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Diagnostics
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Detection of Prostate Cancer
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Detection of Prostate Cancer

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 August 2024 | Viewed by 4876

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Giuseppe Celentano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples Federico II, 80130 Naples, Italy
Interests: prostate cancer; urolithiasis; kidney cancer, kidney stones
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Nicola Pavan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
Interests: prostate cancer; bladder cancer; kidney cancer; robotic surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of death among the men in Western countries. In recent decades, prostate cancer diagnosis has significantly improved due to significant research, which, further still, continues to help facilitate our understanding of the causes, the mechanism of the cancer initiation, and new therapies. Novel diagnostic strategies such as the implementation of biomarkers, the PI-RADs scoring system, histopathology, and newly available therapeutic technologies will facilitate the development of futuristic ways of diagnosing and curing patients.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important player in the radiological detection and diagnosis of prostate cancer, and more centers are adopting this field of research to reduce the level of subjectivity in imaging evaluation. There has also been a growing interest in the automatic extraction of quantitative features from medical images, denoted as radiomics. This Special Issue will focus on advancements in the detection of prostate cancer. We prioritize high-quality original studies, encourage multidisciplinary works, and welcome well-designed meta-analyses and reviews.

Dr. Giuseppe Celentano
Dr. Nicola Pavan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prostate cancer
  • diagnosis
  • imaging
  • biomarkers
  • artificial intelligence

