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Diagnostics
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Urogenital Cancers: Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Markers 2020
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Urogenital Cancers: Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Markers 2020

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2020) | Viewed by 33279

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Makito Miyake

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Urology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
Interests: renal cell carcinoma; urothelial carcinoma; prostate cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Urogenital cancers include urothelial cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, and other types of malignancies arising from retroperitoneal organs. Some of them are deadly and others are indolent, claiming that active surveillance is acceptable. There are still unsolved problems in early diagnosis, treatment selection, and precision medicine in this field. The forthcoming Special Issue focuses on many vital aspects that make urologists understand urogenital cancers, their characteristics, early diagnosis, prediction of treatment efficacy, and risk factors that are significant to the clinical management of urogenital cancer. We welcome submissions on, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Morbidity risk factors
  • Non-invasive detection biomarkers (focusing on early detection is preferred): strengths and weaknesses
  • Novel DNA, RNA, protein biomarkers
  • Novel systemic inflammation markers and nutritional markers such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and Glasgow prognostic score (GPS)
  • Novel radiographic markers
  • Histological variants and their clinical impact
  • Predictors of treatment responses
  • Precision medicine
  • Immunotherapy including immune check point inhibitors
  • Decreasing morbidity risk, recurrence risk, and progression risk
  • Upstaging in surgical specimens: gap between clinical stage and pathological stage
  • Interpretation of cancer screening trials such as PSA screening in prostate cancer and urianalysis screening for bladder cancer

Dr. Makito Miyake
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1718 KiB  
Article
Clinical Impact of Sarcopenia and Inflammatory/Nutritional Markers in Patients with Unresectable Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Pembrolizumab
by Takuto Shimizu, Makito Miyake, Shunta Hori, Kazuki Ichikawa, Chihiro Omori, Yusuke Iemura, Takuya Owari, Yoshitaka Itami, Yasushi Nakai, Satoshi Anai, Atsushi Tomioka, Nobumichi Tanaka and Kiyohide Fujimoto
Diagnostics 2020, 10(5), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10050310 - 15 May 2020
Cited by 43 | Viewed by 3391
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a muscle loss syndrome known as a risk factor of various carcinomas. The impact of sarcopenia and sarcopenia-related inflammatory/nutritional markers in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) treated with pembrolizumab was unknown, so this retrospective study of 27 patients was performed. Psoas muscle [...] Read more.
Sarcopenia is a muscle loss syndrome known as a risk factor of various carcinomas. The impact of sarcopenia and sarcopenia-related inflammatory/nutritional markers in metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) treated with pembrolizumab was unknown, so this retrospective study of 27 patients was performed. Psoas muscle mass index (PMI) was calculated by bilateral psoas major muscle area at the L3 with computed tomography. The cut-off PMI value for sarcopenia was defined as ≤6.36 cm2/m2 for men and ≤3.92 cm2/m2 for women. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥ 4.0 and sarcopenia correlated with significantly shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (hazard ratio (HR) 3.81, p = 0.020; and HR 2.99, p = 0.027, respectively). Multivariate analyses identified NLR ≥ 4.0 and sarcopenia as independent predictors for PFS (HR 2.89, p = 0.025; and HR 2.79, p = 0.030, respectively). Prognostic nutrition index < 45, NLR ≥ 4.0 and sarcopenia were correlated with significantly worse for overall survival (OS) (HR 3.44, p = 0.046; HR 4.26, p = 0.024; and HR 3.92, p = 0.012, respectively). Multivariate analyses identified sarcopenia as an independent predictor for OS (HR 4.00, p = 0.026). Furthermore, a decrease in PMI ≥ 5% in a month was an independent predictor of PFS and OS (HR 12.8, p = 0.008; and HR 6.21, p = 0.036, respectively). Evaluation of sarcopenia and inflammatory/nutritional markers may help in the management of mUC with pembrolizumab. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urogenital Cancers: Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Markers 2020)
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13 pages, 1287 KiB  
Article
Clinical Significance of Tumor Size, Pathological Invasion Sites Including Urinary Collecting System and Clinically Detected Renal Vein Thrombus as Predictors for Recurrence in pT3a Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma
by Takuto Shimizu, Makito Miyake, Shunta Hori, Kota Iida, Kazuki Ichikawa, Keiichi Sakamoto, Tatsuki Miyamoto, Yasushi Nakai, Takeshi Inoue, Satoshi Anai, Nobumichi Tanaka and Kiyohide Fujimoto
Diagnostics 2020, 10(3), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10030154 - 12 Mar 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3914
Abstract
The recent eighth tumor-node-metastasis (TMN) staging system classifies renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with perirenal fat invasion (PFI), renal sinus fat invasion (SFI), or renal vein invasion (RVI) as stage pT3a. However, limited data are available on whether these sites have similar prognostic value [...] Read more.
The recent eighth tumor-node-metastasis (TMN) staging system classifies renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with perirenal fat invasion (PFI), renal sinus fat invasion (SFI), or renal vein invasion (RVI) as stage pT3a. However, limited data are available on whether these sites have similar prognostic value or recurrence rate. We investigated the recurrence rate based on tumor size, pathological invasion sites including urinary collecting system invasion (UCSI), and clinically detected renal vein thrombus (cd-RVT) with pT3aN0M0 RCC. We retrospectively reviewed 91 patients with pT3aN0M0 RCC who underwent surgical treatment. Patients with tumor size > 7 cm, UCSI, three invasive sites (PFI + SFI + RVI), and cd-RVT showed a significant correlation with high recurrence rates (hazard ration (HR) 2.98, p = 0.013; HR 8.86, p < 0.0001; HR 14.28, p = 0.0008; and HR 4.08, p = 0.0074, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, tumor size of >7 cm, the presence of UCSI, and cd-RVT were the independent predictors of recurrence (HR 3.39, p = 0.043, HR 7.31, p = 0.01, HR 5.06, p = 0.018, respectively). In pT3a RCC, tumor size (7 cm cut-off), UCSI, and cd-RVT may help to provide an early diagnosis of recurrence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urogenital Cancers: Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Markers 2020)
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Review

