Next Issue
Volume 31, July
Previous Issue
Volume 31, May
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
3.3
2.8
Journals
Current Oncology
Volume 31
Issue 6
share announcement

Curr. Oncol., Volume 31, Issue 6 (June 2024) – 45 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Hepatic artery embolization (HAE) is a well-established treatment for primary and secondary hepatic malignancies. The pattern of retained contrast on immediate post-procedure CT and cone-beam CT (CBCT) after HAE has been used to document the completion of treatment and predict treatment response. Visual or subjective evaluation of the post-treatment CT or CBCT is the most popular method. However, these methods are non-automated, solely dependent on the reviewer’s assessment, and not precise when evaluating tumors with inhomogeneous uptake. Therefore, there is a need to explore other objective imaging markers. This study aimed to examine the value of automated tumor enhancement parameters on CBCT obtained before and immediately after HAE in predicting treatment response, local progression-free survival, and overall survival. View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
  • You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.
Order results
Result details
Section
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
12 pages, 699 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Hemithyroidectomy in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with an Exclusive Involvement of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve: A Retrospective Study with a Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
by Feng Zhu, Yibin Shen, Lixian Zhu, Linghui Chen, Fuqiang Li, Xiaojun Xie and Yijun Wu
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3603-3614; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060265 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 338
Abstract
Background: Involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is an important prognostic factor and is associated with a higher risk of recurrence. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the outcomes of patients treated with hemithyroidectomy (HT) in PTC [...] Read more.
Background: Involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is an important prognostic factor and is associated with a higher risk of recurrence. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the outcomes of patients treated with hemithyroidectomy (HT) in PTC patients with an exclusive RLN invasion who could not tolerate staged surgery, did not wish to undergo another operation, or had other reasons. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 163 patients with PTC and exclusive RLN involvement at our institution between 2013 and 2019. Patients were divided into a total thyroidectomy (TT) group and HT group. The clinicopathologic factors and prognostic outcomes were compared between the two groups. A propensity score-matched analysis was carried out to reduce selection bias, with the following covariates: gender, age, tumor size, multifocality, central lymph node metastasis (CLNM), and RLN resection. The Kaplan–Meier method was used for a comparison of recurrence outcomes. Results: In the baseline data of the 163 PTC patients, tumor size (p < 0.001), multifocality (p = 0.011), CLNM (p < 0.001), and RLN resection (p < 0.008) in the TT and HT groups differed significantly, whereas age and gender did not differ between the two groups. The TT group reported significantly higher temporary and permanent hypoparathyroidism than the HT group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.042, respectively). With 72-month median follow-up, 11 (6.7%) patients developed recurrence. After propensity score matching, 24 patients with HT and 43 patients with TT were included. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the matched samples showed no difference between the TT and HT groups (p = 0.092). Conclusion: Our results indicate that HT may be a feasible treatment for PTC patients with exclusive RLN involvement in specific circumstances without significantly increasing the risk of recurrence. Performing a thorough preoperative examination is crucial to exclude multifocal tumors and lymph node metastasis before undergoing HT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Head and Neck Cancer: Epidemiology, Prevention, Treatment, and Quality of Life)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 992 KiB  
Article
Real-World Safety of Niraparib for Maintenance Treatment of Ovarian Cancer in Canada
by Qi Guan, Suriya J. Aktar, Reka E. Pataky, Mariet Mathew Stephen, Maud Marques, Karen Gambaro, Kahina Rachedi, Katharina Forster, Samara Strub, David Stock, Louis de Léséleuc, Winson Y. Cheung, Stuart Peacock, Christie Farrer, Scott Gavura, Mina Tadrous, Robert C. Grant and Kelvin K. W. Chan
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3591-3602; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060264 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 660
Abstract
Niraparib was recently funded in Canada for the maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer following platinum-based chemotherapy. However, the drug’s safety profile in the real world remains uncertain. We conducted a cohort study to describe the patient population using niraparib and the proportion that [...] Read more.
Niraparib was recently funded in Canada for the maintenance treatment of ovarian cancer following platinum-based chemotherapy. However, the drug’s safety profile in the real world remains uncertain. We conducted a cohort study to describe the patient population using niraparib and the proportion that experienced adverse events between June 2019 and December 2022 in four Canadian provinces (Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia [BC], and Quebec). We used administrative data and electronic medical records from Ontario Health, Alberta Health Services, and BC Cancer, and registry data from Exactis Innovation. We summarized baseline characteristics using descriptive statistics and reported safety outcomes using cumulative incidence. We identified 514 patients receiving niraparib. Mean age was 67 years and most were initiated on a daily dose of 100 or 200 mg/day. Grade 3/4 anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia occurred in 11–16% of the cohort. In Ontario, the three-month cumulative incidence of grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia was 11.6% (95% CI, 8.3–15.4%), neutropenia was 7.1% (95% CI, 4.6–10.4%), and anemia was 11.3% (95% CI, 8.0–15.2%). Cumulative incidences in the remaining provinces were similar. Initial daily dose and proportions of hematological adverse events were low in the real world and may be related to cautious prescribing and close monitoring by clinicians. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Cancer in the Age of Precision Medicine)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1842 KiB  
Article
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Thyroid Cancer Surgery
by Max L. Lee, Uchechukwu C. Megwalu, Andrey Finegersh, Julia E. Noel and Michelle M. Chen
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3579-3590; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060263 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 374
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions to healthcare services in 2020, delaying cancer diagnosis and treatment. While early-stage thyroid cancer often progresses slowly, it is crucial to determine whether treatment delays associated with the pandemic have impacted the clinical presentation and management of [...] Read more.
The COVID-19 pandemic caused major disruptions to healthcare services in 2020, delaying cancer diagnosis and treatment. While early-stage thyroid cancer often progresses slowly, it is crucial to determine whether treatment delays associated with the pandemic have impacted the clinical presentation and management of advanced-stage thyroid cancer. The purpose of our study was to determine the impact of the early COVID-19 pandemic on thyroid cancer presentation and treatment times. Utilizing the National Cancer Database, chi-squared tests and regression analyses were performed to compare patient demographic and clinical characteristics over time for 56,011 patients diagnosed with primary thyroid cancer who were treated at the Commission on Cancer-accredited sites in 2019 and 2020. We found that thyroid cancer diagnoses decreased between 2019 and 2020, with the biggest drop among patients with cT1 disease relative to other T stages. We also found that patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer in 2020 had similar treatment times to patients diagnosed in 2019, as measured by both the time between diagnosis and start of treatment and the time between surgery and start of radioactive iodine therapy. Overall, our study suggests that resources during the pandemic were allocated to patients with advanced thyroid disease, despite a decrease in diagnoses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Head and Neck Oncology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1951 KiB  
Article
Testing Machine Learning Models to Predict Postoperative Ileus after Colorectal Surgery
by Garry Brydges, George J. Chang, Tong J. Gan, Tsuyoshi Konishi, Vijaya Gottumukkala and Abhineet Uppal
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3563-3578; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060262 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 861
Abstract
Background: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication after colorectal surgery, leading to increased hospital stay and costs. This study aimed to explore patient comorbidities that contribute to the development of POI in the colorectal surgical population and compare machine learning (ML) model [...] Read more.
