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Current Oncology
Special Issues
Ovarian Cancer in the Age of Precision Medicine
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Ovarian Cancer in the Age of Precision Medicine

A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729). This special issue belongs to the section "Gynecologic Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2024 | Viewed by 6699

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Alicia A. Tone

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ovarian Cancer Canada, Toronto, ON M5A 1E3, Canada
Interests: ovarian cancer; prevention; genetics; molecular pathology; precision oncology; patient engagement

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ovarian cancer remains the most fatal gynecologic malignancy, with no effective screening modalities or diagnostic tests. While recent treatment advances are enabling a subset of people diagnosed with ovarian cancer to live longer with a better quality of life, few options exist for many patients and long-term survival outcomes have not changed in 50 years. This Special Issue will focus on the progress, challenges, and promise of omics to enable precision medicine for individuals with all types of ovarian cancer and how advances in precision medicine along the entire care continuum (prevention, diagnosis, treatment, survivorship) are needed to improve patient outcomes. The important role of the patient voice in shaping precision medicine strategies—in addition to equitable access to advances for all individuals with or at risk for ovarian cancer—will also be included.

In this Special Issue, original research articles, commentaries, and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • New samples, technologies, and/or approaches for early detection, most notably for high-grade serous ovarian/tubal/peritoneal cancer;
  • Targeted prevention strategies based on lifetime risk of ovarian cancer;
  • Novel precision treatments for less common types of ovarian cancer;
  • Understanding and overcoming resistance to targeted treatments;
  • Using omics to increase the efficacy of immune-based treatments in ovarian cancer;
  • Patient engagement in basic, preclinical, and clinical research investigating precision medicine strategies;
  • Novel approaches for personalized survivorship.

I look forward to receiving your contributions. 

Dr. Alicia A. Tone
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Oncology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ovarian cancer
  • omics
  • prevention
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • survivorship
  • equity
  • patient engagement
 

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 992 KiB  
Article
Real-World Safety of Niraparib for Maintenance Treatment of Ovarian Cancer in Canada
by Qi Guan, Suriya J. Aktar, Reka E. Pataky, Mariet Mathew Stephen, Maud Marques, Karen Gambaro, Kahina Rachedi, Katharina Forster, Samara Strub, David Stock, Louis de Léséleuc, Winson Y. Cheung, Stuart Peacock, Christie Farrer, Scott Gavura, Mina Tadrous, Robert C. Grant and Kelvin K. W. Chan
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3591-3602; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060264 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 912
Abstract
Niraparib was recently funded in Canada for the maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer following platinum-based chemotherapy. However, the drug’s safety profile in the real world remains uncertain. We conducted a cohort study to describe the patient population using niraparib and the proportion that [...] Read more.
Niraparib was recently funded in Canada for the maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer following platinum-based chemotherapy. However, the drug’s safety profile in the real world remains uncertain. We conducted a cohort study to describe the patient population using niraparib and the proportion that experienced adverse events between June 2019 and December 2022 in four Canadian provinces (Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia [BC], and Quebec). We used administrative data and electronic medical records from Ontario Health, Alberta Health Services, and BC Cancer, and registry data from Exactis Innovation. We summarized baseline characteristics using descriptive statistics and reported safety outcomes using cumulative incidence. We identified 514 patients receiving niraparib. Mean age was 67 years and most were initiated on a daily dose of 100 or 200 mg/day. Grade 3/4 anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia occurred in 11–16% of the cohort. In Ontario, the three-month cumulative incidence of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was 11.6% (95% CI, 8.3–15.4%), neutropenia was 7.1% (95% CI, 4.6–10.4%), and anemia was 11.3% (95% CI, 8.0–15.2%). Cumulative incidences in the remaining provinces were similar. Initial daily dose and proportions of hematological adverse events were low in the real world and may be related to cautious prescribing and close monitoring by clinicians. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Cancer in the Age of Precision Medicine)
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23 pages, 3577 KiB  
Article
Immunogenicity of Non-Mutated Ovarian Cancer-Specific Antigens
by Leslie Hesnard, Catherine Thériault, Maxime Cahuzac, Chantal Durette, Krystel Vincent, Marie-Pierre Hardy, Joël Lanoix, Gabriel Ouellet Lavallée, Juliette Humeau, Pierre Thibault and Claude Perreault
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3099-3121; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060236 - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 588
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not significantly benefited from advances in immunotherapy, mainly because of the lack of well-defined actionable antigen targets. Using proteogenomic analyses of primary EOC tumors, we previously identified 91 aberrantly expressed tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) originating from unmutated genomic sequences. [...] Read more.
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not significantly benefited from advances in immunotherapy, mainly because of the lack of well-defined actionable antigen targets. Using proteogenomic analyses of primary EOC tumors, we previously identified 91 aberrantly expressed tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) originating from unmutated genomic sequences. Most of these TSAs derive from non-exonic regions, and their expression results from cancer-specific epigenetic changes. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of 48 TSAs selected according to two criteria: presentation by highly prevalent HLA allotypes and expression in a significant fraction of EOC tumors. Using targeted mass spectrometry analyses, we found that pulsing with synthetic TSA peptides leads to a high-level presentation on dendritic cells. TSA abundance correlated with the predicted binding affinity to the HLA allotype. We stimulated naïve CD8 T cells from healthy blood donors with TSA-pulsed dendritic cells and assessed their expansion with two assays: MHC-peptide tetramer staining and TCR Vβ CDR3 sequencing. We report that these TSAs can expand sizeable populations of CD8 T cells and, therefore, represent attractive targets for EOC immunotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Cancer in the Age of Precision Medicine)
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10 pages, 1507 KiB  
Article
The Development and Testing of a Patient Decision Aid for Individuals with Homologous Recombinant Proficient Ovarian Cancer Who Are Considering Niraparib Maintenance Therapy
by Laura Hopkins, Mark Carey, Linda Brown, Sabryna McCrea, Mark Milne, Dawne Tokaryk and Dawn Stacey
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(3), 1416-1425; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31030107 - 8 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1374
Abstract
New treatments for ovarian cancer are available that require trade-offs between progression-free survival and quality of life. The aim of this study was to develop a decision aid for patients with homologous recombinant proficient (HRP) tumors, as the benefit–harm ratio of niraparib needs [...] Read more.
New treatments for ovarian cancer are available that require trade-offs between progression-free survival and quality of life. The aim of this study was to develop a decision aid for patients with homologous recombinant proficient (HRP) tumors, as the benefit–harm ratio of niraparib needs consideration. This decision aid was created with a systematic and iterative development process based on the Ottawa Decision Support Framework. The decision aid was user-tested for acceptability, usability, and comprehensibility using a survey completed by a sample of patients with ovarian cancer and oncologists. This decision aid follows the International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS) criteria in its development. User-test respondents (n = 13 patients; 13 physicians) reported that the decision aid used language that was easy to follow (69% patients; 85% physicians), was an appropriate length (69% patients; 62% physicians) and provided the right amount of information (54% patients; 54% physicians). Most respondents (92% patients; 62% physicians) would recommend this decision aid for HRP patients considering niraparib. This is the first decision aid for patients with HRP ovarian cancers who are considering niraparib maintenance therapy. It is available on-line and is being further evaluated in a pragmatic clinical trial in Saskatchewan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Cancer in the Age of Precision Medicine)
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Review

