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Laser Surface Engineering: Technologies and Applications
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Laser Surface Engineering: Technologies and Applications

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Laser Coatings".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 March 2025 | Viewed by 9933

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xingsheng Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
Interests: laser micro/nano-fabrication; process optimization in laser micro-machining; laser machining system
Dr. Youqiang Xing

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Interests: tool coatings; green machining; additive manufacturing, micro/nano machining
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite you to submit your technological contributions and manuscripts to this Special Issue, “Laser Surface Engineering: Technologies and Applications”.

Laser surface treatment can modify the surface composition and properties of materials in a highly controllable and flexible way, and their applications have begun to transition from the laboratory to the engineering. The unique feature of this technology is the ability to add extensive surface functionality by texturing, structuring, micro/nano machining, cleaning, polishing or the shock peening of diverse materials, accompanied by protective coatings. Accordingly, improving surface tribological, joining/adhesion properties and the creation of superhydrophobic, superhydrophilic, iceophobic, oleophobic, and colorful surfaces promote their applications for one-of-a-kind products.

This Special Issue will attract state-of-the-art contributions related to novel laser surface treatment technologies and coating techniques with characterization relevant to surface modification along with unique fabrication methodologies for evolving manufacturing fields.

Topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Laser surface texturing/ treatment for surface modification;
  • Laser micro/nano machining technologies, creating micro/nanofeatures, and modeling studies;
  • Laser surface treatment for tuning wettability, friction and wear, reflectively and adhesion;
  • Textured/structured and engineered surfaces and their applications;
  • Applications of ultrafast lasers for material surface modification.

Dr. Xingsheng Wang
Dr. Youqiang Xing
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • laser surface texturing
  • laser surface treatment
  • surface functionalization
  • laser micromachining
  • laser surface applications
  • laser additive manufacturing