Background: Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication after colorectal surgery, leading to increased hospital stay and costs. This study aimed to explore patient comorbidities that contribute to the development of POI in the colorectal surgical population and compare machine learning (ML) model accuracy to existing risk instruments. Study Design: In a retrospective study, data were collected on 316 adult patients who underwent colorectal surgery from January 2020 to December 2021. The study excluded patients undergoing multi-visceral resections, re-operations, or combined primary and metastatic resections. Patients lacking follow-up within 90 days after surgery were also excluded. Eight different ML models were trained and cross-validated using 29 patient comorbidities and four comorbidity risk indices (ASA Status, NSQIP, CCI, and ECI). Results: The study found that 6.33% of patients experienced POI. Age, BMI, gender, kidney disease, anemia, arrhythmia, rheumatoid arthritis, and NSQIP score were identified as significant predictors of POI. The ML models with the greatest accuracy were AdaBoost tuned with grid search (94.2%) and XG Boost tuned with grid search (85.2%). Conclusions: This study suggests that ML models can predict the risk of POI with high accuracy and may offer a new frontier in early detection and intervention for postoperative outcome optimization. ML models can greatly improve the prediction and prevention of POI in colorectal surgery patients, which can lead to improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs. Further research is required to validate and assess the replicability of these results. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1298 KiB  
Article
Health Economic Evaluation of Lung Cancer Screening Using a Diagnostic Blood Test: The Early Detection of Cancer of the Lung Scotland (ECLS)
by Jose Antonio Robles-Zurita, Nicola McMeekin, Frank Sullivan, Frances S. Mair and Andrew Briggs
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3546-3562; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060261 (registering DOI) - 18 Jun 2024
Viewed by 395
Abstract
Background: Diagnostic blood tests have the potential to identify lung cancer in people at high risk. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of a lung cancer screening intervention, using the EarlyCDT®-Lung Test (ECLS) with subsequent X-ray and low-dose chest CT scans (LDCT) for [...] Read more.
Background: Diagnostic blood tests have the potential to identify lung cancer in people at high risk. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of a lung cancer screening intervention, using the EarlyCDT®-Lung Test (ECLS) with subsequent X-ray and low-dose chest CT scans (LDCT) for patients with a positive test result, compared to both usual care and LDCT screening for the target population. Methods: We conducted a model-based lifetime analysis from a UK NHS and personal social services perspective. We estimated incremental net monetary benefit (NMB) for the ECLS intervention compared to no screening and to LDCT screening. Results: The incremental NMB of ECLS intervention compared to no screening was GBP 33,179 (95% CI: −GBP 81,396, GBP 147,180) and GBP 140,609 (95% CI: −GBP 36,255, GBP 316,612), respectively, for a cost-effectiveness threshold of GBP 20,000 and GBP 30,000 per quality-adjusted life year. The same figures compared with LDCT screening were GBP 162,095 (95% CI: GBP 52,698, GBP 271,735) and GBP 52,185 (95% CI: −GBP 115,152, GBP 219,711). Conclusions: The ECLS intervention is the most cost-effective screening alternative, with the highest probability of being cost-effective, when compared to no screening or LDCT screening. This result may change with modifications of the parameters, suggesting that the three alternatives considered in the main analysis are potentially cost-effective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Health Economics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 1200 KiB  
Article
Outcome of an Accelerated Treatment Algorithm for Patients Developing Diarrhea as a Complication of Ipilimumab-Based Cancer Immunotherapy in a Community Practice
by Clarice Ho and Wolfram Samlowski
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3529-3545; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060260 - 18 Jun 2024
Viewed by 458
Abstract
Immune-mediated diarrhea represents a serious complication of checkpoint inhibitor therapy, especially following ipilimumab-based treatment. Efficient diagnosis and control of diarrhea remains an ongoing challenge. We developed an accelerated management paradigm for patients with ipilimumab-induced diarrhea. Patients who developed significant diarrhea (>five loose stools/day) [...] Read more.
Immune-mediated diarrhea represents a serious complication of checkpoint inhibitor therapy, especially following ipilimumab-based treatment. Efficient diagnosis and control of diarrhea remains an ongoing challenge. We developed an accelerated management paradigm for patients with ipilimumab-induced diarrhea. Patients who developed significant diarrhea (>five loose stools/day) were presumed to be developing immune colitis. Therapy was interrupted and patients were treated with a methylprednisolone dose pack. If diarrhea was not completely resolved, high-dose steroids and infliximab were promptly added. Only non-responding patients underwent further evaluation for infection or other causes of diarrhea. A total of 242 patients were treated with ipilimumab-based regimens. Forty-six developed significant diarrhea (19%) and thirty-four (74.4%) had a rapid resolution of diarrhea following glucocorticosteroid and infliximab treatment. The median time to resolution of diarrhea was only 8.5 ± 16.4 days. Accelerated treatment for presumed immune-mediated diarrhea resulted in the rapid control of symptoms in the majority of patients. There were no intestinal complications or deaths. Immunosuppressive therapy for diarrhea did not appear to decrease the remission rate or survival. After the control of diarrhea, most patients were able to continue their planned immunotherapy. Further testing in 11/46 patients with unresponsive diarrhea revealed additional diagnoses, allowing their treatment to be adjusted. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 2054 KiB  
Article
How to Balance Prognostic Factors in Controlled Phase II Trials: Stratified Permuted Block Randomization or Minimization? An Analysis of Clinical Trials in Digestive Oncology
by Elodie Martin, Karine Le Malicot, Catherine Guérin-Charbonnel, François Bocquet, Olivier Bouché, Anthony Turpin, Thomas Aparicio, Jean-Louis Legoux, Laetitia Dahan, Julien Taieb, Côme Lepage, Louis-Marie Dourthe, Caroline Pétorin, Vincent Bourgeois, Jean-Luc Raoul and Valérie Seegers
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3513-3528; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060259 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 396
Abstract
In controlled phase II trials, major prognostic factors need to be well balanced between arms. The main procedures used are SPBR (Stratified Permuted Block Randomization) and minimization. First, we provide a systematic review of the treatment allocation procedure used in gastrointestinal oncology controlled [...] Read more.
