Machine Learning in Medical Imaging

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 1253

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: medical image analysis; machine learning and artificial intelligence for computer-aided diagnosis and treatment
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Medical imaging is a cornerstone of modern medicine, allowing physicians to peer inside the human body with unprecedented clarity. However, the sheer volume and complexity of medical image data have posed challenges that have often necessitated time-consuming and subjective human interpretation. Machine learning, which provides the ability to sift through vast datasets, identify patterns, and make predictions with remarkable accuracy, represents a paradigm shift with the potential to revolutionize medical practice, enabling earlier and more precise diagnoses, personalized treatment plans, and enhanced patient care.

This Special Issue addresses all aspects relevant to the application of machine learning in medical imaging. From the development of novel machine learning algorithms for medical image acquisition, processing, and analysis (e.g., image segmentation, registration, disease classification, and predictive modeling) to the ethical and regulatory considerations that accompany the adoption of these algorithms, this Special Issue aims to discuss the current state-of-the-art technologies that pertain to this dynamic field, as well as the field’s emerging trends and potential future research directions. We invite researchers to contribute to this Special Issue with original research articles and review articles that focus on machine learning in medical imaging.

Dr. Gemma Piella
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

24 pages, 43198 KiB  
Article
Latent Diffusion Models with Image-Derived Annotations for Enhanced AI-Assisted Cancer Diagnosis in Histopathology
by Pedro Osorio, Guillermo Jimenez-Perez, Javier Montalt-Tordera, Jens Hooge, Guillem Duran-Ballester, Shivam Singh, Moritz Radbruch, Ute Bach, Sabrina Schroeder, Krystyna Siudak, Julia Vienenkoetter, Bettina Lawrenz and Sadegh Mohammadi
Diagnostics 2024, 14(13), 1442; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14131442 - 5 Jul 2024
Viewed by 846
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based image analysis has immense potential to support diagnostic histopathology, including cancer diagnostics. However, developing supervised AI methods requires large-scale annotated datasets. A potentially powerful solution is to augment training data with synthetic data. Latent diffusion models, which can generate high-quality, [...] Read more.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based image analysis has immense potential to support diagnostic histopathology, including cancer diagnostics. However, developing supervised AI methods requires large-scale annotated datasets. A potentially powerful solution is to augment training data with synthetic data. Latent diffusion models, which can generate high-quality, diverse synthetic images, are promising. However, the most common implementations rely on detailed textual descriptions, which are not generally available in this domain. This work proposes a method that constructs structured textual prompts from automatically extracted image features. We experiment with the PCam dataset, composed of tissue patches only loosely annotated as healthy or cancerous. We show that including image-derived features in the prompt, as opposed to only healthy and cancerous labels, improves the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) by 88.6. We also show that pathologists find it challenging to detect synthetic images, with a median sensitivity/specificity of 0.55/0.55. Finally, we show that synthetic data effectively train AI models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Machine Learning in Medical Imaging)
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