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Energies
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Operation and Optimization of Renewable Energy Power System
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Operation and Optimization of Renewable Energy Power System

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A: Sustainable Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 8005

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vedran Kirincic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Interests: electric vehicles; renewable energy sources; energy storage; smart-grid technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Tomislav Plavsic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Interests: power system operation and control, power system optimization, renewable energy sources; energy storage; smart-grid technologies
Dr. Vladimir Valentic

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Interests: power system operation and control; energy power transition; electric power system economical and environmental issues
Dr. Marko Mimica

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Ivana Lučića 5, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: smart energy system; optimization procedures; energy markets; power system operation and planning; cross-sectoral integration; flexibility technologies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In light of the rapid decarbonization and decentralization of power systems, renewable energy sources have gained increasing attention over the past years, taking more of the share every year of installed power and electricity production worldwide. Wind and solar power provide the largest amount of energy among the renewable energy sources, and have the highest growth rate both in installed power and electricity produced. Most of the world countries are determined to accelerate the transition towards low-carbon power systems. This means that renewable energy sources will become the world’s dominant electricity source in the years to come.

The volatility and unpredictability of electricity production from wind and solar presents a serious challenge for the operation and optimization of power systems. Future decarbonized and decentralized power systems will have to convert from today’s load following to generation following. This will require tremendous changes in the way power systems are operated, demanding new sources of power system flexibility and adequate technology solutions to cope with the high level of power system decentralization.

This Special Issue focuses on the future challenges in the operation of power systems with a high share of renewable energy sources, and the corresponding solutions in terms of the development of different optimization algorithms and technology innovations.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Optimal power flow algorithms;
  • Renewable energy generation forecasting;
  • Ancillary services from renewable energy sources;
  • Energy storage systems’ role in future power system operation;
  • Demand response flexibility support;
  • Optimal operation of decentralized power systems;
  • Optimal grid expansion planning with FACTS devices and other technology innovations.

Dr. Vedran Kirincic
Dr. Tomislav Plavsic
Dr. Vladimir Valentic
Dr. Marko Mimica
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy sources
  • power system operation and control
  • optimal power flow
  • ancillary services
  • flexibility sources
  • demand response
  • energy storage systems
  • grid expansion planning
  • smart grids
  • FACTS devices

