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Wireless Charging Technology and Energy Management for Electronic and Electric Devices

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 November 2024 | Viewed by 6240

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jiafeng Zhou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, UK
Interests: wireless power transfer; energy harvesting; RF devices; metamaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With more and more autonomous devices emerging in our daily life, such as self-driving cars, there is no reason why they still need to be recharged using wires with human involvement in the future. Wireless charging techniques have been rapidly developed over the last few years and are continuously evolving. For high-power applications, such as charging for electric vehicles, etc., improving efficiency and safety would be the priority. For mid-power applications, such as mobile phones and drones, flexibility and reliability would be the main considerations. For low-power applications, such as small sensors for the Internet of Things, it is important to receive or harvest sufficient energy for the operation of electronic devices.

The aim of this Special Issue is to report the latest theoretical, practical, and industrial progress on wireless charging for electric and electronic devices. The topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • High-power wireless charging technologies for electric vehicles, electric bikes, etc.;
  • Mid-power wireless charging technologies for robots, drones, mobile phones, etc.;
  • Low-power wireless charging or energy harvesting technologies for medical devices, IoT sensors, etc.;
  • Design of magnetic coils and capacitive plates for wireless power transfer;
  • Design of resonators for resonance-based wireless power transfer;
  • Design of AC/DC (RF/DC) converters and DC/AC (DC/RF) inverters;
  • Design of power management systems for wireless charging;
  • Health and safety of wireless charging, such as foreign object detection and electromagnetic compatibility issues;
  • Simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT).

Dr. Jiafeng Zhou
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wireless power transfer
  • wireless charging
  • energy harvesting
  • WPT
  • EH
  • near field
  • far field
  • coupling
  • rectenna
  • backscatter
  • converter
  • inverter
  • power management