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19 pages, 1720 KiB  
Review
The Complex Tumor Microenvironment in Ovarian Cancer: Therapeutic Challenges and Opportunities
by Bianca Garlisi, Sylvia Lauks, Caroline Aitken, Leslie M. Ogilvie, Cielle Lockington, Duncan Petrik, Jan Soeren Eichhorn and Jim Petrik
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(7), 3826-3844; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31070283 - 1 Jul 2024
Viewed by 878
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) in ovarian cancer (OC) has much greater complexity than previously understood. In response to aggressive pro-angiogenic stimulus, blood vessels form rapidly and are dysfunctional, resulting in poor perfusion, tissue hypoxia, and leakiness, which leads to increased interstitial fluid pressure [...] Read more.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) in ovarian cancer (OC) has much greater complexity than previously understood. In response to aggressive pro-angiogenic stimulus, blood vessels form rapidly and are dysfunctional, resulting in poor perfusion, tissue hypoxia, and leakiness, which leads to increased interstitial fluid pressure (IFP). Decreased perfusion and high IFP significantly inhibit the uptake of therapies into the tumor. Within the TME, there are numerous inhibitor cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor association macrophages (TAMs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that secrete high numbers of immunosuppressive cytokines. This immunosuppressive environment is thought to contribute to the lack of success of immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. This review discusses the components of the TME in OC, how these characteristics impede therapeutic efficacy, and some strategies to alleviate this inhibition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Cancer in the Age of Precision Medicine)
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16 pages, 1586 KiB  
Review
Ovarian Cancer: From Precursor Lesion Identification to Population-Based Prevention Programs
by Ramlogan Sowamber, Alexandra Lukey, David Huntsman and Gillian Hanley
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(12), 10179-10194; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30120741 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1945
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies, including high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). HGSC is often diagnosed at advanced stages and is linked to TP53 variants. While BRCA variants elevate risk, most HGSC cases occur in individuals without known genetic [...] Read more.
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous group of malignancies, including high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). HGSC is often diagnosed at advanced stages and is linked to TP53 variants. While BRCA variants elevate risk, most HGSC cases occur in individuals without known genetic variants, necessitating prevention strategies for people without known high-risk genetic variants. Effective prevention programs are also needed due to the lack of traditional screening options. An emerging primary prevention strategy is opportunistic salpingectomy, which involves removing fallopian tubes during another planned pelvic surgery. Opportunistic salpingectomy offers a safe and cost-effective preventative option that is gaining global adoption. With the publication of the first cohort study of patients who underwent salpingectomy, specifically for cancer prevention, attention has turned to broadening opportunities for salpingectomy in addition to more targeted approaches. Prevention opportunities are promising with increasing adoption of salpingectomy and the increased understanding of the etiology of the distinct histotypes of ovarian cancer. Yet, further research on targeted risk-reducing salpingectomy with thoughtful consideration of equity is necessary to reduce death and suffering from ovarian cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Cancer in the Age of Precision Medicine)
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