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 439 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Oncological Outcomes after Nerve-Sparing Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy for High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: A Single-Center, Two-Arm Prospective Study
by Lorenzo Spirito, Francesco Chessa, Anna Hagman, Anna Lantz, Giuseppe Celentano, Rodolfo Sanchez-Salas, Roberto La Rocca, Mats Olsson, Olof Akre, Vincenzo Mirone and Peter Wiklund
Diagnostics 2024, 14(8), 803; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14080803 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 532
Abstract
Aims: To compare the oncological outcomes of patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer undergoing nerve-sparing and non-nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: Between November 2002 and December 2018, we prospectively recorded the data of patients undergoing RARP for high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa) [...] Read more.
Aims: To compare the oncological outcomes of patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer undergoing nerve-sparing and non-nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Methods: Between November 2002 and December 2018, we prospectively recorded the data of patients undergoing RARP for high-risk localized prostate cancer (PCa) at our tertiary referral center. NSS (nerve-sparing surgery) was carefully offered on the basis of the preoperative clinical characteristics of the patients and an intraoperative assessment. The patients were stratified into two groups: nerve-sparing and non-nerve-sparing groups (yes/no). Radical prostatectomies were performed by 10 surgeons with a robot-assisted technique using a daVinci® surgical system. The primary oncological outcome evaluated was biochemical recurrence (BCR). The secondary oncological outcomes assessed were positive surgical margins (PSMs) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results: A total of 779 patients were included in the study: 429 (55.1%) underwent NSS while 350 (44.9%) underwent non-NSS. After a mean (±SD) follow-up of 192 (±14) months, 328 (42.1%) patients developed BCR; no significant difference was found between the NSS and non-NSS groups (156 vs. 172; p = 0.09). Both our univariable and multivariable analyses found that the nerve-sparing approach was not a predictor of BCR (p > 0.05). Kaplan–Mayer survival curves for BCR showed no significant difference among the non-NSS, unilateral NSS, and bilateral NSS groups (log rank test = 0.6). PSMs were reported after RARPs for 254 (32.6%) patients, with no significant difference between the NSS and non-NSS group (143 vs. 111; p = 0.5). In the subgroup of 15 patients who died during the follow-up period, mean (±SD) CSS was 70.5 (±26.1) months, with no significant difference between the NSS and non-NSS groups (mean CSS: 70.3 vs. 70.7 months). Conclusions: NSS does not appear to negatively impact the oncological outcomes of patients with high-risk PCa. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm our promising findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection of Prostate Cancer)
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11 pages, 1330 KiB  
Article
Incidental Prostate Cancer in Patients Treated for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Analysis from a Contemporary National Dataset
by Eugenio Bologna, Leslie Claire Licari, Antonio Franco, Francesco Ditonno, Celeste Manfredi, Cosimo De Nunzio, Alessandro Antonelli, Marco De Sio, Costantino Leonardo, Giuseppe Simone, Edward E. Cherullo and Riccardo Autorino
Diagnostics 2024, 14(7), 677; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14070677 - 23 Mar 2024
Viewed by 662
Abstract
(1) Background: Prostate Cancer (PCa) may be incidentally diagnosed during the microscopic evaluation of resected tissue from BPH surgeries, characterizing the clinical condition known as incidental PCa (iPCa). This study aims to assess the prevalence of iPCa following BPH surgery to evaluate the [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Prostate Cancer (PCa) may be incidentally diagnosed during the microscopic evaluation of resected tissue from BPH surgeries, characterizing the clinical condition known as incidental PCa (iPCa). This study aims to assess the prevalence of iPCa following BPH surgery to evaluate the associated surgical procedures and to scrutinize preoperative and postoperative management. (2) Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using the PearlDiver™ Mariner database, containing patient records compiled between 2011 and 2021. International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes were employed to identify the population and outcomes. Our primary objective was to assess the prevalence of iPCa, categorized by the type of procedures, and to evaluate the subsequent treatment strategies. The secondary aim was to assess the impact of prostate biopsy (PB) and prostate MRI on iPCa detection. (3) Results: The overall cohort, accounting for 231,626 patients who underwent BPH surgery, exhibited a 2.2% prevalence rate of iPCa. The highest rate was observed for TURP (2.32%), while the lowest was recorded for RASP (1.18%). Preoperative MRI and PB demonstrated opposing trends over the years. Of the 5090 patients identified with iPCa, nearly 68% did not receive active treatment. The most common treatments were RT and ADT; 34.6% underwent RT, 31.75% received ADT, and 21.75% were treated with RT+ADT. RP was administered to approximately 9% of patients undergoing endoscopic procedures. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed age and openSP as additional risk factors for iPCa. Conversely, PB and MRI before surgery were linked to a decreased risk. (4) Conclusions: The contemporary prevalence of iPCa after BPH surgery is <3%. The increase in the use of prostate MRI mirrors a decline in the PB biopsy prior to BPH surgery but without resulting in an increased detection rate of iPCa. In contemporary routine clinical practice, iPCa is mostly managed in a different way when compared to biopsy-detected PCa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection of Prostate Cancer)
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11 pages, 2785 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Relationship between E-Cadherin and β-Catenin Cell Adhesion Proteins and Periacinar Retraction Clefting in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
by Rinë Limani, Cvjetko Lež and Božo Krušlin
Diagnostics 2024, 14(5), 511; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14050511 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 524
Abstract
Background: Periacinar retraction clefts represent a histopathological criterion supporting the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The origin of these clefts in prostatic adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Exploring the established functions of E-cadherin and β-catenin as intercellular adhesion proteins, and aiming to elucidate the origin of [...] Read more.
Background: Periacinar retraction clefts represent a histopathological criterion supporting the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The origin of these clefts in prostatic adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Exploring the established functions of E-cadherin and β-catenin as intercellular adhesion proteins, and aiming to elucidate the origin of periacinar retraction clefting, we conducted a correlation study between the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin and the presence of periacinar retraction clefts in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Methods: We examined 53 cases of morphologically diagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma, assessing both the neoplastic and adjacent nonneoplastic prostatic tissues for the existence and degree of periacinar retraction clefts. Additionally, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins in prostatic tissue and explored their correlation with periacinar retraction clefts, and Gleason score, Grade Group, preoperative serum prostate specific-antigen (sPSA) levels, surgical margin status, and Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) stage in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Results: Our study confirms that periacinar retraction clefting is significantly more extensive in prostatic adenocarcinoma than in nonneoplastic prostatic tissue (p < 0.001). We report a decreased expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin immunostaining in prostatic adenocarcinoma and a negative correlation with Gleason score and Grade Group. Periacinar retraction clefting positively correlated with E-cadherin and β-catenin ((rho = 0.350; p = 0.010) and (rho = 0.340; p = 0.012)) immunostaining in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: Periacinar retraction clefts stand out as a dependable criterion in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins are potential markers indicative of tumor progression and invasiveness in prostatic adenocarcinoma. Our discovery of a positive correlation between immunostaining of E-cadherin and β-catenin proteins and periacinar retraction clefts in prostatic adenocarcinoma aligns with the notion that periacinar retraction clefting is more characteristic of Gleason Grade3 pattern in prostatic adenocarcinomas, whereas the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin shows a decrease with increasing histopathological tumor grade. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection of Prostate Cancer)
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Review

