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Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of Alloy/Coatings, 2nd Edition
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Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of Alloy/Coatings, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Tribology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 3110

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Saideep Muskeri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
Interests: high-entropy alloy; tribological behavior; mechanical behavior
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The development of novel alloys and coatings that facilitate friction reduction and wear control between interacting surfaces in relative motion, whether lubricated or unlubricated, is critical in enhancing the efficiency and longevity of mechanical systems. A thorough understanding of the mechanical properties of these novel alloys and coatings is essential in predicting their operational load range and potential elastic/plastic deformation during service. Additionally, insights into the physical and chemical surface interactions that occur between contacting pairs can drive advancements in materials and surface finishes, ultimately reducing energy consumption in technical equipment.

In this context, we are pleased to announce a new Special Issue of Coatings dedicated to collecting original research articles focused on tribological studies and mechanical properties in novel alloys and coatings. Submissions should explore these properties on the macro-, micro-, and nanoscale, encompassing a variety of structures, such as monolayers, multilayers, functionally graded architectures, and bioinspired hierarchical designs using metals, nitrides, and ceramics.

We invite researchers and experts to contribute their findings to this Special Issue, with the aim of advancing our knowledge and application of cutting-edge materials in tribology and mechanical engineering.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Saideep Muskeri
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioinspired hierarchical structures
  • graded architecture
  • multilayers
  • tribology
  • friction and wear

