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Diagnostics
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Recent Advances in Computed Tomography Imaging for Clinical Diagnosis
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Recent Advances in Computed Tomography Imaging for Clinical Diagnosis

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2025) | Viewed by 6667

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Mariano Scaglione

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 12, Sassari, Italy
Interests: computed tomography; diagnostic radiology; imaging; emergency medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stefania Tamburrini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, Ospedale del Mare-ASLNa1 Centro, 80147 Napoli, Italy
Interests: ultrasound; computed tomography; emergency radiology; chest imaging; gastrointestinal imaging; urinary imaging; emergency ultrasound; trauma imaging; bowel imaging
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the last three decades, the use of Computed Tomography (CT) has deeply changed the traditional paradigm of clinical diagnosis in Medicine, shifting from the classical physical point of view to a CT-guided approach. The impact of CT on morbidity, mortality, prognosis, costs and length of hospitalization has been tremendous in very different fields, including both emergency and non-emergency settings, improved cancer diagnosis, response to therapy, pre- and post-procedural assessment, helping preparation for surgeries or guiding the surgeons’ hands using a tailored operative or non-invasive approach. Advances in CT scan technology in recent years include reducing harmful radiation to patients and the development of iterative reconstruction, enabling for faster scan speed, as well as improved image quality and multiple post-processing possibilities. Actually, the increased speed of scanning enables physicians to provide more accurate diagnosis and better treatment for early or advanced coronary artery disease, which is a relatively new field of application of this technology. Spectral CT technology—also called dual-source or dual-energy CT—is actually becoming more and more relevant in clinical practice, thus creating contrast and non-contrast images from one single scan.

We welcome all colleagues to provide articles that explore modern CT technology from within their own fields.