In controlled phase II trials, major prognostic factors need to be well balanced between arms. The main procedures used are SPBR (Stratified Permuted Block Randomization) and minimization. First, we provide a systematic review of the treatment allocation procedure used in gastrointestinal oncology controlled phase II trials published in 2019. Second, we performed simulations using data from six phase II studies to measure the impacts of imbalances and bias on the efficacy estimations. From the 40 articles analyzed, all mentioned randomization in both the title and abstract, the median number of patients included was 109, and 77.5% were multicenter. Of the 27 studies that reported at least one stratification variable, 10 included the center as a stratification variable, 10 used minimization, 9 used SBR, and 8 were unspecified. In real data studies, the imbalance increased with the number of centers. The total and marginal imbalances were higher with SBR than with minimization, and the difference increased with the number of centers. The efficiency estimates per arm were close to the original trial estimate in both procedures. Minimization is often used in cases of numerous centers and guarantees better similarity between arms for stratification variables for total and marginal imbalances in phase II trials. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 301 KiB  
Review
A Review of Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
by Mariana Pilon Capella, Steph A. Pang, Marcos A. Magalhaes and Khashayar Esfahani
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3495-3512; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060258 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 455
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to a dramatic increase in the survival of patients with lung cancer across all stages. Over the past decade, the field has experienced rapid maturation; however, several challenges continue to complicate patient [...] Read more.
Cancer immunotherapy in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors has led to a dramatic increase in the survival of patients with lung cancer across all stages. Over the past decade, the field has experienced rapid maturation; however, several challenges continue to complicate patient management. This review aims to highlight the data that led to this dramatic shift in practice as well as to focus on key challenges. These include determining the optimal therapy duration, managing frail patients or those with brain metastases, addressing the challenges posed by immune-related adverse events, and defining the various patterns of clinical and radiological responses to immunotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Management and Outcomes of Lung Cancer Patients)
116 pages, 710 KiB  
Conference Report
Abstracts of the 39th Annual CAPO Conference—Building Hope: Integrating Sustainable, Innovative and Accessible Care in Psychosocial Oncology 6 to 7 June 2024
by Peter Traversa and Doris Howell
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3379-3494; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060257 (registering DOI) - 16 Jun 2024
Viewed by 431
Abstract
On behalf of the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology, we are pleased to present the Abstracts from the 2024 Annual Conference, titled “Building Hope: Integrating Sustainable, Innovative and Accessible Care in Psychosocial Oncology”. The Conference was held in Calgary from 6 June 2024 [...] Read more.
On behalf of the Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology, we are pleased to present the Abstracts from the 2024 Annual Conference, titled “Building Hope: Integrating Sustainable, Innovative and Accessible Care in Psychosocial Oncology”. The Conference was held in Calgary from 6 June 2024 to 7 June 2024. This conference brought together key stakeholders including multidisciplinary professionals from nursing, psychology, psychiatry, social work, spiritual care, nutrition, medicine, rehabilitation medicine, occupational health and radiation therapy for both adult and pediatric populations. Participants included clinicians, researchers, educators in cancer care, community-based organizations and patient representatives. Patients, caregivers and family members presented abstracts that speak to their role in managing cancer experiences and care. Over one hundred (150) abstracts were selected for presentation as symposia, 20 min oral presentations, 10 min oral presentations, 90 min workshops and poster presentations. We congratulate all the presenters on their research work and contribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)
18 pages, 4300 KiB  
Article
The Development and Evaluation of Novel Patient Educational Material for a Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS) Result in Hereditary Cancer Genes
by Deborah Cragun, Marleah Dean, David Baker, Meghan Kelley, Gillian Hooker, Anne Weidner, Paige Hunt and Tuya Pal
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3361-3378; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060256 - 16 Jun 2024
Viewed by 408
Abstract
A Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS) is a difference in the DNA sequence with uncertain consequences for gene function. A VUS in a hereditary cancer gene should not change medical care, yet some patients undergo medical procedures based on their VUS result, highlighting [...] Read more.
A Variant of Uncertain Significance (VUS) is a difference in the DNA sequence with uncertain consequences for gene function. A VUS in a hereditary cancer gene should not change medical care, yet some patients undergo medical procedures based on their VUS result, highlighting the unmet educational needs among patients and healthcare providers. To address this need, we developed, evaluated, and refined novel educational materials to explain that while VUS results do not change medical care, it remains important to share any personal or family history of cancer with family members given that their personal and family medical history can guide their cancer risk management. We began by reviewing the prior literature and transcripts from interviews with six individuals with a VUS result to identify content and design considerations to incorporate into educational materials. We then gathered feedback to improve materials via a focus group of multidisciplinary experts and multiple rounds of semi-structured interviews with individuals with a VUS result. Themes for how to improve content, visuals, and usefulness were used to refine the materials. In the final round of interviews with an additional 10 individuals with a VUS result, materials were described as relatable, useful, factual, and easy to navigate, and also increased their understanding of cancer gene VUS results. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

11 pages, 279 KiB  
Article
Attitudes toward Death among Health Care Professionals in the Balkan Region
by Tomi Kovacevic, Bojan Zaric, Jelena Djekic Malbasa, Darijo Bokan, Borislava Nikolin, Daliborka Bursac, Petar Simurdic, Vladimir Stojsic, Goran Stojanovic and Dragana Maric
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3350-3360; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060255 - 16 Jun 2024
Viewed by 413
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Death is an unavoidable experience in any person’s life and affects not only the dying person but also their caregivers. The dying process has been displaced from homes to health care facilities in the majority of cases. Facing death [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Death is an unavoidable experience in any person’s life and affects not only the dying person but also their caregivers. The dying process has been displaced from homes to health care facilities in the majority of cases. Facing death and dying has become an everyday life of health care professionals (HCP), especially in palliative care (PC) settings. This study aimed to investigate the death attitudes among HCPs in Serbia. Materials and Methods: The Serbian version of the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-RSp) was used as a measurement instrument. Results: The average age of the 180 included participants was 42.2 ± 9.9 years; the majority were females (70.0%), with more than 10 years of working experience (73.0%), physicians (70.0%) and those working in a non-oncological (non-ONC) field (57.78%). The mean total score of DAP-RSp was 124.80 ± 22.44. The highest mean score was observed in the neutral acceptance dimension (NA) (5.82 ± 0.90) and lowest in the Escape acceptance (EA) (2.57 ± 1.21). Higher negative death attitudes were reported among nurses compared to physicians (p = 0.002). Statistically significant differences were observed in the fear of death (FD) and death avoidance (DA) domains, favoring PC specialists and oncologists (p = 0.004; p = 0.015). Physicians working in Oncology (ONC) showed lower FD values (p = 0.001) compared to non-ONC departments. Conclusions: Attitudes toward death among HCPs are of great importance for the well-being of both HCPs and patients. Negative attitudes can lead to deficient care. The fear of death is highly represented among Serbian HCPs working in non-ONC fields, including both nurses and physicians. This study emphasizes the need for further research to comprehensively explore and understand HCPs’ attitudes toward death. This research highlights the need for the development of an educational curriculum across all levels of medical education, aimed at overcoming the fear of death and enhancing coping strategies, which will improve the care for patients diagnosed with terminal illnesses. Full article
8 pages, 2089 KiB  
Case Report
Durable Objective Response to Lurbinectedin in Small Cell Bladder Cancer with TP53 Mutation: A Molecular-Directed Strategy
by Mohammad Jad Moussa, Jaanki Khandelwal, Nathaniel R. Wilson, Sagar A. Naik, Vivek Subbiah, Matthew T. Campbell, Pavlos Msaouel, Parminder Singh and Omar Alhalabi
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3342-3349; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060254 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 703
Abstract
Small cell bladder cancer (SCBC) is a rare and aggressive disease, often treated with platinum/etoposide-based chemotherapy. Key molecular drivers include the inactivation of onco-suppressor genes (TP53, RB1) and amplifications in proto-oncogenes (MYC). We report a patient with SCBC [...] Read more.