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4200 KiB  
Article
Projections for the 2050 Scenario of the Mexican Electrical System
by Diocelina Toledo-Vázquez, Rosenberg J. Romero, Gabriela Hernández-Luna, Jesús Cerezo and Moisés Montiel-González
Energies 2024, 17(17), 4326; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174326 - 29 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1043
Abstract
Electricity is fundamental to modern societies and will become even more so as its use expands through different technologies and population growth. Power generation is currently the largest source of carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions globally, but it is also the sector that [...] Read more.
Electricity is fundamental to modern societies and will become even more so as its use expands through different technologies and population growth. Power generation is currently the largest source of carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions globally, but it is also the sector that is leading the transition to net zero emissions through the rapid rise of renewables. The impacts of COVID-19 on the electricity sector led to a reduction in the demand for electricity, while at the same time, the current global energy crisis has placed the security and affordability of electricity at the top of the political agenda in many countries. In this way, the decrease in the demand for electricity, as well as its gradual recovery, makes it necessary to carry out energy planning that considers the adverse effects caused by global events with a high socioeconomic impact. In this article, the Low Emission Analysis Platform (LEAP) 2020 software has been used to determine the distribution of energy sources to 2050 for Mexico. The variables that lead to the possible profiles for 2050 are social, economic, and technological. The results correspond to a possible future based on official data from the National Electric System (SEN) of Mexico. The forecast for 2050 indicates that the electricity sector will have almost double the current installed capacity; however, emissions do not correspond to twice as much: they are practically 50% higher. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operation and Optimization of Renewable Energy Power System)
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19 pages, 17675 KiB  
Article
Fault Diagnosis of Hydropower Units Based on Gramian Angular Summation Field and Parallel CNN
by Xiang Li, Jianbo Zhang, Boyi Xiao, Yun Zeng, Shunli Lv, Jing Qian and Zhaorui Du
Energies 2024, 17(13), 3084; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17133084 - 22 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 710
Abstract
To enhance the operational efficiency and fault detection accuracy of hydroelectric units, this paper proposes a parallel convolutional neural network model that integrates the Gramian angular summation field (GASF) with an Improved coati optimization algorithm–parallel convolutional neural network (ICOA-PCNN). Additionally, to further improve [...] Read more.
To enhance the operational efficiency and fault detection accuracy of hydroelectric units, this paper proposes a parallel convolutional neural network model that integrates the Gramian angular summation field (GASF) with an Improved coati optimization algorithm–parallel convolutional neural network (ICOA-PCNN). Additionally, to further improve the model’s accuracy in fault identification, a multi-head self-attention mechanism (MSA) and support vector machine (SVM) are introduced for a secondary optimization of the model. Initially, the GASF technique converts one-dimensional time series signals into two-dimensional images, and a COA-CNN dual-branch model is established for feature extraction. To address the issues of uneven population distribution and susceptibility to local optima in the COA algorithm, various optimization strategies are implemented to improve its global search capability. Experimental results indicate that the accuracy of this model reaches 100%, significantly surpassing other nonoptimized models. This research provides a valuable addition to fault diagnosis technology for modern hydroelectric units. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operation and Optimization of Renewable Energy Power System)
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11 pages, 2750 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigations on the Transient Aerodynamic Performance Characterization of a Multibladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine
by Jamie Christie, Thomas Lines, Dillon Simpson, Taimoor Asim, Muhammad Salman Siddiqui and Sheikh Zahidul Islam
Energies 2024, 17(8), 1900; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17081900 - 16 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1119
Abstract
The use of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in urban environments is on the rise due to their relatively smaller size, simpler design, lower manufacturing and maintenance costs, and above all, due to their omnidirectionality. The multibladed drag-based VAWT has been identified as [...] Read more.
The use of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) in urban environments is on the rise due to their relatively smaller size, simpler design, lower manufacturing and maintenance costs, and above all, due to their omnidirectionality. The multibladed drag-based VAWT has been identified as a design configuration with superior aerodynamic performance. Numerous studies have been carried out in order to better understand the complex aerodynamic performance of multibladed VAWTs employing steady-state or quasi-steady numerical methods. The transient aerodynamics associated with a multibladed VAWT, especially the time–history of the power coefficient of each blade, has not been reported in the published literature. This information is important for the identification of individual blade’s orientation when producing negative torque. The current study aims to bridge this gap in the literature through real-time tracking of the rotor blade’s aerodynamic performance characteristics during one complete revolution. Numerical investigations were carried out using advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based techniques for a tip speed ratio of 0 to 1. The results indicate that transient aerodynamic characterization is 13% more accurate in predicting the power generation from the VAWT. While steady-state performance characterization indicates a negative power coefficient (Cp) at λ = 0.65, transient analysis suggests that this happens at λ = 0.75. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operation and Optimization of Renewable Energy Power System)
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17 pages, 1026 KiB  
