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Safety of Hydrogen Energy: Technologies and Applications

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A5: Hydrogen Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 6 March 2026 | Viewed by 2302

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
Interests: hydrogen energy safety and technologies; hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
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Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Safety of Hydrogen Energy Storage and Transportation Equipment for State Market Regulation, China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Institute, Beijing 100029, China
Interests: inspection & testing technology for hydrogen containers

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Guest Editor
College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: hydrogen storage equipment and safety

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the globe strongly values hydrogen energy in decarbonization and in meeting zero-emission objectives, the industry is growing fast and the market is expanding. Meanwhile, scientists, engineers, and producers must recognize the crucial challenges in hydrogen energy use, such as the safety of hydrogen energy equipment, hydrogen storage containers, and pro-hydrogen materials. In recent years, explosions caused by hydrogen leakage in countries like South Korea, the U.S., Norway, and China have indicated that hydrogen safety is still a critical and common challenge. Therefore, conducting hydrogen safety research is urgent and necessary. By offering an open and professional communication platform, this Special Issue on hydrogen safety aims to promote the discussion and communication of the latest and forefront ideas, technological innovations, and forecasts in themes and areas related to hydrogen safety. It expects articles focusing on the following seven themes.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Hydrogen leakage and fire explosion;
  2. Inspection and testing technology for hydrogen energy equipment;
  3. The hydrogen compatibility of materials;
  4. The safety of hydrogen storage cylinders;
  5. Sealing technology for hydrogen energy equipment;
  6. Hydrogen energy equipment design and manufacture;
  7. Hydrogen codes and standards.

Dr. Chilou Zhou
Dr. Xiang Li
Dr. Yang Du
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrogen
  • safety
  • leakage
  • explosion
  • risk
  • hydrogen damage
  • hydrogen equipment

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 8474 KB  
Article
Study on Ultrasonic Phased Array Inspection Method of Crack Defects in Butt Joints of Multi-Layered Steel Vessel for High-Pressure Hydrogen Storage
by Bo Deng, Zilong Wu, Rui Yan and Chilou Zhou
Energies 2025, 18(20), 5419; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18205419 (registering DOI) - 14 Oct 2025
Abstract
The full multilayer high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel plays an important role in hydrogen refueling stations. However, these vessels may fail after a certain period due to crack formation, necessitating periodic inspections. Among the various parts, the butt joints connecting the thick-walled nozzles and [...] Read more.
The full multilayer high-pressure hydrogen storage vessel plays an important role in hydrogen refueling stations. However, these vessels may fail after a certain period due to crack formation, necessitating periodic inspections. Among the various parts, the butt joints connecting the thick-walled nozzles and hemispherical heads represent critical and challenging areas for inspection. In this study, a one-shot multi-receiver defect detection and localization method is developed based on the ultrasonic phased array method. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, the interaction between the ultrasonic wave and the crack defects at the key position of the butt joint is analyzed based on finite element, enabling the accurate localization of crack tips; an experimental specimen was designed and fabricated, and a corresponding phased array detection test was conducted to validate the method. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety of Hydrogen Energy: Technologies and Applications)
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12 pages, 5447 KB  
Article
Quantitative Risk Assessment of Steam Reforming Process by Hydrogen Generator, Using PHAST Model
by Jongseok Lee, Hyunjun Kwak and Seungho Jung
Energies 2024, 17(22), 5704; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17225704 - 14 Nov 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1680
Abstract
This study applied a risk assessment technique to the steam reforming process in hydrogen production facilities to generate baseline data for preparing safety protocols in related workplaces. To this end, consequence analysis (CA) was conducted using DNV-PHAST v.8.9., focusing on the reforming process, [...] Read more.
This study applied a risk assessment technique to the steam reforming process in hydrogen production facilities to generate baseline data for preparing safety protocols in related workplaces. To this end, consequence analysis (CA) was conducted using DNV-PHAST v.8.9., focusing on the reforming process, which operates at the highest temperature and pressure among related processes. This study predicted jet fire damage resulting from the total failure of a 65 mm syngas pipe at the rear end of the reformer, with a projected flame length of up to 23.6 m based on a radiant heat of 5 kW/m2. As per the assessment, a vapor cloud explosion (VCE) caused damage of up to 42.6 m at an overpressure of 0.07 bar (1 psi), while a flash fire had an impact range of approximately 12.7 m based on hydrogen’s LFL (lower flammable limit). This quantitative risk assessment of the general steam reforming process provides valuable basic data for the design and operation of related facilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety of Hydrogen Energy: Technologies and Applications)
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