Small cell bladder cancer (SCBC) is a rare and aggressive disease, often treated with platinum/etoposide-based chemotherapy. Key molecular drivers include the inactivation of onco-suppressor genes (TP53, RB1) and amplifications in proto-oncogenes (MYC). We report a patient with SCBC who achieved an objective and prolonged response to lurbinectedin, which has been approved for metastatic small cell lung cancer, after developing disease progression on cisplatin/etoposide and nivolumab/ipilimumab. A genomic analysis of a metastatic biopsy prior to lurbinectedin initiation revealed a TP53 mutation and amplification of the cell cycle regulators E2F3 and MYCL. A repeat biopsy following the development of lurbinectedin resistance showed a new actionable ERBB2 alteration without significant change in the tumor mutation burden (six mutations/Mb). The present report suggests that lurbinectedin may be active and should be further explored in SCBC harboring TP53 mutations and amplifications in E2F3 and MYC family complexes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Genitourinary Oncology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 393 KiB  
Article
Patient and Provider Attitudes and Preferences Regarding Early Palliative Care Delivery for Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancers: A Prospective Survey
by Oren Levine, Daryl Bainbridge, Gregory R. Pond, Marissa Slaven, Sukhbinder Dhesy-Thind, Jonathan Sussman and Ralph M. Meyer
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3329-3341; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060253 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 435
Abstract
Early integrated palliative care (EIPC) for patients with advanced cancers requires the involvement of family doctors (FDs) and oncologists. We compared attitudes between patients and their providers regarding the delivery of EIPC. Patients with newly diagnosed incurable gastrointestinal (GI) cancer at a tertiary [...] Read more.
Early integrated palliative care (EIPC) for patients with advanced cancers requires the involvement of family doctors (FDs) and oncologists. We compared attitudes between patients and their providers regarding the delivery of EIPC. Patients with newly diagnosed incurable gastrointestinal (GI) cancer at a tertiary cancer centre in Ontario, Canada, were surveyed using a study-specific instrument regarding the importance of and preferences for accessing support across eight domains of palliative care. Physicians within the circle of care completed a parallel survey for each patient. The concordance between patient and physician responses was analyzed. A total of 66 patients were surveyed (median age 69, 35% female). All had an oncologist, 12% had a specialist palliative care provider (SPC), and 97% had an FD, but only 41% listed the FD as part of the care team. In total, 95 providers responded (oncologist = 68, FD = 21, SPC = 6; response rate 92%; 1–3 physician responses per patient). Disease management and physical concerns were most important to patients. Patients preferred to access care in these domains from oncologists or SPCs. For all other domains, most patients attributed primary responsibility to self or family rather than any healthcare provider. Thus, concordance was poor between patient and physician responses. Across most domains of palliative care, we found low agreement between cancer patients and their physicians regarding responsibilities for care, with FDs appearing to have limited involvement at this stage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Palliative Care and Supportive Medicine in Cancer)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 5302 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review and Insights into the New Entity of Differentiated High-Grade Thyroid Carcinoma
by Agnes Stephanie Harahap, Regina Stefani Roren and Shofiyya Imtiyaz
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3311-3328; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060252 - 9 Jun 2024
Viewed by 706
Abstract
Differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma (DHGTC) is a new subset within the spectrum of thyroid malignancies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of DHGTC, focusing on its historical perspective, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, molecular profiles, management, and prognosis. DHGTC demonstrates an intermediate prognosis [...] Read more.
Differentiated high-grade thyroid carcinoma (DHGTC) is a new subset within the spectrum of thyroid malignancies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of DHGTC, focusing on its historical perspective, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, molecular profiles, management, and prognosis. DHGTC demonstrates an intermediate prognosis that falls between well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Previously unenumerated, this entity is now recognized for its significant impact. Patients with DHGTC often present at an older age with advanced disease and exhibit aggressive clinical behavior. Molecularly, DHGTC shares similarities with other thyroid malignancies, harboring driver mutations such as BRAFV600E and RAS, along with additional late mutations. The unique behavior and histologic features of DHGTC underscore the necessity of precise classification for prognostication and treatment selection. This highlights the critical importance of accurate diagnosis and recognition by pathologists to enrich future research on this entity further. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1764 KiB  
Article
Impact of Adjuvant Atezolizumab on Recurrences Avoided and Treatment Cost Savings for Patients with Stage II-IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Canada
by Quincy Chu, Kaushik Sripada, Sarah Vaselenak, Nick Jovanoski and Melina Arnold
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3301-3310; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060251 - 7 Jun 2024
Viewed by 924
Abstract
This epidemiological model forecasted reductions in recurrences and recurrence treatment cost savings with adjuvant atezolizumab vs best supportive care among Canadians with stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at national and provincial levels. The population had resected, programmed cell death 1 ligand [...] Read more.
This epidemiological model forecasted reductions in recurrences and recurrence treatment cost savings with adjuvant atezolizumab vs best supportive care among Canadians with stage II-IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at national and provincial levels. The population had resected, programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)–high (≥50%), EGFR−, ALK−, stage II-IIIA NSCLC eligible for adjuvant treatment. Patients with recurrence or death and the costs of treating recurrences were estimated for those receiving adjuvant atezolizumab or best supportive care each year (2024–2034). Proportions of patients expected to be event free up to 10 years after treatment initiation were extrapolated with parametric survival analyses. In the base case analysis, 240 fewer recurrences were estimated to occur over 10 years (2024–2034) with adjuvant atezolizumab vs best supportive care across Canada, with 136 (57%) and 104 (43%) fewer locoregional and metastatic recurrences, respectively. Projected costs of treated recurrences were CAD 33.2 million less over 10 years with adjuvant atezolizumab at a national level (adjuvant atezolizumab, CAD 135.8 million; best supportive care, CAD 169.0 million). This model predicts a considerable long-term reduction in recurrences and substantial treatment cost savings with adjuvant atezolizumab vs best supportive care for patients with PD-L1–high early-stage NSCLC in Canada. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy: Early Detection, Diagnosis, Systemic Treatments, Novel Biomarkers, and Resistance Mechanisms)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 234 KiB  
Review
Radiochemotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer
by Małgorzata Domagała-Haduch, Anita Gorzelak-Magiera, Łukasz Michalecki and Iwona Gisterek-Grocholska
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3291-3300; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060250 - 6 Jun 2024
Viewed by 416
Abstract
Despite the advancements made in oncology in recent years, the treatment of pancreatic cancer remains a challenge. Five-year survival rates for this cancer do not exceed 10%. Among the reasons contributing to poor treatment outcomes are the oligosymptomatic course of the tumor, diagnostic [...] Read more.
