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Diagnostics
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Immune-Mediated Diseases: Diagnosis and Management
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Immune-Mediated Diseases: Diagnosis and Management

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 2033

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Marcos López Hoyos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute for Research Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
2. Immunology Department, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, 39008 Santander, Spain
3. Molecular Biology Department, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain
4. National Microbiology Center, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
5. Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
Interests: immunology; autoimmunity; transplantation; tolerance; human pathology; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, “Immune-Mediated Diseases: Diagnosis and Management”, focuses on the advancements in diagnosing immune-mediated diseases. This compilation of articles delves into the diagnostic challenges and latest techniques employed in the identification of immune-mediated pathologies. This Special Issue presents a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations and symptoms associated with various immune-mediated conditions, including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, and allergic reactions. It explores the role of biomarkers, genetic testing, and immunological assays in the diagnosis of these diseases, discussing their strengths, limitations, and potential applications. The articles also highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing immune-mediated diseases, emphasizing the need for collaboration between clinicians, immunologists, and pathologists. This Special Issue provides valuable insights into the latest diagnostic techniques and strategies for immune-mediated diseases, serving as a useful resource for clinicians and researchers seeking to improve the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosis.

Prof. Dr. Marcos López Hoyos
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immune-mediated inflammatory disease
  • biomarker
  • companion diagnostics
  • cytokines
  • immunoregulation
  • complement
  • autoantibodies
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity
  • multiplexing
  • immunophenotype
  • mass cytometry
  • ELISPOT
  • single-cell RNA

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 768 KiB  
Article
Impact of Likelihood Ratios of Rheumatoid Factor and Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody in Clinical Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Two Available Platforms
by Juan Irure-Ventura, María Díaz-Toledo, Noelia Palazuelos-Cayón and Marcos López-Hoyos
Diagnostics 2025, 15(2), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15020135 - 8 Jan 2025
Viewed by 685
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases, characterized by an articular and extra-articular involvement, where autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs), are important biomarkers for the diagnosis. Autoantibody determination can be [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases, characterized by an articular and extra-articular involvement, where autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPAs), are important biomarkers for the diagnosis. Autoantibody determination can be carried out using different assays. However, the results obtained are usually expressed in arbitrary units that are not comparable. Therefore, the aim of this study is to improve clinical interpretation of RF and ACPA test results using the likelihood ratio (LR). Methods: RF and ACPA titers were analyzed by turbidimetry and chemiluminescence using Optilite and BIO-FLASH systems, respectively, in 781 samples from patients with RA and in 1970 controls. Results: The higher the antibody titer of RF or ACPA, the higher the LR for RA. The definition of test result interval-specific LR based on predefined specificities for antibody levels provides more information than the use of the cut-off set by the manufacturer for each antibody. Conclusions: The LR for RA increased with an increasing antibody level. In addition, the use of test result interval-specific LR allows better clinical interpretation for RF and ACPA assays compared to the traditional idea of interpreting antibody results in a dichotomous manner, such as negative or positive. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune-Mediated Diseases: Diagnosis and Management)
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13 pages, 2221 KiB  
Article
Anti-Modified Peptide Antibodies (AMPAs) in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Study of the Diagnostic Value of Citrullinated, Homocitrullinated, and Acetylated Fibrin/Filaggrin Chimeric Peptides
by Isabel Haro, Raul Castellanos-Moreira, Raimon Sanmartí and María José Gómara
Diagnostics 2024, 14(22), 2485; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14222485 - 7 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 864
Abstract
Background/Objectives. The presence of anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPAs), anti-carbamylated peptide/protein antibodies (anti-CarPs), and anti-acetylated peptide/protein antibodies (AAPAs), collectively termed as anti-modified peptide/protein antibodies (AMPAs), is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis. These autoantibodies play a crucial role in the complex autoimmune responses observed in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives. The presence of anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPAs), anti-carbamylated peptide/protein antibodies (anti-CarPs), and anti-acetylated peptide/protein antibodies (AAPAs), collectively termed as anti-modified peptide/protein antibodies (AMPAs), is a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis. These autoantibodies play a crucial role in the complex autoimmune responses observed in patients. Understanding the interplay between them is essential for early diagnosis and effective management of the disease. Methods. In this work, we investigate IgG, IgM, and IgA levels of ACPAs, anti-CarPs, and AAPAs in two cohorts: patients with established RA disease and healthy blood donors, using a unique peptide antigenic backbone. Results. Our results showed that antibody levels of anti-citrullinated peptide (CFFCP) and anti-homocitrullinated peptide (CFFHP) were significantly higher in RA patients compared to healthy blood donors in the three isotypes analyzed, IgG, IgA, and IgM. Fine specificities were more frequent when using the CFFCP antigen. Regarding the reactivity to the acetyl-lysine modified peptide (CFFAP), the correlation between IgA and IgG/IgM was very weak. CCFAP was highly specific for isotypes IgG and IgA, but its sensitivity was low for both isotypes. Anti-CarP and AAPA are significant in the context of RA, particularly concerning their IgA isotypes. Conclusions. Their inclusion in diagnostics assessments for RA, especially for anti-citrulline negative cases, presents a potential advance in the field; however, they do not replace yet traditional markers like rheumatoid factor (RF) and ACPAs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune-Mediated Diseases: Diagnosis and Management)
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