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Diagnostics
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Diagnosis, Management, and Advances in Research on ENT Diseases
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Diagnosis, Management, and Advances in Research on ENT Diseases

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 18521

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wojciech Kukwa

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Otolaryngology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: OSA; sleep disorders and sleep medicine; treatment; tumors; cancer; oncology; otolaryngology; sleep medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mirosław J. Szczepański

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: rhinosinusitis; Graves’ ophthalmopathy; scuba-diving medicine; treatment; otolaryngology; tumor immunology; exosomes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

ENT has the privilege of dealing with an extremely interesting body area with a complex anatomical structure and function. It is a wide specialty where the rapid progress in diagnosis, treatment and management can be observed in rhinology, otology as well as upper aerodigestive tract disorders.Additionally, ENT continues progress in the diagnosis and therapy of head and neck cancers, and participates in the development of more and more effective methods of diagnosing and treating sleep breathing disorders.The primary goal of this Special Issue is to advance the knowledge of ENT scientific progress and achievements. We invite all researchers who could contribute to this issue in a form of systematic reviews, original research or short communications, as well as case reports.

Dr. Mirosław J. Szczepański
Dr. Wojciech Kukwa
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Head and Neck Cancer
  • Sleep-Disordered Breathing
  • Rhinology
  • Otology
  • Hearing problems
  • Audiology
  • Tumor Immunology
  • Graves’ ophthalmopathy
  • ENT related scuba-diving diseases

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1636 KiB  
Article
Elevation of CD40/CD40L Inflammatory Pathway Molecules in Carotid Plaques from Moderate-and-Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
by Ewa Migacz, Wioletta Olejarz, Alicja Głuszko, Katarzyna Bednarek-Rajewska, Robert Proczka, David F. Smith, Stacey L. Ishman and Wojciech Kukwa
Diagnostics 2021, 11(6), 935; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11060935 - 22 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2165
Abstract
A chronic inflammatory process characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea promotes vascular endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. This process can lead to destabilization and rupture of cardiovascular plaques, which clinically manifests as an acute coronary syndrome or stroke. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.
A chronic inflammatory process characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea promotes vascular endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis. This process can lead to destabilization and rupture of cardiovascular plaques, which clinically manifests as an acute coronary syndrome or stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory pathway leading to plaque destabilization in non-to-mild and moderate-to-severe groups of OSA patients. This prospective study involved enrollment of patients scheduled for endarterectomy. A sleep study was performed prior to surgery. Immunohistochemistry was performed on atherosclerotic plaques from carotid arteries obtained during standard open endarterectomy to determine levels of CD40, CD40L receptors, MCP-1, and MMP-9. The 46 patients included 14 controls, 13 with mild, 11 with moderate, and 8 with severe OSA. Increased expression of CD40, CD40L receptors, MCP-1, and MMP-9 were found to be proportionate with OSA severity. However, significant differences among groups were observed only for MCP-1 (p = 0.014). Increased expression of inflammatory markers (CD40, CD40L, MCP-1, MMP-9) is associated with increasing OSA severity. This suggests the CD40-CD4-L inflammatory pathway may contribute to plaque instability and rupture in OSA patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Management, and Advances in Research on ENT Diseases)
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12 pages, 1020 KiB  
Article
Intradermal Testing Doubles Identification of Allergy among 110 Immunotherapy-Responsive Patients with Eustachian Tube Dysfunction
by David S. Hurst, Bruce R. Gordon, Alan B. McDaniel and Dennis S. Poe
Diagnostics 2021, 11(5), 763; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050763 - 24 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2613
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sensitivity advantage of intradermal dilutional testing (IDT) is clinically relevant in patients with obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) or otitis media with effusion (OME). This retrospective, private-practice cohort study compared the sensitivity of [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether the sensitivity advantage of intradermal dilutional testing (IDT) is clinically relevant in patients with obstructive Eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD) or otitis media with effusion (OME). This retrospective, private-practice cohort study compared the sensitivity of skin prick tests (SPT) vs. IDT in 110 adults and children with suspected allergy and OME. Primary outcome measure was symptom resolution from allergy immunotherapy (AIT). IDT identified 57% more patients as being allergic, and 8.6 times more reactive allergens than would have been diagnosed using only SPT. Patients diagnosed by IDT had the same degree of symptom improvement from immunotherapy, independent of allergen sensitivity (66% by SPT vs. 63% by IDT; p = 0.69, not different). Low-sensitivity allergy tests, which may fail to identify allergy in over two thirds of children aged 3 to 15 as being atopic, or among 60% of patients with ETD, may explain why many physicians do not consider allergy as a treatable etiology for their patient’s OME/ETD. IDT offers superior sensitivity over SPT for detecting allergens clinically relevant to treating OME/ETD. These data strongly support increased utilization of intradermal testing and invite additional clinical outcome studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Management, and Advances in Research on ENT Diseases)
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12 pages, 3393 KiB  
Article
Analyses of the Relation between BPPV and Thyroid Diseases: A Nested Case-Control Study
by Hyo Geun Choi, Young Shin Song, Jee Hye Wee, Chanyang Min, Dae Myoung Yoo and So Young Kim
Diagnostics 2021, 11(2), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020329 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3786
Abstract
Background: This study investigated relationship between multiple thyroid disorders and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), adjusting for levothyroxine medication. Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data from 2002 to 2015 were used. A total of 19,071 patients with BPPV were [...] Read more.
Background: This study investigated relationship between multiple thyroid disorders and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), adjusting for levothyroxine medication. Methods: The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort data from 2002 to 2015 were used. A total of 19,071 patients with BPPV were matched with 76,284 participants of a control group in a ratio of 1:4 for age, sex, income, and region of residence. The previous histories of thyroid disorders such as goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, and autoimmune thyroiditis were investigated in both the BPPV and control groups. The odds ratios (ORs) for BPPV in thyroid diseases were calculated using conditional logistic regression analyses. Results: The histories of goiter (5.5% vs. 4.1%), hypothyroidism (4.7% vs. 3.7%), thyroiditis (2.1% vs. 1.6%), and hyperthyroidism (3.1% vs. 2.5%) were higher in the BPPV group than in the control group (all p < 0.001). Goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and hyperthyroidism were associated with BPPV (adjusted OR = 1.28 (95% CI = 1.17–1.39) for goiter, 1.23 (95% CI = 1.10–1.37) for hypothyroidism, 1.13 (95% CI = 1.02–1.26) for hyperthyroidism, each p < 0.05). Conclusions: BPPV was associated with thyroid disorders such as goiter, hypothyroidism, thyroiditis, and hyperthyroidism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Management, and Advances in Research on ENT Diseases)
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10 pages, 899 KiB  
Article
Association between Dyslipidemia and Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a Korean Population
by Jee Hye Wee, Chanyang Min, Min Woo Park, Soo Hwan Byun, Hyo-Jeong Lee, Chang Myeon Song, Bumjung Park and Hyo Geun Choi
Diagnostics 2021, 11(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11010026 - 25 Dec 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2333
Abstract
This study aims to assess the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and dyslipidemia in a Korean population. The population aged 40 years or over was selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort. CRS was defined if patients were treated [...] Read more.
This study aims to assess the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and dyslipidemia in a Korean population. The population aged 40 years or over was selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort. CRS was defined if patients were treated ≥2 times with ICD-10 code (J32) and underwent head and neck computed tomography. Patients with CRS were classified as having nasal polyps (J33) or not. Dyslipidemia was defined if participants with the ICD-10 code (E78) were treated ≥2 times from 2002 to 2015. A total of 6163 patients with CRS were matched with 24,652 controls (1:4 ratio) for sex, age, income, and residence. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) of a previous dyslipidemia in patients with CRS were analyzed by conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted for confounding factors. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly higher in participants with CRS (26.1%) than in the controls (20.6%) (p < 0.001). There was a significant positive association between CRS with/without nasal polyps and dyslipidemia (aOR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.26–1.47, p < 0.001). The association between CRS and dyslipidemia was stronger for CRS without nasal polyps (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.28–1.57, p < 0.001) than for CRS with nasal polyps (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.17–1.47, p < 0.001). All age and sex subgroups exhibited consistent results. A personal history of dyslipidemia was associated with risk of CRS regardless of total cholesterol and the use of statins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Management, and Advances in Research on ENT Diseases)
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Review