Despite the advancements made in oncology in recent years, the treatment of pancreatic cancer remains a challenge. Five-year survival rates for this cancer do not exceed 10%. Among the reasons contributing to poor treatment outcomes are the oligosymptomatic course of the tumor, diagnostic difficulties due to the anatomical location of the organ, and the unique biological features of pancreatic cancer. The mainstay of treatment for resectable cancer is surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. For unresectable and metastatic cancers, chemotherapy remains the primary method of treatment. At the same time, for about thirty years, there have been attempts to improve treatment outcomes by using radiotherapy combined with systemic treatment. Unlike chemotherapy, radiotherapy has no established place in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. This paper addresses the topic of radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer as a valuable method that can improve treatment outcomes alongside chemotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
13 pages, 254 KiB  
Article
Applying Implementation Science to Identify Primary Care Providers’ Enablers and Barriers to Using Survivorship Care Plans
by Brittany Mutsaers, Tori Langmuir, Carrie MacDonald-Liska, Justin Presseau, Gail Larocque, Cheryl Harris, Marie-Hélène Chomienne, Lauriane Giguère, Paola Michelle Garcia Mairena, Dina Babiker, Kednapa Thavorn and Sophie Lebel
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3278-3290; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060249 - 5 Jun 2024
Viewed by 586
Abstract
Primary care providers (PCPs) have been given the responsibility of managing the follow-up care of low-risk cancer survivors after they are discharged from the oncology center. Survivorship Care Plans (SCPs) were developed to facilitate this transition, but research indicates inconsistencies in how they [...] Read more.
Primary care providers (PCPs) have been given the responsibility of managing the follow-up care of low-risk cancer survivors after they are discharged from the oncology center. Survivorship Care Plans (SCPs) were developed to facilitate this transition, but research indicates inconsistencies in how they are implemented. A detailed examination of enablers and barriers that influence their use by PCPs is needed to understand how to improve SCPs and ultimately facilitate cancer survivors’ transition to primary care. An interview guide was developed based on the second version of the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF-2). PCPs participated in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was used to develop a codebook to code text into each of the 14 TDF-2 domains. Thematic analysis was also used to generate themes and subthemes. Thirteen PCPs completed the interview and identified the following barriers to SCP use: unfamiliarity with the side effects of cancer treatment (Knowledge), lack of clarity on the roles of different healthcare professionals (Social Professional Role and Identity), follow-up tasks being outside of scope of practice (Social Professional Role and Identity), increased workload, lack of options for psychosocial support for survivors, managing different electronic medical records systems, logistical issues with liaising with oncology (Environmental Context and Resources), and patient factors (Social Influences). PCPs value the information provided in SCPs and found the follow-up guidance provided to be most helpful. However, SCP use could be improved through streamlining methods of communication and collaboration between oncology centres and community-based primary care settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Psychosocial Oncology)
9 pages, 1513 KiB  
Article
Oncologists’ Satisfaction with Virtual Care: A Questionnaire
by Amaris Karin Balitsky, Nathan Cantor, Karen Zhang, Greg Pond and Mark Norman Levine
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3269-3277; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060248 - 5 Jun 2024
Viewed by 533
Abstract
Introduction: Although virtual care (VC) has become an integral part of oncology care and healthcare delivery, clinicians’ perspectives on and satisfaction with this modality are not well understood. Methods: Using a National Network Forum framework and expert panel review, we developed a questionnaire [...] Read more.
Introduction: Although virtual care (VC) has become an integral part of oncology care and healthcare delivery, clinicians’ perspectives on and satisfaction with this modality are not well understood. Methods: Using a National Network Forum framework and expert panel review, we developed a questionnaire to measure oncologists’ satisfaction with VC. The questionnaire was distributed to Canadian oncologists through medical society email lists (n = 1541). We used a 5-point Likert scale to capture their responses, which included strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), undecided (3), agree (4), and strongly agree (5). Results: A total of 61 oncologists and/or oncology trainees, of 768 (7.9%) who opened their email, completed questionnaires between October 2022 and January 2023. Every questionnaire item had a response rate greater than 98%. Seventy-two percent of the respondents were satisfied with VC. Oncologists who were less comfortable with technology were more likely to report lower levels of satisfaction (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon rank-sum). The questionnaire items that received the highest levels of agreement were related to VC reducing costs and improving access for patients and concerns about missing a diagnosis and assessing patients’ functional status. The questionnaire items that received the greatest disagreement were related to VC improving access for patients with language barriers, VC being associated with time-savings for clinicians, improvements in clinical efficacy, and more readily available lab tests. Conclusions: Most of the oncologists surveyed are satisfied with VC; however, there are some concerns with VC that need to be addressed. Future research on optimizing VC should address clinicians’ concerns, in addition to addressing the patient experience. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 5823 KiB  
Article
Personalized Decisional Algorithms for Soft Tissue Defect Reconstruction after Abdominoperineal Resection for Low-Lying Rectal Cancers
by Dan Cristian Moraru, Mihaela Pertea, Stefana Luca, Valentin Bejan, Andrian Panuta, Raluca Tatar, Dan Mircea Enescu, Dragos Viorel Scripcariu and Viorel Scripcariu
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3253-3268; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060247 - 4 Jun 2024
Viewed by 619
Abstract
Background: Abdominoperineal resection (APR)—the standard surgical procedure for low-lying rectal cancer (LRC)—leads to significant perineal defects, posing considerable reconstruction challenges that, in selected cases, necessitate the use of plastic surgery techniques (flaps). Purpose: To develop valuable decision algorithms for choosing the appropriate surgical [...] Read more.
