Recent Advances in Breast Pathology

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in genetics and molecular pathology in recent decades have led to the identification of different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Newer findings, on which the new classification is based, made it possible to observe significant immunohistochemical and pathohistological differences between these entities that have the same embryonic origin. These tumors are defined both by their molecular phenotype and histopathological characteristics. However, histopathological classification remains the gold standard for diagnosis in most cases. Adequate pathological–radiological correlations of breast lesions, from mammography to ultrasound-guided core biopsies of the breast, are of particular importance. The use of monoclonal antibodies enabled the determination of hormone receptors, which is both therapeutically and prognostically significant. Given that breast cancers show hormonal regulation, both in the course of their genesis and in the course of their evolution, the determination of hormone receptors enables the adequate application of appropriate antihormonal therapy. The issue of discrepancies in immunohistochemical interpretation and the issue of standardized interpretation of reactivity in immunohistochemical preparations could be solved by quantitatively using photometric methods, where specifically stained regions are distinguished based on the color of the chromogen. Additionally, information on molecular prognostic and predictive markers is of great importance, including the regulators responsible for the repair of damaged DNA, regulators of cell migration and proliferation, regulators of apoptosis, as well as the effect of immune check point proteins (PDL1).

Dr. Ivan R. Ilić
Dr. Pavle Randjelovic
Guest Editors

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• ER
• PR
• HER2
• Ki67
• PDL1
• triple-negative breast cancer
• ultrasound-guided breast core biopsy
• mammogram
• pathologic–radiologic correlation