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 14704 KiB  
Article
Improvement of Fatigue Strength in Additively Manufactured Aluminum Alloy AlSi10Mg via Submerged Laser Peening
by Hitoshi Soyama
Coatings 2024, 14(9), 1174; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14091174 - 11 Sep 2024
Viewed by 705
Abstract
As the fatigue properties of as-built components of additively manufactured (AM) metals are considerably weaker than those of wrought metals because of their rougher surface, post-processing is necessary to improve the fatigue properties. To demonstrate the improvement in the fatigue properties of AM [...] Read more.
As the fatigue properties of as-built components of additively manufactured (AM) metals are considerably weaker than those of wrought metals because of their rougher surface, post-processing is necessary to improve the fatigue properties. To demonstrate the improvement in the fatigue properties of AM metals via post-processing methods, the fabrication of AlSi10Mg, i.e., PBF–LS/AlSi10Mg, through powder bed fusion (PBF) using laser sintering (LS) and its treatment via submerged laser peening (SLP), using a fiber laser and/or a Nd/YAG laser, was evaluated via plane bending fatigue tests. In SLP, laser ablation (LA) is generated by a pulsed laser and a bubble is generated after LA, which behaves like a cavitation bubble that is referred to as “laser cavitation (LC)”. In this paper, LA-dominated SLP is referred to as “laser treatment (LT)”, while LC collapse-dominated SLP is referred to as “laser cavitation peening (LCP)”, as the impact of LC collapse is used for peening. It was revealed that SLP using a fiber laser corresponded with LT rather than LCP. It was demonstrated that the fatigue strength at N = 107 was 85 MPa for LCP and 103 MPa for the combined process of blasting (B) + LT + LCP, whereas the fatigue strength of the as-built specimen was 54 MPa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Surface Engineering: Technologies and Applications)
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25 pages, 36685 KiB  
Article
Laser Cleaning Combined with Cladding Improves Cladding Quality for Repairing Steel Plates in Pressure Vessels
by Kaijun Fan, Yongjun Shi, Youfan Xu, Shuyao Wang, Qin Wang, Ying Li, Cheng Zhang and Zhaojian Li
Coatings 2024, 14(4), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14040508 - 19 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1411
Abstract
Good-quality metallurgical bonding and a high degree of automation are critical for using laser cladding technology in on-site repairs. At present, most of the on-site repairs are carried out manually, which can bring about problems such as complicated operation procedures, uneven repair quality, [...] Read more.
Good-quality metallurgical bonding and a high degree of automation are critical for using laser cladding technology in on-site repairs. At present, most of the on-site repairs are carried out manually, which can bring about problems such as complicated operation procedures, uneven repair quality, and personnel injuries. In this study, a surface repair method that combined laser cleaning with cladding (LCC) was proposed. First, the plates were scanned with a high-frequency pulsed laser to remove the surface impurity layer. The surface was then coated with Inconel 625 powder while irradiated with a continuous laser for the cladding. Both the macro-morphology and microstructure of the surface were examined, and mechanical property tests were also conducted. The metallographic and scanning electron microscope images indicated that, compared to the manual polishing and laser cladding process, the LCC specimens had a better metallurgical bonding quality and a thicker clad layer. The average hardness of the clad layer on the LCC specimens was high at 256.47 HV, 36.2% higher than that of the Q345R substrate. Compared to the Q345R specimens of the same size, the LCC specimens showed an increased impact on the energy absorption, yield strength, and tensile strength. This study provides a new approach for improving the automation and cladding quality of on-site repairs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Surface Engineering: Technologies and Applications)
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16 pages, 31848 KiB  
Article
Laser–Chemical Surface Treatment for Enhanced Anti-Corrosion and Antibacterial Properties of Magnesium Alloy
by Wei Xiong, Jiajun Fu, Chao Liu, Li Li, Huixin Wang, Mingjun Zhang, Zhiqiang Ge, Tairui Zhang and Qinghua Wang
Coatings 2024, 14(3), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14030287 - 27 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1803
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloy with good biomechanical and biocompatible properties is considered to be a promising biodegradable material for various applications. However, Mg alloy that is chemically active tends to be corroded in a physiological environment. In this work, we proposed a laser–chemical surface [...] Read more.
Magnesium (Mg) alloy with good biomechanical and biocompatible properties is considered to be a promising biodegradable material for various applications. However, Mg alloy that is chemically active tends to be corroded in a physiological environment. In this work, we proposed a laser–chemical surface treatment to combine laser surface structuring and stearic immersion treatment to enhance the anti-corrosion and antibacterial properties of Mg alloy. The effects of surface structuring, chemistry, and wettability were analyzed, and the performance of the proposed technique was evaluated in terms of corrosion resistance and antibacterial properties. The experiments showed the following: (1) surface structuring by laser-induced dual-scale micro/nanostructures produced superhydrophilicity, with a water contact angle (WCA) of 0° on the surface of the Mg alloy; (2) applying the stearic acid immersion changed the chemistry of the Mg alloy’s surface and thus facilitated the wettability transition to superhydrophobicity, with a WCA of 160.1° ± 0.5°; (3) the proposed laser–chemical surface treatment enhanced corrosion resistance and stabilized the wettability of Mg alloy in a corrosive medium significantly; and (4) the proposed laser–chemical surface treatment enhanced the antibacterial properties of the Mg alloy greatly, with an improved antibacterial rate as high as 82.05%. This work proved that the proposed laser–chemical surface treatment was a simple, effective, and efficient technique to modulate and control the wettability and further improve the anti-corrosion and antibacterial properties of the Mg alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Surface Engineering: Technologies and Applications)
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14 pages, 5795 KiB  
Article
Laser Processing of Liquid Feedstock Plasma-Sprayed Lithium Titanium Oxide Solid-State-Battery Electrode
by Arman Hasani, Mathis Luya, Nikhil Kamboj, Chinmayee Nayak, Shrikant Joshi, Antti Salminen, Sneha Goel and Ashish Ganvir
Coatings 2024, 14(2), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14020224 - 12 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1893
Abstract