Background: Abdominoperineal resection (APR)—the standard surgical procedure for low-lying rectal cancer (LRC)—leads to significant perineal defects, posing considerable reconstruction challenges that, in selected cases, necessitate the use of plastic surgery techniques (flaps). Purpose: To develop valuable decision algorithms for choosing the appropriate surgical plan for the reconstruction of perineal defects. Methods: Our study included 245 LRC cases treated using APR. Guided by the few available publications in the field, we have designed several personalized decisional algorithms for managing perineal defects considering the following factors: preoperative radiotherapy, intraoperative position, surgical technique, perineal defect volume, and quality of tissues and perforators. The algorithms have been improved continuously during the entire period of our study based on the immediate and remote outcomes. Results: In 239 patients following APR, the direct closing procedure was performed versus 6 cases in which we used various types of flaps for perineal reconstruction. Perineal incisional hernia occurred in 12 patients (5.02%) with direct perineal wound closure versus in none of those reconstructed using flaps. Conclusion: The reduced rate of postoperative complications suggests the efficiency of the proposed decisional algorithms; however, more extended studies are required to categorize them as evidence-based management guide tools. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

1 pages, 139 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Gill et al. Report from the 24th Annual Western Canadian Gastrointestinal Cancer Consensus Conference on Colorectal Cancer, Richmond, British Columbia, 28–29, October 2022. Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30, 7964–7983
by Sharlene Gill, Shahid Ahmed, Brady Anderson, Scott Berry, Howard Lim, Terry Phang, Ankur Sharma, Joao Paulo Solar Vasconcelos, Karamjit Gill, Mussawar Iqbal, Keith Tankel, Theresa Chan, Magdalena Recsky, Jennifer Nuk, James Paul, Shazia Mahmood and Karen Mulder
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3252; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060246 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 373
Abstract
Karen Mulder was not included as an author in the original publication [...] Full article
13 pages, 1080 KiB  
Article
Radiation Oncologists’ Perspectives on Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: A Survey from Korean Oligometastasis Working Group
by Gyu Sang Yoo, Sunmin Park, Chai Hong Rim, Won Kyung Cho, Ah Ram Chang, Young Seok Kim, Yong Chan Ahn and Eui Kyu Chie
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3239-3251; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060245 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 440
Abstract
Background: Interest in the oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) is increasing, and various clinical studies have reported the benefits of metastasis-directed radiation therapy (MDRT) in OMPC. However, the recognition regarding the adopted definitions, methodologies of assessment, and therapeutic approaches is diverse among radiation oncologists. [...] Read more.
Background: Interest in the oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) is increasing, and various clinical studies have reported the benefits of metastasis-directed radiation therapy (MDRT) in OMPC. However, the recognition regarding the adopted definitions, methodologies of assessment, and therapeutic approaches is diverse among radiation oncologists. This study aims to evaluate the level of agreement for issues in OMPC among radiation oncologists. Methods: We generated 15 key questions (KQs) for OMPC relevant to definition, diagnosis, local therapies, and endpoints. Additionally, three clinical scenarios representing synchronous metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) (case 1), metachronous mPC with visceral metastasis (case 2), and metachronous mPC with castration-resistance and history of polymetastasis (case 3) were developed. The 15 KQs were adapted according to each scenario and transformed into 23 questions with 6–9 per scenario. The survey was distributed to 80 radiation oncologists throughout the Republic of Korea. Answer options with 0.0–29.9%, 30–49.9%, 50–69.9%, 70–79.9%, 80–89.9%, and 90–100% agreements were considered as no, minimal, weak, moderate, strong, and near perfect agreement, respectively. Results: Forty-five candidates voluntarily participated in this study. Among 23 questions, near perfect (n = 4), strong (n = 3), or moderate (n = 2) agreements were shown in nine. For the case recognized as OMPC with agreements of 93% (case 1), near perfect agreements on the application of definitive radiation therapy (RT) for whole metastatic lesions were achieved. While ≥70% agreements regarding optimal dose-fractionation for metastasis-directed RT (MDRT) has not been achieved, stereotactic body RT (SBRT) is favored by clinicians with higher clinical volume. Conclusion: For the case recognized as OMPC, near perfect agreement for the application of definitive RT for whole metastatic lesions was reached. SBRT was more favored as a MDRT by clinicians with a higher clinical volume. Full article
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 7187 KiB  
Article
Mother–Child Approach to Cervical Cancer Prevention in a Low Resource Setting: The Cameroon Baptist Convention Health Services Story
by Lorraine Elit, Florence Manjuh, Lillian Kila, Beatrice Suika, Manuela Sinou, Eliane Bozy, Ethel Vernyuy, Amandine Fokou, Edith Welty and Thomas Welty
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3227-3238; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060244 - 3 Jun 2024
Viewed by 437
Abstract
Introduction: The rates of cervical cancer screening in Cameroon are unknown and HPV vaccination coverage for age-appropriate youths is reported at 5%. Objectives: To implement the mother–child approach to cervical cancer prevention (cervical screening by HPV testing for mothers and HPV vaccination for [...] Read more.
Introduction: The rates of cervical cancer screening in Cameroon are unknown and HPV vaccination coverage for age-appropriate youths is reported at 5%. Objectives: To implement the mother–child approach to cervical cancer prevention (cervical screening by HPV testing for mothers and HPV vaccination for daughters) in Meskine, Far North, Cameroon. Methods: After the sensitization of the Meskine–Maroua region using education and a press-release by the Minister of Public Health, a 5-day mother–child campaign took place at Meskine Baptist Hospital. The Ampfire HPV Testing was free for 500 women and vaccination was free for age-appropriate children through the EPI program. Nurses trained in cervical cancer education conducted group teaching sessions prior to having each woman retrieve a personal sample. Self-collected samples were analyzed for HPV the same day. All women with positive tests were assessed using VIA–VILI and treated as appropriate for precancers. Results: 505 women were screened, and 92 children vaccinated (34 boys and 58 girls). Of those screened, 401 (79.4%) were aged 30–49 years old; 415 (82%) married; 348 (69%) no education. Of the HPV positive cases (101): 9 (5.9%) were HPV 16, 11 (10.1%) HPV 18, 74 (73%) HPV of 13 other types. Those who were both HPV and VIA–VILI positive were treated by thermal ablation (63%) or LEEP (25%). Conclusion: The mother–child approach is an excellent method to maximize primary and secondary prevention against cervical cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Action and Impact: Prevention and Screening Strategies Contributing to the Elimination of Cervical Cancer)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3053 KiB  
Perspective
A Perspective on the CD47-SIRPA Axis in High-Risk Neuroblastoma
by Xao X. Tang, Hiroyuki Shimada and Naohiko Ikegaki
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3212-3226; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060243 - 1 Jun 2024
Viewed by 481
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer with significant clinical heterogeneity. Despite extensive efforts, it is still difficult to cure children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Immunotherapy is a promising approach to treat children with this devastating disease. We have previously reported that macrophages are important effector [...] Read more.
