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Diagnostics
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Diagnostic Tools to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness, Efficacy, and Safety
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Diagnostic Tools to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness, Efficacy, and Safety

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 11321

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chao-Min Cheng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan
Interests: biomedical engineering; diagnostic methods; vaccines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ching-Fen Shen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
Interests: infectious diseases; pediatrics; translational medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The spread of COVID-19 has become a global healthcare issue around the world. With recent technological advances in multiple research fields, such as materials science, micro-/nanotechnology, molecular biology, and bioengineering, much attention is shifting toward the development of new diagnostic tools that not only address the needs for high sensitivity and specificity but also fulfill economic objectives in addition to the need for rapid point-of-care for groups and individuals with constrained resources and, possibly, limited training. Determining how to evaluate the effectiveness, efficacy, safety, and side effects (with others) of COVID-19 vaccines such as specific antibody production or cellular responses is an urgent issue regardless of the development of diagnostic tools or diagnostic methods. The topics in this Special Issue would cover point-of-care diagnostic devices, ELISA-based or cell-based diagnostic approaches, and others, with a particular focus on the precise evaluation of COVID-19 vaccines.

Dr. Chao-Min Cheng
Dr. Ching-Fen Shen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • vaccine
  • mRNA vaccine
  • diagnostics
  • point-of-care diagnostics

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Editorial

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4 pages, 834 KiB  
Editorial
How to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness—An Examination of Antibody Production and T-Cell Response
by Yi-Chen Fu, Ying-Shih Su, Ching-Fen Shen and Chao-Min Cheng
Diagnostics 2022, 12(6), 1401; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061401 - 6 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2444
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an enormous impact on individuals, societies, and economies worldwide and has resulted in a significant loss of life worldwide [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Tools to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness, Efficacy, and Safety)
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Research

Jump to: Editorial

10 pages, 3077 KiB  
Article
Understanding COVID Vaccination and Its Implication in Cancer Patients’ Imaging of Lymph Nodes by PET-CT
by Laurentia Nicoleta Gales, Silvia Brotea-Mosoiu, Oana Gabriela Trifanescu, Alexandra Maria Lazar and Mirela Gherghe
Diagnostics 2022, 12(9), 2163; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092163 - 6 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2409
Abstract
(1) Background: The appearance of enlarged lymph nodes on imaging adds another layer of complexity to the differential diagnosis of disease progression versus immune response to COVID-19 vaccines. Our aim was to find an optimal timing between the vaccination and the PET-CT scan. [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The appearance of enlarged lymph nodes on imaging adds another layer of complexity to the differential diagnosis of disease progression versus immune response to COVID-19 vaccines. Our aim was to find an optimal timing between the vaccination and the PET-CT scan. (2) Methods: 25 cancer patients with 18F-FDG PET-CT evaluations and a history of COVID-19 vaccination between September 2021 and December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed to characterize the lymph nodes related to the time interval from COVID vaccination. (3) Results: All patients presented one or more adenopathies localized in the ipsilateral axilla (96%), ipsilateral cervical area (20%), ipsilateral retropectoral (20%) and pulmonary hilum (8%). The median value of SUVmax was 3.5 ± 0.5. There was a significant indirect correlation between SUVmax and the time passed between the vaccination and the PET CT (Pearson Correlation r = −0.54, p = 0.005). There was no significant difference (p = 0.19) in the SUVmax value in patients receiving Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine vs. BNT162b2 mRNA Pfizer vaccine. (4) Conclusions: Lymph node enlargement is commonly seen in patients post-vaccination for COVID-19 and must be differentiated from disease progression. The data from our study strongly suggests that the minimum interval of time between an mRNA vaccine and a PET-CT should be more than six weeks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Tools to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness, Efficacy, and Safety)
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11 pages, 2611 KiB  
Article
An RBD-Based Diagnostic Method Useful for the Surveillance of Protective Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in the Population
by Dolores Adriana Ayón-Núñez, Jacquelynne Cervantes-Torres, Carlos Cabello-Gutiérrez, Sergio Rosales-Mendoza, Diana Rios-Valencia, Leonor Huerta, Raúl J. Bobes, Julio César Carrero, René Segura-Velázquez, Nora Alma Fierro, Marisela Hernández, Joaquín Zúñiga-Ramos, Gerardo Gamba, Graciela Cárdenas, Emmanuel Frías-Jiménez, Luis Alonso Herrera, Gladis Fragoso, Edda Sciutto, Francisco Suárez-Güemes and Juan Pedro Laclette
Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1629; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071629 - 5 Jul 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2716
Abstract
After more than two years, the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing and evolving all over the world; human herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 increases either by infection or by unprecedented mass vaccination. A substantial change in population immunity is expected to contribute to the [...] Read more.
After more than two years, the COVID-19 pandemic is still ongoing and evolving all over the world; human herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 increases either by infection or by unprecedented mass vaccination. A substantial change in population immunity is expected to contribute to the control of transmission. It is essential to monitor the extension and duration of the population’s immunity to support the decisions of health authorities in each region and country, directed to chart the progressive return to normality. For this purpose, the availability of simple and cheap methods to monitor the levels of relevant antibodies in the population is a widespread necessity. Here, we describe the development of an RBD-based ELISA for the detection of specific antibodies in large numbers of samples. The recombinant expression of an RBD-poly-His fragment was carried out using either bacterial or eukaryotic cells in in vitro culture. After affinity chromatography purification, the performance of both recombinant products was compared by ELISA in similar trials. Our results showed that eukaryotic RBD increased the sensitivity of the assay. Interestingly, our results also support a correlation of the eukaryotic RBD-based ELISA with other assays aimed to test for neutralizing antibodies, which suggests that it provides an indication of protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Tools to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness, Efficacy, and Safety)
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6 pages, 4377 KiB  
Communication
Long Term Cell Immune Response to COVID-19 Vaccines Assessment Using a Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Cutaneous Test
by Yvelise Barrios, Cristina Alava-Cruz, Andres Franco and Victor Matheu
Diagnostics 2022, 12(6), 1421; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061421 - 9 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2917
Abstract
Objective: As we progress with mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, there are key questions about the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines that still are not answered. Conventional methods to measure cellular immune responses are complex and expensive in a pandemic situation. Patients and methods: Forty [...] Read more.
Objective: As we progress with mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, there are key questions about the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines that still are not answered. Conventional methods to measure cellular immune responses are complex and expensive in a pandemic situation. Patients and methods: Forty healthy healthcare workers accepted to participate during the vaccination schedule with a mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Measurement of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) cutaneous response after intradermal test of protein S of SARS-CoV-2 at day 35 and day 200 was performed. At the same time, a specific anti-RBD IgG using a classic ELISA before vaccination, and on days 0, 35, and 200 was performed. Results: All 40 individuals had a positive DTH skin response at day 35, whereas 39 participants had a positive skin test at day 200. Moreover, although all 40 individuals showed a positive humoral response of specific IgG against spike protein at day 35, with most of them having significantly lower levels at day 200. Conclusion: DTH could be proposed as an ideal and easy method to predict cellular immunity response to mRNA vaccines 200 days after starting an immunization schedule with mRNA vaccine for COVID-19. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic Tools to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness, Efficacy, and Safety)
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