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 4044 KiB  
Article
Multiple-Split Transmitting Coils for Stable Output Power in Wireless Power Transfer System with Variable Airgaps
by Youbin Jun, Jedok Kim, Sanguk Lee, Jaewon Rhee, Seongho Woo, Sungryul Huh, Changmin Lee, Seunghun Ryu, Hyunsoo Lee and Seungyoung Ahn
Energies 2024, 17(16), 4025; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164025 - 14 Aug 2024
Viewed by 406
Abstract
In this paper, a tunable multi-split transmitting (TX) coil for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system that accommodates a wide range of distances between the TX and receiving (RX) coils is proposed. This method enables the WPT system to maintain a stable and [...] Read more.
In this paper, a tunable multi-split transmitting (TX) coil for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system that accommodates a wide range of distances between the TX and receiving (RX) coils is proposed. This method enables the WPT system to maintain a stable and consistent output power supply to the load, regardless of variations in coupling coefficients caused by changes in the distance between the TX and RX coils. The tunable multi-split TX coil can operate in various modes depending on how the wire connections between each TX coil are configured. This approach adjusts the inductance value of the TX coil for different conditions, using the same amount of coil as a conventional single-loop TX coil. The results show that by adjusting the TX coil to three different modes as the airgap varies from 50 mm to 250 mm, consistent output power is achieved with smaller variations in the input current and voltage compared to those in a conventional system. A conventional system requires an input voltage increase of approximately 529.64%, while the proposed system requires only a 42.93% increase. The proposed system enhances the power transfer capacity of the WPT system, particularly when operating in an over-coupling state. This approach provides a stable output power supply with a standardized and simplified TX coil structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Charging Technology and Energy Management for Electronic and Electric Devices)
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16 pages, 3930 KiB  
Article
Selection of Ferrite Depending on Permeability and Weight to Enhance Power Transfer Efficiency in Low-Power Wireless Power Transfer Systems
by Jaewon Rhee, Seongho Woo, Changmin Lee and Seungyoung Ahn
Energies 2024, 17(15), 3816; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153816 - 2 Aug 2024
Viewed by 430
Abstract
With advancements in the field of electrical engineering, various low-power portable electronic devices have been commercialized. To eliminate and unify different types of cables, inductive wireless power transfer (WPT) technology, which uses magnetic fields to transfer energy, is being applied in numerous applications. [...] Read more.
With advancements in the field of electrical engineering, various low-power portable electronic devices have been commercialized. To eliminate and unify different types of cables, inductive wireless power transfer (WPT) technology, which uses magnetic fields to transfer energy, is being applied in numerous applications. Low-power devices typically have small coils and loads, leading to low power transfer efficiency even over short distances. Magnetic materials such as ferrites are used to improve power transfer efficiency (PTE). It is well known that high-permeability ferrites with low magnetic reluctance are ideal for achieving strong magnetic coupling. However, continuous increases in permeability raise the cost and weight of the ferrite, making it necessary to select ferrites with appropriate permeability from a mass-production perspective. This paper models and analyzes the changes in mutual inductance and power transfer efficiency with varying ferrite permeabilities using magnetic circuits, providing guidelines for the selection of suitable ferrites considering efficiency improvements. The proposed method is validated through 3D electromagnetic simulations and experiments, showing a power transfer efficiency difference of up to 0.6% between the experimental and calculated results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Charging Technology and Energy Management for Electronic and Electric Devices)
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12 pages, 3302 KiB  
Article
Dual-Module Ultrawide Dynamic-Range High-Power Rectifier for WPT Systems
by Xiaochen Yu, Jinyao Zhang, Minzhang Liu, Xiantao Yang, Yi Huang, Ta-Jen Yen and Jiafeng Zhou
Energies 2024, 17(11), 2707; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112707 - 3 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1215
Abstract
Rectifier plays a pivotal role in wireless power transfer systems. While numerous studies have concentrated on enhancing efficiency and bandwidth at specific high-power levels, practical scenarios often involve unpredictable power inputs. Consequently, a distinct need arises for a rectifier that demonstrates superior efficiency [...] Read more.
Rectifier plays a pivotal role in wireless power transfer systems. While numerous studies have concentrated on enhancing efficiency and bandwidth at specific high-power levels, practical scenarios often involve unpredictable power inputs. Consequently, a distinct need arises for a rectifier that demonstrates superior efficiency across a broad range of input power levels. This paper introduces a high-power RF-to-DC rectifier designed for WPT applications, featuring an ultrawide dynamic range of input power. The rectification process leverages a GaN (gallium nitride) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) to efficiently handle high power levels up to 12.6 W. The matching circuit was designed to ensure that the rectifier will operate in class-F mode. A Schottky diode is incorporated into the design for relatively lower-power rectification. Seamless switching between the rectification modes of the two circuits is accomplished through the integration of a circulator. The proposed rectifier exhibits a 27.5 dB dynamic range, achieving an efficiency exceeding 55% at 2.4 GHz. Substantial improvement in power handling and dynamic range over traditional rectifiers is demonstrated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Charging Technology and Energy Management for Electronic and Electric Devices)
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18 pages, 9361 KiB  
Article
Design and Analysis of a Step-Up Multi-Port Converter Applicable for Energy Conversion in Photovoltaic Battery Systems
by Siyuan Shi, Song Xu, Wei Jiang and Seiji Hashimoto
Energies 2024, 17(1), 223; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17010223 - 31 Dec 2023
Viewed by 974
Abstract
Aiming at the problems of large power fluctuations and poor stability in photovoltaic and other new energy power generation systems, a step-up multiport converter (MPC) that can simultaneously connect low-voltage photovoltaic cells, batteries, and loads (independent loads or power grids) is proposed in [...] Read more.
Aiming at the problems of large power fluctuations and poor stability in photovoltaic and other new energy power generation systems, a step-up multiport converter (MPC) that can simultaneously connect low-voltage photovoltaic cells, batteries, and loads (independent loads or power grids) is proposed in this manuscript. According to the possible operating conditions of the system, the working principles are described in detail. Theoretical analysis based on different working modes is presented and a hybrid modulation control method including pulse width modulation (PWM) and phase shift modulation (PSM) are applied to realize energy transmission between photovoltaics, batteries, and power grids. A simulation model is built in the PSIM environment to validate each working state of the system and mode switching function. Experiments are carried out on an experimental platform using the dsPIC33FJ64GS606 digital microcontroller as the control center, and the experimental results successfully verify the system function and PWM + PSM control efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Charging Technology and Energy Management for Electronic and Electric Devices)
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22 pages, 4174 KiB  
Article
Estimation of the Influence of the Coil Resistance on the Power and Efficiency of the WPT System
by Jacek Maciej Stankiewicz
Energies 2023, 16(17), 6210; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176210 - 26 Aug 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1365
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an analysis of a low-power Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system. The system consists of periodically distributed planar spiral coils that form the transmitting and receiving planes. An analytical and numerical analysis of the WPT system, over the [...] Read more.
This paper presents the results of an analysis of a low-power Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system. The system consists of periodically distributed planar spiral coils that form the transmitting and receiving planes. An analytical and numerical analysis of the WPT system, over the frequency range from 100 to 1000 kHz, was carried out. A simpler and faster solution is the proposed use of an equivalent circuit represented by a single WPT cell. The influence of coil resistance changes on the power and efficiency of the WPT system was studied. This was obtained by changing the diameter of the wire from which the coils were wound. In addition, the size of the coil, the number of turns, and the distance between the two planes have changed. After a detailed analysis, the results showed that the highest efficiency values were obtained for a wire diameter of 200 μm, which means the lowest coil resistance. However, the lowest efficiency values were obtained for the smallest wire diameter, i.e., 100 µm, which means the highest coil resistance. In this case, the efficiency decreased by more than 40%. Based on the calculation results, it was also shown that it was better to accept the skin effect (efficiency decreased below 7%) than to reduce the wire diameter to eliminate it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Charging Technology and Energy Management for Electronic and Electric Devices)
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17 pages, 3101 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Simultaneous WPT in Ultra-Low-Power Systems with Multiple Resonating Planar Coils
by Jacek Maciej Stankiewicz, Adam Steckiewicz and Agnieszka Choroszucho
Energies 2023, 16(12), 4597; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124597 - 8 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1062
Abstract
This paper analyses the conceptual application of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system with multiple resonators supplying outdoor sensors using a mobile charger. The solution is based on the idea of using sensors, located in open space, to monitor environmental parameters. Instead of [...] Read more.
This paper analyses the conceptual application of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system with multiple resonators supplying outdoor sensors using a mobile charger. The solution is based on the idea of using sensors, located in open space, to monitor environmental parameters. Instead of the typical two-coil WPT with a single charger, energy transfer is realized simultaneously, using a group of identical planar coils as transmitters and receivers connected to the independent power supply circuits of each sensor and microcontroller. By isolating these charged circuits, a higher reliability and powering flexibility of the weather station can be achieved. The concept of the proposed system was discussed, and it was proposed to include the main devices in it. A theoretical analysis was performed considering all mutual couplings and the skin effect; hence, the system is characterized by a matrix equation and sufficient formulae are given. The calculations were verified experimentally for different frequencies, two possible distances between the transmitters and receivers, and equivalent loads. Both the efficiency and load power are compared and discussed, showing that this solution can provide power to ultra-low-power devices, yet the efficiency must still be improved. At the small distance between the transmitting and receiving coils (5 mm), the maximum efficiency value was about 40%, with a load resistance of 10 Ω. By doubling the distance between the coils, the efficiency of the WPT system decreased by three times. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Charging Technology and Energy Management for Electronic and Electric Devices)
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