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer with significant clinical heterogeneity. Despite extensive efforts, it is still difficult to cure children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Immunotherapy is a promising approach to treat children with this devastating disease. We have previously reported that macrophages are important effector cells in high-risk neuroblastoma. In this perspective article, we discuss the potential function of the macrophage inhibitory receptor SIRPA in the homeostasis of tumor-associated macrophages in high-risk neuroblastoma. The ligand of SIRPA is CD47, known as a “don’t eat me” signal, which is highly expressed on cancer cells compared to normal cells. CD47 is expressed on both tumor and stroma cells, whereas SIRPA expression is restricted to macrophages in high-risk neuroblastoma tissues. Notably, high SIRPA expression is associated with better disease outcome. According to the current paradigm, the interaction between CD47 on tumor cells and SIRPA on macrophages leads to the inhibition of tumor phagocytosis. However, data from recent clinical trials have called into question the use of anti-CD47 antibodies for the treatment of adult and pediatric cancers. The restricted expression of SIRPA on macrophages in many tissues argues for targeting SIRPA on macrophages rather than CD47 in CD47/SIRPA blockade therapy. Based on the data available to date, we propose that disruption of the CD47-SIRPA interaction by anti-CD47 antibody would shift the macrophage polarization status from M1 to M2, which is inferred from the 1998 study by Timms et al. In contrast, the anti-SIRPA F(ab’)2 lacking Fc binds to SIRPA on the macrophage, mimics the CD47-SIRPA interaction, and thus maintains M1 polarization. Anti-SIRPA F(ab’)2 also prevents the binding of CD47 to SIRPA, thereby blocking the “don’t eat me” signal. The addition of tumor-opsonizing and macrophage-activating antibodies is expected to enhance active tumor phagocytosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy: Early Detection, Diagnosis, Systemic Treatments, Novel Biomarkers, and Resistance Mechanisms)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 275 KiB  
Review
Combining Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Loco-Regional Treatments in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Ready for Prime Time?
by Juliette Boilève, Valentine Guimas, Arthur David, Clément Bailly and Yann Touchefeu
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3199-3211; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060242 - 31 May 2024
Viewed by 387
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with a poor prognosis, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therapeutic options have developed considerably in recent years, particularly with trans-arterial treatments. Systemic treatments have also evolved significantly, with the rise of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as [...] Read more.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with a poor prognosis, often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Therapeutic options have developed considerably in recent years, particularly with trans-arterial treatments. Systemic treatments have also evolved significantly, with the rise of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) as first-line treatment for advanced HCC. The combination of loco-regional treatments and ICI is opening up new prospects and is the subject of numerous clinical trials. Recently, two global phase 3 trials investigating ICI-based adjuvant combinations have demonstrated improvements in recurrence-free survival or progression-free survival in patients treated with resection, ablation, or trans-arterial chemoembolization. However, mature data and overall survival results are still awaited but will be difficult to interpret. We are at the start of a new era of combinations of loco-regional treatments and immunotherapy. The identification of the best therapeutic strategies and predictive biomarkers is a crucial issue for future standards in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Targeted Therapy, Immunotherapy, and Immune Biomarkers for Gastroesophageal and Liver Cancer)
10 pages, 1586 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Tumor Control and Normal Tissue Complication Probabilities in Patients Receiving Comprehensive Nodal Irradiation for Left-Sided Breast Cancer
by Christian H. Flores-Balcázar and Dulce M. Urías-Arce
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3189-3198; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060241 - 31 May 2024
Viewed by 351
Abstract
Women with left-sided breast cancer receiving adjuvant radiotherapy have increased incidence of cardiac mortality due to ischemic heart disease; to date, no threshold dose for late cardiac/pulmonary morbidity or mortality has been established. We investigated the likelihood of cardiac death and radiation pneumonitis [...] Read more.
Women with left-sided breast cancer receiving adjuvant radiotherapy have increased incidence of cardiac mortality due to ischemic heart disease; to date, no threshold dose for late cardiac/pulmonary morbidity or mortality has been established. We investigated the likelihood of cardiac death and radiation pneumonitis in women with left-sided breast cancer who received comprehensive lymph node irradiation. The differences in dosimetric parameters between free-breathing (FB) and deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH) techniques were also addressed. Based on NTCP calculations, the probability of cardiac death was significantly reduced with the DIBH compared to the FB technique (p < 0.001). The risk of radiation pneumonitis was not clinically significant. There was no difference in coverage between FB and DIBH plans. Doses to healthy structures were significantly lower in DIBH plan than in FB plan for V20, V30, and ipsilateral total lung volume. Inspiratory gating reduces the dose absorbed by the heart without compromising the target range, thus reducing the likelihood of cardiac death. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Cancer Biology and Radiation Therapy (Volume II))
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

12 pages, 1679 KiB  
Article
Fertility Assessment after Ovarian Transposition in Children and Young Women Treated for a Malignant Tumor
by Julie Valduga, Géraldine Desmules, Line Claude, Pascal Chastagner, Valérie Bernier-Chastagner, Perrine Marec-Berard and Christine Rousset-Jablonski
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3177-3188; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060240 - 31 May 2024
Viewed by 587
Abstract
Ovarian transposition (OT) has been proposed as a protective measure against radiation-induced damage to ovarian function and fertility. Despite its historical use, limited research has focused on evaluating endocrine and exocrine ovarian function after OT performed in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) before [...] Read more.
Ovarian transposition (OT) has been proposed as a protective measure against radiation-induced damage to ovarian function and fertility. Despite its historical use, limited research has focused on evaluating endocrine and exocrine ovarian function after OT performed in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) before or during puberty. The purpose of our study was to investigate the fertility, pubertal development, and ovarian function of women with a previous history of OT during childhood, adolescence or young adulthood. In an observational bicentric retrospective study, we included 32 young female cancer patients who underwent OT before the age of 26 between 1990 and 2015 at Lyon Léon Bérard Cancer Center or Nancy University Hospital. The mean age at the time of OT was 15.6 years with a cancer diagnosis at 15 ± 4.8 years. Among the 10 women attempting pregnancy post-treatment, 60% achieved successful pregnancies. After a mean follow-up of 9.6 ± 7 years, 74% (17 out of 23) of women recovered spontaneous menstrual cycles (seven out of eight evaluable women with OT before or during puberty). Notably, 35% of women who did not attempt pregnancy demonstrated adequate ovarian reserve. Ovarian reserve and function recovery were influenced by the specific chemotherapy received. Importantly, our findings suggest that OT’s effectiveness on ovarian activity resumption does not significantly differ when performed before or during puberty compared to pubertal stages. This study contributes valuable insights into the long-term reproductive outcomes of young women undergoing OT, emphasizing its potential efficacy in preserving ovarian function and fertility across different developmental stages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Childhood, Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 9933 KiB  
Case Report
Clinical Applications of Comprehensive Genomic Profiling in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer—A Case Series
by Chun-Ming Tsai, Chih-Hung Lin, Yu-Yen Chou, Hsiao-Yu Jen and Suyog Jain
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3161-3176; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060239 - 31 May 2024
Viewed by 1240
Abstract
Background: Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be treated with novel targeted therapies that are tailored to the genetic characteristics of malignancy. While tissue-based genomic testing is considered the gold standard for the detection of oncogenic driver mutations, several challenges like inadequate tissue [...] Read more.
