have a poor prognosis due to frequent lymph nodes or distant metastasis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological background and outcomes of 40 patients [...] Read more.
Background: Neuroendocrine tumors of a thymus (NETTs) are rare, accounting for approximately 2–5% of all thymic epithelial tumors, and have a poor prognosis due to frequent lymph nodes or distant metastasis. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological background and outcomes of 40 patients who underwent resection or surgical biopsy with histologically diagnosed NETTs from 1986 to 2022. Results: The most common pathological type was atypical carcinoid. Surgical resection was performed in 35 patients, with lymph node dissection in 33 and surgical biopsy in five. The overall survival (OS) rate for all patients was 81.4% and 52.3% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The 2-year survival rate was 20% for the biopsy group, which was significantly worse than that of the resected group (p < 0.001). The relapse-free survival rates were 61.7% and 37.6% at 5 and 10 years, respectively, in 34 patients with complete resection. The univariate analysis revealed better the OS rate in the resected cases but with no significant differences between histological grade, lymph node metastasis, tumor size, or Ki67 index. Conclusions: Surgical complete resection is considered to improve prognosis regardless of histologic type. NETTs frequently develop lymph node metastasis, thus, lymph node dissection seems necessary for complete resection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Surgical Management of Neuroendocrine Tumor)
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Review

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11 pages, 512 KiB  
Review
Salvage Surgery for Small-Cell Lung Cancer—A Literature Review
by Natalia Motas, Veronica Manolache, Marco Scarci, Victor Nimigean, Vanda Roxana Nimigean, Laurentiu Simion, Madalina Cristiana Mizea, Oana Gabriela Trifanescu, Bianca Galateanu, Mirela Gherghe, Cristina Mirela Capsa, Diego Gonzalez-Rivas and Mihnea Dan Davidescu
Cancers 2023, 15(8), 2241; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15082241 - 11 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1536
Abstract
(1) Background: Salvation surgery for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is exceptionally performed, and only a few cases are published. (2) Methods: There are 6 publications that present 17 cases of salvation surgery for SCLC—the salvation surgery was performed in the context of modern [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Salvation surgery for small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is exceptionally performed, and only a few cases are published. (2) Methods: There are 6 publications that present 17 cases of salvation surgery for SCLC—the salvation surgery was performed in the context of modern clearly established protocols for SCLC and after including SCLC in the TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) staging in 2010. (3) Results: After a median follow-up of 29 months, the estimated overall survival (OS) was 86 months. The median estimated 2-year survival was 92%, and the median estimated 5-year survival was 66%. (4) Conclusion: Salvage surgery for SCLC is a relatively new and extremely uncommon concept and represents an alternative to second-line chemotherapy. It is valuable because it may offer a reasonable treatment for selected patients, good local control, and a favorable survival outcome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Surgical Management of Neuroendocrine Tumor)
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19 pages, 2588 KiB  
Review
The Surgical Management of Lung Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
by Patrick Soldath and René Horsleben Petersen
Cancers 2023, 15(6), 1695; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15061695 - 9 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1722
Abstract
This review summarizes key recent developments relevant to the surgical management of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (L-NENs), including typical and atypical carcinoids, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma. This review includes recent insights into the classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment [...] Read more.
This review summarizes key recent developments relevant to the surgical management of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (L-NENs), including typical and atypical carcinoids, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma. This review includes recent insights into the classification, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, treatment options, and follow-up. Highlighted topics include general principles of surgery in localized or locally advanced or metastatic L-NENs, lung-sparing surgery for small, peripheral typical carcinoids, adjuvant and systemic therapies for typical and atypical carcinoids, and surgery and adjuvant therapies for large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Surgical Management of Neuroendocrine Tumor)
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