Prof. Dr. Mariano Scaglione
Dr. Stefania Tamburrini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2239 KiB  
Article
Relationship Between Ocular Trauma Score and Computed Tomography Findings in Eyes with Penetrating Globe Injuries: A Preliminary Study
by Berire Şeyma Durmuş Ece, Zübeyir Yozgat, Yusuf İnançlı, Bunyamin Ece and Sonay Aydin
Diagnostics 2025, 15(7), 830; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15070830 - 25 Mar 2025
Viewed by 146
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate computed tomography (CT) findings in penetrating globe injuries and their relationship with ocular trauma scores (OTSs). Methods: Patients with penetrating globe injuries who had orbital CT images were included in this study. [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate computed tomography (CT) findings in penetrating globe injuries and their relationship with ocular trauma scores (OTSs). Methods: Patients with penetrating globe injuries who had orbital CT images were included in this study. Demographics, injury zone, and ophthalmologic exam data were collected retrospectively. OTSs and categories were determined. Orbital CT images were evaluated by a radiologist to determine decreased globe volume, globe wall irregularity, chorioretinal layer thickening, lens dislocation, asymmetric anterior chamber depth (ACD), abnormal vitreous density, and intraocular air presence. Results: This study included 30 eyes of 30 patients. The majority of patients (n = 20, 66.7%) had Zone I injuries. The most common CT findings were globe wall irregularity (53.3%) and asymmetric ACD (53.3%). No CT findings were observed in 10 patients (33.3%). Globe wall irregularity was the most frequent CT finding in the OTS II category, while asymmetric ACD was most frequent in the OTS IV category. All patients with decreased globe volume, lens dislocation, abnormal vitreous density, and ≥3 CT findings were in the OTS II category. A significant negative correlation was found between the number of CT findings and OTS (r = −0.644, p < 0.001), and a significant positive correlation was found between the number of CT findings and clinically measured wound size (r = 0.600, p < 0.001). Conclusions: CT findings help assess ocular trauma severity, but clinical examination remains essential for accurate diagnosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Computed Tomography Imaging for Clinical Diagnosis)
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13 pages, 2668 KiB  
Article
Correlation of Spectral CT-Based Iodine Concentration Parameters with LI-RADS Classification of Suspected Hepatocellular Carcinoma Nodules in Cirrhotic Patients
by Antonio Celestino, Paolo Marra, Alessandro Barbaro, Carlotta Gargiulo, Riccardo Muglia, Giuseppe Muscogiuri, Pietro Andrea Bonaffini and Sandro Sironi
Diagnostics 2025, 15(6), 725; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15060725 - 14 Mar 2025
Viewed by 270
Abstract
Background: The LI-RADS classification is widely used for the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk stratification of liver nodules in cirrhotic patients. The evaluation of nodule enhancement, which is a major criterion, commonly relies on qualitative assessment. This study aims to investigate the potential [...] Read more.
Background: The LI-RADS classification is widely used for the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk stratification of liver nodules in cirrhotic patients. The evaluation of nodule enhancement, which is a major criterion, commonly relies on qualitative assessment. This study aims to investigate the potential role of material density (MD) parameters in the iodine maps of spectral computed tomography (SCT) to discriminate between LI-RADS (v2018 CORE) categories in cirrhotic patients. Methods: Dual-energy SCT scans of cirrhotic patients with suspected HCC, taken between March 1st, 2022 and September 30th, 2023, were retrospectively reviewed. All the images were reviewed by trained radiologists to classify nodules as LI-RADS 3, 4, or 5 by consensus. MD maps were generated in the hepatic arterial phase (HAP), portal venous phase (PVP), and equilibrium phase (EP). The iodine concentration density (ICD) values of nodules (ICDnodule) and the non-nodular liver parenchyma (ICDliver) were measured to calculate lesion-to-non-nodular liver ICD ratio (LNR), as well as their differences (ΔICD) and ratios (rLNR). Results were correlated with LI-RADS categories. Results: A total of 69 patients were included and 79 DECT exams were assessed. Overall, 197 nodules (size 24.67 ± 23.11 mm, mean ± SD) were categorized into different LI-RADS classes: 44 were classed as LI-RADS 3 (22.3%), 14 were classed as LI-RADS 4 (7.1%), and 139 were classed as LI-RADS 5 (70.6%). The arterial LNR, arterial ICDnodule, ΔICD, and rLNR between HAP and PVP discriminated between LI-RADS 3 and LI-RADS 4+5 nodules (p < 0.001). All the calculated MD parameters showed high diagnostic accuracy rates (all AUCs = 70–73%). Conclusions: MD parameters of liver nodules measured in SCT scans are viable diagnostic tools that may increase the radiologist’s confidence in LI-RADS class allocation in cirrhotic patients. This preliminary and speculative study can serve as a baseline for the potential quantification of iodine concentrations of focal liver lesions to reduce subjectivity in hepatic nodule assessment and reporting. Future perspectives include the quantification of iodine concentration for prognostic stratification before locoregional and systemic treatments in HCC patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Computed Tomography Imaging for Clinical Diagnosis)
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10 pages, 992 KiB  
Article
Establishing a Foundation for the In Vivo Visualization of Intravascular Blood with Photon-Counting Technology in Spectral Imaging in Cranial CT
by Anna Klempka, Philipp Neumayer, Alexander Schröder, Eduardo Ackermann, Svetlana Hetjens, Sven Clausen and Christoph Groden
Diagnostics 2024, 14(14), 1561; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14141561 - 19 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1166
Abstract
Background: Advances in computed tomography (CT) technology, particularly photon-counting CT (PCCT), are reshaping the possibilities for medical imaging. PCCT in spectral imaging enables the high-resolution visualization of tissues with material-specific accuracy. This study aims to establish a foundational approach for the in vivo [...] Read more.
Background: Advances in computed tomography (CT) technology, particularly photon-counting CT (PCCT), are reshaping the possibilities for medical imaging. PCCT in spectral imaging enables the high-resolution visualization of tissues with material-specific accuracy. This study aims to establish a foundational approach for the in vivo visualization of intracranial blood using PCCT, focusing on non-enhanced imaging techniques and spectral imaging capabilities. Methods: We employed photon-counting detector within a spectral CT framework to differentiate between venous and arterial intracranial blood. Our analysis included not only monoenergetic +67 keV reconstructions, but also images from virtual non-contrast and iodine phases, enabling detailed assessments of blood’s characteristics without the use of contrast agents. Results: Our findings demonstrate the ability of PCCT to provide clear and distinct visualizations of intracranial vascular structures. We quantified the signal-to-noise ratio across different imaging phases and found consistent enhancements in image clarity, particularly in the detection and differentiation of arterial and venous blood. Conclusion: PCCT offers a robust platform for the non-invasive and detailed visualization of intravascular intracranial blood. With its superior resolution and specific imaging capabilities, PCCT lays the groundwork for advancing clinical applications and research, notably in the diagnosis and management of intracranial disorders. This technology promises to improve diagnostic accuracy by enabling more precise imaging assessments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Computed Tomography Imaging for Clinical Diagnosis)
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11 pages, 716 KiB  
Article
Local Diagnostic Reference Levels for Adult Computed Tomography Urography Exams
by Faruk Husremović, Orhan Muharemović, Edis Đedović, Alma Efendić, Jasmin Mušanović, Rifat Omerović, Hedim Osmanović and Mustafa Busuladžić
Diagnostics 2024, 14(6), 643; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060643 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1558
Abstract
A Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) scan is a medical imaging test that examines the urinary tract, including the bladder, kidneys, and ureters. It helps diagnose various urinary tract diseases with precision. However, patients undergoing CTU imaging receive a relatively high dose of radiation, [...] Read more.
A Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) scan is a medical imaging test that examines the urinary tract, including the bladder, kidneys, and ureters. It helps diagnose various urinary tract diseases with precision. However, patients undergoing CTU imaging receive a relatively high dose of radiation, which can be a concern. In our research paper, we analyzed the Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) and Dose-Length Product (DLP) for 203 adult patients who underwent CTU at one of the most important regional centers in Bosnia and Herzegovina that sees a large number of patients. Our study included the distribution of age and sex, the number of phases within one examination, and different clinical indications. We compared our findings with the results available in the scientific literature, particularly the recently published results from 20 European countries. Furthermore, we established the local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) that can help set the national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs). We believe our research is a significant step towards optimizing the protocols used in different hospitals in our country. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Computed Tomography Imaging for Clinical Diagnosis)
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Review