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12 pages, 308 KiB  
Review
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Prostate Cancer: An Overview of Diagnostic Performance, Oncological Outcomes, Safety, and Feasibility
by Giulio Rossin, Federico Zorzi, Pedro De Pablos-Rodríguez, Arianna Biasatti, Josè Marenco, Luca Ongaro, Alessandro Perotti, Gabriele Tulone, Fabio Traunero, Andrea Piasentin, Alvaro Gomez-Ferrer, Alessandro Zucchi, Carlo Trombetta, Alchiede Simonato, José Rubio-Briones, Riccardo Bartoletti, Miguel Ramírez-Backhaus and Francesco Claps
Diagnostics 2023, 13(15), 2543; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152543 - 31 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1634
Abstract
Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for prostate cancer (PCa) represents an innovative technique aimed at improving nodal staging accuracy. The routinary adoption of this procedure in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) might be crucial to identify candidates who could effectively benefit from extensive pelvic [...] Read more.
Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for prostate cancer (PCa) represents an innovative technique aimed at improving nodal staging accuracy. The routinary adoption of this procedure in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) might be crucial to identify candidates who could effectively benefit from extensive pelvic lymph nodal dissection (ePLND). Despite some promising results, SNB for PCa is still considered experimental due to the lack of solid evidence and procedural standardization. In this regard, our narrative review aimed to analyze the most recent literature in this field, providing an overview of both the diagnostic accuracy measures and the oncological outcomes of SNB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection of Prostate Cancer)

Other

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8 pages, 11544 KiB  
Interesting Images
Primary Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Prostate
by Roksolana Demianets, Dong Ren, Roozbeh Houshyar, Giovanna A. Giannico and Cary Johnson
Diagnostics 2024, 14(6), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14060645 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 680
Abstract
Prostate cancer accounts for 29% of malignant diagnoses among men in the United States and is the second leading cause of death from cancer. Effective screening methods and improved treatment have decreased the mortality rate significantly. This decreased mortality rate, however, does not [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer accounts for 29% of malignant diagnoses among men in the United States and is the second leading cause of death from cancer. Effective screening methods and improved treatment have decreased the mortality rate significantly. This decreased mortality rate, however, does not apply to all histologic variants. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the prostate is an extremely aggressive neoplasm with no current known curative therapy. It is often diagnosed after chemotherapy, radiation, or androgen deprivation therapy for traditional prostatic adenocarcinomas. Primary carcinomas of the prostate with squamous features include, but are not limited to, pure squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma mixed with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Important distinguishable clinical features of adenosquamous carcinoma include normal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, even with advanced disease and osteolytic versus osteoblastic metastatic lesions in adenocarcinoma. Additional entities to consider in the differential diagnosis are squamous metaplasia of the prostate, secondary involvement of pure SCC, and urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation. Here, we present a de novo case of adenosquamous carcinoma in a 48-year-old man who rapidly developed extensive metastatic disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection of Prostate Cancer)
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