Article
Organisation of the Structure and Functioning of Self-Sufficient Distributed Power Generation
by Oleksandra Hotra, Mykhailo Kulyk, Vitalii Babak, Svitlana Kovtun, Oleksandr Zgurovets, Janusz Mroczka and Piotr Kisała
Energies 2024, 17(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010027 - 20 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1111
Abstract
During the operation of solar and wind power plants, it is necessary to solve issues related to the guaranteed capacity of these plants, as well as the frequency stabilisation in the power system where they operate, and maintain an operating mode of self-sufficiency [...] Read more.
During the operation of solar and wind power plants, it is necessary to solve issues related to the guaranteed capacity of these plants, as well as the frequency stabilisation in the power system where they operate, and maintain an operating mode of self-sufficiency conditions. One of the solutions to these problems is the use of energy storage systems. This article proposes a mathematical model for the study of frequency and power regulation processes in power systems with distributed generation, which includes renewable energy resources and energy storage systems. The novelty of the model lies in the possibility of determining energy cost indicators based on instantaneous energy power data. The model allows us to estimate the conditions under which distributed generation becomes self-sufficient. The results of the model calculations of two variants of power system operation, which includes wind generators with a capacity of 1500 MW, demonstrate the ability of the proposed model to accurately reproduce the dynamics of the frequency stabilisation process. The calculation results of the energy-economic indicators of a real power system combined with a powerful subsystem of wind generation and a battery-type energy storage system prove the competitiveness of self-sufficient renewable energy power plants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operation and Optimization of Renewable Energy Power System)
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22 pages, 2513 KiB  
Article
Fundamentals of State-Space Based Load Flow Calculation of Modern Energy Systems
by Tobias Blenk and Christian Weindl
Energies 2023, 16(13), 4872; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134872 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1750
Abstract
Our current energy landscape is ever-changing, resulting from the ongoing energy transition and introducing a massive expansion of volatile generation feed-in and energy consumption (due to electrification). In turn, the energy supply’s requirements are also being affected. In this context, the energy system’s [...] Read more.
Our current energy landscape is ever-changing, resulting from the ongoing energy transition and introducing a massive expansion of volatile generation feed-in and energy consumption (due to electrification). In turn, the energy supply’s requirements are also being affected. In this context, the energy system’s optimisation across all sectors will only grow in significance, especially in terms of future developments. Facilitating and researching methods for carrying out the aforementioned optimisation creates new demands pertaining to load flow simulation programmes. The volatility of specific participants and their interactions within existing power grids must be evaluated, wherefore the consideration of a large number of time steps but also dynamic simulations becomes inevitable. Carrying out such simulations is possible but very time-consuming. This article compared a variety of conventional load flow simulations such as the current iteration and Newton–Raphson methods and also introduced a novel, state-space based calculation approach, which boasts the potential of structurally increasing simulation speeds. Each of the method’s underlying principles, requirements, and mathematical correlations will be discussed and explained. In the second part of this article, the most important state-space equivalent circuit models of critical operating equipment are introduced. These models are essential for carrying out load flow simulation tests for an exemplary test network but could also be used for dynamic purposes. The previously showcased load flow methods were applied to a test network, with which the simulation methods should be validated. The results show that the state-space simulation has high accuracy while also being very flexible. All in all, the load flow calculation in state-space offers many advantages that could be an interesting alternative to conventional load flow simulations, especially for the analysis of complex, time series-based, and intelligently controlled smart grid power systems. In this context, the direct application of system theoretical methods for stability calculations, controllability, and dynamic system studies is to be mentioned. Optimisation options regarding the processes within the state-space calculation software still promise further significant increases in performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operation and Optimization of Renewable Energy Power System)
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22 pages, 1525 KiB  
Article
State-Space Load Flow Calculation of an Energy System with Sector-Coupling Technologies
by Sebastian Bottler and Christian Weindl
Energies 2023, 16(12), 4803; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124803 - 19 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1389
Abstract
This paper addresses the sector-coupling principle, highlights each associated sector’s technologies and showcases their future development, according to the German grid development plan. Furthermore, the research project ESM-Regio, and its goals in terms of simulatively analyzing the sector-coupling approach for a specific model [...] Read more.
This paper addresses the sector-coupling principle, highlights each associated sector’s technologies and showcases their future development, according to the German grid development plan. Furthermore, the research project ESM-Regio, and its goals in terms of simulatively analyzing the sector-coupling approach for a specific model region and future scenarios, is introduced. In this context, the key methods for modeling the electricity sector’s loading behavior are showcased. Most importantly, the state-space load flow calculation, load modeling (including the integration of the power demands of the sector-coupling technologies) and an assessment of grid operating equipment, based on thermal aging models, are described. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operation and Optimization of Renewable Energy Power System)
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