The astonishing safety and capacity characteristics of solid-state-batteries are encouraging researchers and companies to work on the manufacturing, development, and characterization of battery materials. In the present work, the effects of laser beam interaction with a liquid feedstock plasma-sprayed ceramic solid-state-battery (SSB) material [...] Read more.
The astonishing safety and capacity characteristics of solid-state-batteries are encouraging researchers and companies to work on the manufacturing, development, and characterization of battery materials. In the present work, the effects of laser beam interaction with a liquid feedstock plasma-sprayed ceramic solid-state-battery (SSB) material coating were studied. Lithium Titanium Oxide (LTO) in the form of an aqueous suspension consisting of submicron powder particles was plasma-sprayed for the first time using a high-power axial III plasma torch on an aluminum substrate. The plasma-sprayed LTO coating suspension was subsequently post-processed using a fiber laser. The energy input of the laser beam on the surface of the deposited layer was the main variable. By varying the laser power and laser processing speed, the energy input values were varied, with values of 3.8 J/mm2, 9.6 J/mm2, 765.9 J/mm2, and 1914.6 J/mm2, and their effects on some key characteristics such as laser-processed zone dimensions and chemical composition were investigated. The results indicated that changing the laser beam parameter values has appreciable effects on the geometry, surface morphology, and elemental distribution of laser-processed zones; for instance, the highest energy inputs were 33% and 152%, respectively, higher than the lowest energy input. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Surface Engineering: Technologies and Applications)
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13 pages, 41386 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Micron-Structured Heatable Graphene Hydrophobic Surfaces for Deicing and Anti-Icing by Laser Direct Writing
by Shichen Li, Mian Zhong, Yao Zou, Man Xu, Xinyi Liu, Xiaoqing Xing, Huazhong Zhang, Yong Jiang, Chao Qiu, Wenfeng Qin, Meng Li, Qiang He and Chao Zhou
Coatings 2023, 13(9), 1559; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13091559 - 6 Sep 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1848
Abstract
As a novel method to prepare graphene, the laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has numerous outstanding properties and has been widely applied in various fields. Nevertheless, the challenge remains to easily and efficiently prepare multifunctional surfaces of graphene through laser microregulation and fine structure [...] Read more.
As a novel method to prepare graphene, the laser-induced graphene (LIG) technology has numerous outstanding properties and has been widely applied in various fields. Nevertheless, the challenge remains to easily and efficiently prepare multifunctional surfaces of graphene through laser microregulation and fine structure design. Here, we successfully fabricated a micron-structure gully graphene surface with hydrophobicity and electrothermal functionality under atmospheric conditions using a 10.6 μm CO2 laser to directly write on the surface of a polyimide film (PI). The impact of the laser scanning speed on the surface morphology and chemical composition of the product was investigated by analyzing the SEM (scanning electron microscope) observations and Raman spectra, respectively. The mechanical stability of the surface was studied by analyzing the contact angle of water droplets on the surface after mechanical circulation and the delayed icing effect after repeated icing. The deicing and anti-icing performance of the surface were analyzed based on its resistance to surface icing and electric deicing time. According to the experimental results, we first observed a linear negative correlation between the generated structure linewidth and the laser scanning speed. Additionally, we successfully achieved one-step preparation of primitive continuous graphene structures with a superhydrophobic capability (151°). Furthermore, our findings indicate that micron-structured graphene surfaces exhibit excellent mechanical stability, effectively delay icing formation, and demonstrate efficient electric deicing effects. These results demonstrate the potential application of CO2 laser-induced graphene technology in the field of surface preparation for deicing and anti-icing. This work offers a novel one-step approach for the fabrication of micron-structured heatable graphene surfaces with simultaneous superhydrophobicity, deicing, and anti-icing functionalities on polymer substrates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Surface Engineering: Technologies and Applications)
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22 pages, 8707 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Overflow-Water-Assisted Femtosecond Laser-Induced Plasma Modulation of Microchannel Morphology
by Runhan Zhao, Chenbin Ma, Xiaojie Gao, Hailong Zhang and Xingsheng Wang
Coatings 2023, 13(9), 1541; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13091541 - 2 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1488
Abstract
Laser-induced plasma micromachining (LIPMM) process is an effective approach to create microfeatures with high aspect ratio (AR) and reduced heat affected zone (HAZ). Therefore, LIPMM plays a crucial role in improving the morphology of microchannels. In this study, microchannels were fabricated using a [...] Read more.
Laser-induced plasma micromachining (LIPMM) process is an effective approach to create microfeatures with high aspect ratio (AR) and reduced heat affected zone (HAZ). Therefore, LIPMM plays a crucial role in improving the morphology of microchannels. In this study, microchannels were fabricated using a femtosecond laser with two distinct sets of process parameters under three different processing methods: overflow-water-assisted laser-induced plasma micromachining (OF-LIPMM), laser direct writing (LDW), and static water laser-induced plasma micromachining (S-LIPMM). Furthermore, single-factor experiments were conducted to systematically analyze the effects of four parameters, namely single-pulse energy, scanning speed, scanning times, and frequency, on the HAZ, AR, and material removal rate (MRR) of the microchannels. Finally, the optimized parameters determined from the single-factor experiments were applied for large-scale grid fabrication on a surface. The experimental results revealed that OF-LIPMM enables the creation of two different kinds of microchannel surfaces: one microchannel was fabricated with a higher AR of 3:1 and a larger HAZ, while another microchannel was created with a lower AR of 1:1 and a reduced HAZ. Moreover, the parameters investigated in the single-factor experiments can be applied to large-scale processing. The results also indicate that variations of the scanning speed, frequency, and single-pulse energy have similar effects on the machining characteristics of the three processing methods. The findings enable the generation of microchannels with favorable morphological characteristics and have significant implications for the large-scale production of both types of microchannels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Surface Engineering: Technologies and Applications)
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