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20 pages, 785 KiB  
Review
PSA Based Biomarkers, Imagistic Techniques and Combined Tests for a Better Diagnostic of Localized Prostate Cancer
by Vlad Cristian Munteanu, Raluca Andrada Munteanu, Diana Gulei, Vlad Horia Schitcu, Bogdan Petrut, Ioana Berindan Neagoe, Patriciu Achimas Cadariu and Ioan Coman
Diagnostics 2020, 10(10), 806; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10100806 - 10 Oct 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4127
Abstract
Prostate cancer represents the most encountered urinary malignancy in males over 50 years old, and the second most diagnosed after lung cancer globally. Digital rectal examination and prostatic specific antigen were the long-time standard tools for diagnosis but with a significant risk of [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer represents the most encountered urinary malignancy in males over 50 years old, and the second most diagnosed after lung cancer globally. Digital rectal examination and prostatic specific antigen were the long-time standard tools for diagnosis but with a significant risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Magnetic resonance imaging recently entered the diagnosis process, but to this date, there is no specific biomarker that accurately indicates whether to proceed with the prostate biopsy. Research in this area has gone towards this direction, and recently, serum, urine, imagistic, tissue biomarkers, and Risk Calculators promise to help better diagnose and stratify prostate cancer. In order to eliminate the comorbidities that appear along with the diagnosis and treatment of this disease, there is a constant need to implement new diagnostic strategies. Important uro-oncology associations recommend the use of novel biomarkers in the grey area of prostate cancer, to better distinguish the next step in the diagnostic process. Although it is not that simple, they should be integrated according to the clinical policies, and it should be considered that statistical significance does not always equal clinical significance. In this review, we analyzed the contribution of prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based biomarkers (PHI, PHID, 4Kscore, STHLM3), imagistic techniques (mp-MRI and mp-US), and combined tests in the early diagnosis process of localized prostate cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urogenital Cancers: Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Markers 2020)
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16 pages, 5890 KiB  
Review
The Role of Imaging in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Staging
by Samuel J. Galgano, Kristin K. Porter, Constantine Burgan and Soroush Rais-Bahrami
Diagnostics 2020, 10(9), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10090703 - 16 Sep 2020
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 18045
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer of the urinary tract in the United States. Imaging plays a significant role in the management of patients with BC, including the locoregional staging and evaluation for distant metastatic disease, which cannot be assessed at [...] Read more.
Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer of the urinary tract in the United States. Imaging plays a significant role in the management of patients with BC, including the locoregional staging and evaluation for distant metastatic disease, which cannot be assessed at the time of cystoscopy and biopsy/resection. We aim to review the current role of cross-sectional and molecular imaging modalities for the staging and restaging of BC and the potential advantages and limitations of each imaging modality. CT is the most widely available and frequently utilized imaging modality for BC and demonstrates good performance for the detection of nodal and visceral metastatic disease. MRI offers potential value for the locoregional staging and evaluation of muscular invasion of BC, which is critically important for prognostication and treatment decision-making. FDG-PET/MRI is a novel hybrid imaging modality combining the advantages of both MRI and FDG-PET/CT in a single-setting comprehensive staging examination and may represent the future of BC imaging evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urogenital Cancers: Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Markers 2020)
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Other

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1 pages, 154 KiB  
Reply
Reply to “Predictors of Recurrence for T3a RCC: A Recurring Conundrum”
by Makito Miyake, Takuto Shimizu, Shunta Hori, Kota Iida, Yasushi Nakai and Kiyohide Fujimoto
Diagnostics 2020, 10(11), 984; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110984 - 21 Nov 2020
Viewed by 1499
Abstract
We really appreciate Leopold et al’s thoughtful comments in response to our manuscript regarding the prognostic value of pT3 renal cell carcinoma (RCC)-related features [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urogenital Cancers: Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Markers 2020)
3 pages, 201 KiB  
Comment
Predictors of Recurrence for T3a RCC: A Recurring Conundrum
by Zev Leopold, Arnav Srivastava and Eric A. Singer
Diagnostics 2020, 10(11), 983; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10110983 - 21 Nov 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1821
Abstract
Although the gold standard treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is radical nephrectomy (RN) or partial nephrectomy (PN), recurrence rates remain high at 7%, 26%, and 39% for T1, T2, and T3 staged disease, respectively [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urogenital Cancers: Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prognostic Markers 2020)
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