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11 pages, 646 KiB  
Review
Circadian Biology in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
by Bala S. C. Koritala, Zachary Conroy and David F. Smith
Diagnostics 2021, 11(6), 1082; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11061082 - 13 Jun 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3564
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex process that can lead to the dysregulation of the molecular clock, as well as 24 h rhythms of sleep and wake, blood pressure, and other associated biological processes. Previous work has demonstrated crosstalk between the circadian [...] Read more.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex process that can lead to the dysregulation of the molecular clock, as well as 24 h rhythms of sleep and wake, blood pressure, and other associated biological processes. Previous work has demonstrated crosstalk between the circadian clock and hypoxia-responsive pathways. However, even in the absence of OSA, disrupted clocks can exacerbate OSA-associated outcomes (e.g., cardiovascular or cognitive outcomes). As we expand our understanding of circadian biology in the setting of OSA, this information could play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of OSA. Here, we summarize the pre-existing knowledge of circadian biology in patients with OSA and examine the utility of circadian biomarkers as alternative clinical tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Management, and Advances in Research on ENT Diseases)
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15 pages, 2139 KiB  
Review
The Emerging Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Inflammatory Airway Diseases
by Katarzyna Piszczatowska, Katarzyna Czerwaty, Anna M. Cyran, Mathias Fiedler, Nils Ludwig, Jacek Brzost and Mirosław J. Szczepański
Diagnostics 2021, 11(2), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11020222 - 2 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2891
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced and released by all cells and are present in all body fluids. They exist in a variety of sizes, however, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), the EV subset with a size range from 30 to 150 nm, are of [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced and released by all cells and are present in all body fluids. They exist in a variety of sizes, however, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), the EV subset with a size range from 30 to 150 nm, are of current interest. By transporting a complex cargo that includes genetic material, proteins, lipids, and signaling molecules, sEVs can alter the state of recipient cells. The role of sEVs in mediating inflammatory processes and responses of the immune system is well-documented, and adds another layer of complexity to our understanding of frequent diseases, including chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and upper airway infections. In these diseases, two aspects of sEV biology are of particular interest: (1) sEVs might be involved in the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases, and might emerge as attractive therapeutic targets, and (2) sEVs might be of diagnostic or prognostic relevance. The purpose of this review is to outline the biological functions of sEVs and their capacity to both augment and attenuate inflammation and immune response in the context of pathogen invasion, CRS, asthma, and COPD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis, Management, and Advances in Research on ENT Diseases)
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