Background: Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) can be treated with novel targeted therapies that are tailored to the genetic characteristics of malignancy. While tissue-based genomic testing is considered the gold standard for the detection of oncogenic driver mutations, several challenges like inadequate tissue availability, the invasiveness of procuring tumors, and prolonged turnaround time of analysis are encountered. Considering these limitations, guidelines have recognized liquid biopsies using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a useful tool to complement conventional tissue testing. Even though cfDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) can have high sensitivity and specificity, optimal patient benefit requires the interpretation of the molecular profiling results in the context of clinical and diagnostic features to achieve the best outcomes. Case Descriptions: In this case series, we present six patients with advanced NSCLC whose plasma or tissue biopsy samples were analyzed with commercially available comprehensive NGS assays that elucidate the role of testing at various time points in the treatment journey. In all six cases, comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) provided clinically useful information to guide treatment decisions. Conclusion: Adding to the existing real-world evidence, this case series reinforces that CGP-driven treatment strategies in advanced NSCLC, coupled with other available clinical information, can optimize treatment decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Thoracic Oncology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 825 KiB  
Article
A Survey Detailing Early Onset Colorectal Cancer Patient and Caregiver Experiences in Canada
by Rebecca Auer, Claudia Meszaros, Lucresse Fossouo, Lisa Vandermeer and Barry D. Stein
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3149-3160; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060238 - 31 May 2024
Viewed by 708
Abstract
The incidence of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) in Canada has increased. To address the growing incidence of EOCRC, Colorectal Cancer Canada (CCC) developed the Never Too Young (N2Y) program to identify gaps in care and evaluate patient and caregiver experiences with CRC. [...] Read more.
The incidence of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) in Canada has increased. To address the growing incidence of EOCRC, Colorectal Cancer Canada (CCC) developed the Never Too Young (N2Y) program to identify gaps in care and evaluate patient and caregiver experiences with CRC. The survey was available online using SurveyMonkey across Canada between 12 December 2022 and 1 May 2023. The patient and caregiver survey consisted of 113 and 94 questions, respectively. A total of 108 EOCRC patients and 20 caregivers completed the survey. Many respondents were unaware of EOCRC (41.6%) and the disease symptoms (45.2%) before diagnosis. Patient age at diagnosis was between 45 and 50 years in 31.7%, and 72.8% of them were diagnosed at stage III or IV. A perception of an initial misdiagnosis was common (67.4%) for EOCRC patients, and 51.2% felt dismissed due to their age. Patients and caregivers reported impacts of EOCRC on their mental health, with 70.9% of patients expressing a need for support with depression and 93.3% of caregivers experiencing a constant fear of recurrence of their loved one’s cancer. Improving the Canadian population’s awareness of EOCRC (e.g., CRC symptoms) is important for ensuring timely diagnoses. Similarly, it is critical to ensure that healthcare providers are aware of the increase in EOCRC cases and the unique needs of these patients. Re-evaluation of the CRC screening age should be undertaken in Canada to determine whether lowering the start age to 45 years will improve outcomes in this demographic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

27 pages, 5601 KiB  
Article
Understanding Colorectal Cancer Patient Experiences with Family Practitioners in Canada
by Patil Mksyartinian, Neha Mohammad, Petra Wildgoose and Barry D. Stein
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3122-3148; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060237 (registering DOI) - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 637
Abstract
Despite ongoing screening efforts, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of death in Canada. The aim of this study was to better understand the experiences of Canadian CRC patients with their family practitioners (FPs) during and after their CRC diagnosis. Patient-reported data [...] Read more.
Despite ongoing screening efforts, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of death in Canada. The aim of this study was to better understand the experiences of Canadian CRC patients with their family practitioners (FPs) during and after their CRC diagnosis. Patient-reported data were collected through an online questionnaire to understand their CRC diagnosis experiences and identify potential gaps in care. Various factors contributing to challenges throughout a patient’s CRC diagnosis (e.g., delayed CRC diagnosis) were determined using descriptive, qualitative, and inferential analyses. These factors could be targeted to optimize CRC care. This study found that 40.6% of the 175 respondents were unaware of at least one of the following aspects of CRC prior to their diagnosis: early-age onset (EAO), symptoms, and screening procedures. While 84.6% had access to a family physician (FP) before their diagnosis, only 17.7% were diagnosed by FPs. Higher proportions of younger individuals experienced misdiagnoses and felt dismissed compared to older individuals. Only half felt fully informed about their diagnosis when it was explained to them by their FP, while 53.1% had their diagnosis explained in plain language. Transitioning towards patient-centred care would promote pre-diagnosis CRC awareness, address differences in management of CRC care (e.g., dismissal and support), and accommodate for age and health-literacy-related disparities, thereby improving CRC care pathways for patients. Future research should investigate FPs experiences in detecting CRC cases to develop educational resources and recommendations, enhancing early detection and improving patient outcomes (1). Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

23 pages, 3577 KiB  
Article
Immunogenicity of Non-Mutated Ovarian Cancer-Specific Antigens
by Leslie Hesnard, Catherine Thériault, Maxime Cahuzac, Chantal Durette, Krystel Vincent, Marie-Pierre Hardy, Joël Lanoix, Gabriel Ouellet Lavallée, Juliette Humeau, Pierre Thibault and Claude Perreault
Curr. Oncol. 2024, 31(6), 3099-3121; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol31060236 - 30 May 2024
Viewed by 397
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not significantly benefited from advances in immunotherapy, mainly because of the lack of well-defined actionable antigen targets. Using proteogenomic analyses of primary EOC tumors, we previously identified 91 aberrantly expressed tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) originating from unmutated genomic sequences. [...] Read more.
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not significantly benefited from advances in immunotherapy, mainly because of the lack of well-defined actionable antigen targets. Using proteogenomic analyses of primary EOC tumors, we previously identified 91 aberrantly expressed tumor-specific antigens (TSAs) originating from unmutated genomic sequences. Most of these TSAs derive from non-exonic regions, and their expression results from cancer-specific epigenetic changes. The present study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity of 48 TSAs selected according to two criteria: presentation by highly prevalent HLA allotypes and expression in a significant fraction of EOC tumors. Using targeted mass spectrometry analyses, we found that pulsing with synthetic TSA peptides leads to a high-level presentation on dendritic cells. TSA abundance correlated with the predicted binding affinity to the HLA allotype. We stimulated naïve CD8 T cells from healthy blood donors with TSA-pulsed dendritic cells and assessed their expansion with two assays: MHC-peptide tetramer staining and TCR Vβ CDR3 sequencing. We report that these TSAs can expand sizeable populations of CD8 T cells and, therefore, represent attractive targets for EOC immunotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ovarian Cancer in the Age of Precision Medicine)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-45
Previous Issue
Next Issue
Back to TopTop