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3204 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Nano-Silicon Carbide on the Properties of Aluminum Alloy Under Salt Dry–Wet Alternations
by Shengpeng Song, Chuanyuan Liu, Wentao Chen, Zhen Wang, Chuanyin Wang, Zihao Cao, Hui Wang and Feiting Shi
Coatings 2024, 14(11), 1472; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14111472 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 375
Abstract
In this study, the influence of silicon carbide on an aluminum alloy’s yield tensile strength, ultimate tensile strength, compressive strength, tensile toughness and impact toughness were investigated. Meanwhile, the aluminum alloy specimens were exposed to the dry–wet alternations with a 3% NaCl solution [...] Read more.
In this study, the influence of silicon carbide on an aluminum alloy’s yield tensile strength, ultimate tensile strength, compressive strength, tensile toughness and impact toughness were investigated. Meanwhile, the aluminum alloy specimens were exposed to the dry–wet alternations with a 3% NaCl solution or 3% Na2SO4 solution. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photos and scanning electron microscopy energy spectra (SEM-EDS) were obtained. The results indicate that the silicon carbide with a mass ratio of 0%~8% of the total mass of the aluminum alloy can increase the yield tensile strength, the ultimate tensile strength, and the compressive strength by rates of 0%~30.4%, 0%~14.1% and 0%~13.1%. However, when the mass ratio of the silicon carbide increased from 8% to 10%, the yield tensile strength, the ultimate tensile strength and the compressive strength decreased by rates of 0%~3.2%, 0%~2.6% and 0%~0.43%. The tensile toughness and the impact toughness decreased when silicon carbide was added, with reduction rates of 0%~15.3% and 0%~12.8%. The NaCl dry–wet alternations led to decreases in the yield tensile strength, the ultimate tensile strength, the compressive strength, the tensile toughness and the impact toughness by rates of 0%~7.3%, 0%~6.7%, 0%~13.9%, 0%~12.7% and 0%~11.2%, respectively. After the Na2SO4 dry–wet alternations, the corresponding decreasing rates were 0%~5.1%, 0%~5.4%, 0%~1.73%, 0%~11.4% and 0%~9.7%. The addition of silicon carbide resulted in a decrease in the effect on the mechanical strength by the NaCl and Na2SO4 dry–wet alternations. The elements carbon, oxygen, magnesium, aluminum and silicon were observed in the aluminum alloy. The structures of the aluminum alloy with 8% silicon carbide were the highest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of Alloy/Coatings, 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 5245 KiB  
Article
Ball-on-Disk Wear Maps for Bearing Steel–Hard Anodized EN AW-6082 Aluminum Alloy Tribocouple in Dry Sliding Conditions
by Enrico Baroni, Annalisa Fortini, Lorenzo Meo, Chiara Soffritti, Mattia Merlin and Gian Luca Garagnani
Coatings 2024, 14(11), 1469; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14111469 - 19 Nov 2024
Viewed by 360
Abstract
In recent years, Golden Hard Anodizing (G.H.A.®) has been developed as a variant of the traditional hard anodizing process with the addition of Ag+ ions in the nanoporous structure. The tribological properties of this innovative surface treatment are still not [...] Read more.
In recent years, Golden Hard Anodizing (G.H.A.®) has been developed as a variant of the traditional hard anodizing process with the addition of Ag+ ions in the nanoporous structure. The tribological properties of this innovative surface treatment are still not well understood. In this study, ball-on-disk tests were conducted in dry sliding conditions using 100Cr6 (AISI 52100) bearing steel balls as a counterbody and GHA®-anodized EN AW-6082 aluminum alloy disks. The novelty of this work lies in the mapping of the wear properties of the tribocouple under different test conditions for a better comparison of the results. Three different normal loads (equal to 5, 10, and 15 N) and three different reciprocating frequencies (equal to 2, 3, and 4 Hz) were selected to investigate a spectrum of operating conditions for polished and unpolished G.H.A.®-anodized EN AW-6082 aluminum alloy. Quantitative wear maps were built based on the resulting wear rate values to define the critical operating limits of the considered tribocouple. The results suggest that the coefficient of friction (COF) was independent of test conditions, while different wear maps were found for polished and non-polished surfaces. Polishing before anodizing permitted the acquisition of lower wear for the anodized disks and the steel balls. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of Alloy/Coatings, 2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 3566 KiB  
Article
First-Principles Calculations on Relative Energetic Stability, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of B2-AlRE (RE = Sc, Y, La-Lu) Phases
by Faxin Xiao, Zixiong Ruan, Rui Chen, Wei Yin and Touwen Fan
Coatings 2024, 14(11), 1346; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14111346 - 22 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 630
Abstract
The relative energetic stability, mechanical properties, and thermodynamic behavior of B2-AlRE (RE = Sc, Y, La-Lu) second phases in Al alloys have been investigated through the integration of first-principles calculations with the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) model. The results demonstrate a linear increase in [...] Read more.
The relative energetic stability, mechanical properties, and thermodynamic behavior of B2-AlRE (RE = Sc, Y, La-Lu) second phases in Al alloys have been investigated through the integration of first-principles calculations with the quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) model. The results demonstrate a linear increase in the calculated equilibrium lattice constant a0 with the ascending atomic number of RE, while the enthalpy of formation ΔHf exhibits more fluctuating variations. The lattice mismatch δ between B2-AlRE and Al matrix is closely correlated with the transferred electron et occurring between Al and RE atoms. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the B2-AlRE phases are determined. It is observed that the calculated elastic constants Cij, bulk modulus BH, shear modulus GH, and Young’s modulus EH initially decrease with increasing atomic number from Sc to Ce and then increase up to Lu. The calculated Cauchy pressure C12-C44, Pugh’s ratio B/G, and Poisson’s ratio ν for all AlRE particles exhibit a pronounced directional covalent characteristic as well as uniform deformation and ductility. With the rise in temperature, the calculated vibrational entropy (Svib) and heat capacity (CV) of AlRE compounds exhibit a consistent increasing trend, while the Gibbs free energy (F) shows a linear decrease across all temperature ranges. The expansion coefficient (αT) sharply increases within the temperature range of 0~300 K, followed by a slight change, except for Al, AlHo, AlCe, and AlLu, which show a linear increase after 300 K. As the atomic number increases, both Svib and CV increase from Sc to La before stabilizing; however, F initially decreases from Sc to Y before increasing up to La with subsequent stability. All thermodynamic parameters demonstrate similar trends at lower and higher temperatures. This study provides valuable insights for evaluating high-performance aluminum alloys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of Alloy/Coatings, 2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 6457 KiB  
Article
Mechanical and Tribological Properties of the CrAl/CrAlN and CrAl/CrAlN-(a-CNx) Multilayers Deposited by HIPIMS
by Cecilio J. Martínez-González, Max F. Flores-Jiménez, David I. Bravo-Barcenas, Omar Jiménez-Alemán and Martín Flores-Martínez
Coatings 2023, 13(8), 1344; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081344 - 31 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1564
Abstract
In this study, two CrAl/CrAlN multilayer coatings of 1.5 µm and 1.2 µm thicknesses were deposited from a (50:50) CrAl sectioned target by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) onto A11 tool steel to evaluate the effect over mechanical and tribological properties by the [...] Read more.
In this study, two CrAl/CrAlN multilayer coatings of 1.5 µm and 1.2 µm thicknesses were deposited from a (50:50) CrAl sectioned target by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HIPIMS) onto A11 tool steel to evaluate the effect over mechanical and tribological properties by the addition of an (a-CNx) top layer. XRD analysis showed a CrAlN FCC structure (111) and a Cr phase (110). A glass-like morphology was observed in the CrAl layer and in the (a-CNx) top layer, while the CrAlN layers exhibited a columnar morphology according to the FE-SEM analysis. Raman analysis results confirmed characteristic peaks G and D for the carbon amorphous structure of the (a-CNx) top layer. Nanoindentation results showed comparable hardnesses (23.08 GPa ± 2.8 and 20.58 GPa ± 1.8) in both multilayer coatings. The CrAl/CrAlN multilayer with an (a-CNx) top layer increased the absorption energy capacity and the mechanical potential energy stored. The nano scratch test showed the strongest crack resistance and highest adhesive energy values for the CrAl/CrAlN multilayer. The addition of an (a-CNx) top layer improved the tribological behavior when higher normal loads were applied during the fretting test. Raman analysis showed an increase in the I(D)/I(G) ratio and a formation of a carbon sp2 structure (i.e., graphite-like structure) over the worn surfaces, as well as dissipated energy (J/m) during the fretting test. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Tribological Behavior of Alloy/Coatings, 2nd Edition)
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