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17 pages, 3186 KiB  
Review
CTA Imaging of Peripheral Arterial Injuries
by Stefania Tamburrini, Giulia Lassandro, Francesco Tiralongo, Francesca Iacobellis, Francesco Michele Ronza, Carlo Liguori, Rosita Comune, Filomena Pezzullo, Michele Galluzzo, Salvatore Masala, Vincenza Granata, Antonio Basile and Mariano Scaglione
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131356 - 26 Jun 2024
Viewed by 2463
Abstract
Traumatic vascular injuries consist of direct or indirect damage to arteries and/or veins and account for 3% of all traumatic injuries. Typical consequences are hemorrhage and ischemia. Vascular injuries of the extremities can occur isolated or in association with major trauma and other [...] Read more.
Traumatic vascular injuries consist of direct or indirect damage to arteries and/or veins and account for 3% of all traumatic injuries. Typical consequences are hemorrhage and ischemia. Vascular injuries of the extremities can occur isolated or in association with major trauma and other organ injuries. They account for 1–2% of patients admitted to emergency departments and for approximately 50% of all arterial injuries. Lower extremities are more frequently injured than upper ones in the adult population. The outcome of vascular injuries is strictly correlated to the environment and the time background. Treatment can be challenging, notably in polytrauma because of the dilemma of which injury should be prioritized, and treatment delay can cause disability or even death, especially for limb vascular injury. Our purposes are to discuss the role of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the diagnosis of vascular trauma and its optimized protocol to achieve a definitive diagnosis and to assess the radiological signs of vascular injuries and the possible pitfalls. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Computed Tomography Imaging for Clinical Diagnosis)
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