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Design Optimization and Performance Analysis of Combined Heat and Power

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 19472

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Prof. Dr. Man-Hoe Kim

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Guest Editor

School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
Interests: design optimization; combined heat and power; renewable energy; supercritical CO₂ cycle; alternative refrigerants; vapor compression cycle; thermal system; heat exchanger; organic Rankine cycle
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aims and topics of this Energies Special Issue on “Design Optimization and Performance Analysis of Combined Heat and Power” cover all fundamental and practical aspects of combined heat and power, including performance analysis, optimization, working fluids, processes, and applications. More specifically, some of the topics of interest are:

Performance analysis and optimization of cogeneration systems;
Combined heat pump and Rankine cycle;
Biomass fired cogeneration systems using Rankine technology;
Solar heat conversion using a Rankine cycle to power and heat energy;
Cogeneration systems in waste heat recovery applications;
Combined heat and power based on micro-gas turbine, power cycles, and refrigeration cycles.

Prof. Dr. Man-Hoe Kim
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Combined heat and power
Working fluids
Rankine cycle
Vapor compression cycle
Design optimization
Performance analysis

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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28 pages, 35402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Supercritical CO₂ Cycle Using Zigzag Channel Pre-Cooler: A Design Optimization Study Based on Deep Neural Network

by Muhammed Saeed, Abdallah S. Berrouk, Munendra Pal Singh, Khaled Alawadhi and Muhammad Salman Siddiqui

Energies 2021, 14(19), 6227; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196227 - 30 Sep 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3232

Abstract

The role of a pre-cooler is critical to the sCO₂-BC as it not only acts as a sink but also controls the conditions at the main compressor’s inlet that are vital to the cycle’s overall performance. Despite their prime importance, studies on the pre-cooler’s design are hard to find in the literature. This is partly due to the unavailability of data around the complex thermohydraulic characteristics linked with their operation close to the critical point. Henceforth, the current work deals with designing and optimizing pre-cooler by utilizing machine learning (ML), an in-house recuperator and pre-cooler design, an analysis code (RPDAC), and a cycle design point code (CDPC). Initially, data computed using 3D Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equation is used to train the machine learning (ML) model based on the deep neural network (DNN) to predict Nusselt number (

N u

) and friction factor (

f

). The trained ML model is then used in the pre-cooler design and optimization code (RPDAC) to generate various designs of the pre-cooler. Later, RPDAC was linked with the cycle design point code (CDPC) to understand the impact of various designs of the pre-cooler on the cycle’s performance. Finally, a multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to optimize the pre-cooler geometry in the environment of the power cycle. Results suggest that the trained ML model can approximate 99% of the data with 90% certainty in the pre-cooler’s operating regime. Cycle simulation results suggest that the cycle’s performance calculation can be misleading without considering the pre-cooler’s pumping power. Moreover, the optimization study indicates that the compressor’s inlet temperature ranging from 307.5 to 308.5 and pre-cooler channel’s Reynolds number ranging from 28,000 to 30,000 would be a good compromise between the cycle’s efficiency and the pre-cooler’s size. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Optimization and Performance Analysis of Combined Heat and Power)

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24 pages, 7887 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimization Tool for the Strategic Outline and Sizing of District Heating Networks Using a Geographic Information System

by Thibaut Résimont, Quentin Louveaux and Pierre Dewallef

Energies 2021, 14(17), 5575; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175575 - 6 Sep 2021

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2310

Abstract

The implementation of district heating networks into cities is a main topic in policy planning that looks for sustainable solutions to reduce CO₂ emissions. However, their development into cities is generally limited by a high initial investment cost. The development of optimization methods intended to draft efficient systems using heating consumption profiles into a prescribed geographic area are useful in this purpose. Such tools are already referred to in the scientific literature, yet they are often restricted to limit the computational load. To bridge this gap, the present contribution proposes a multi-period mixed integer linear programming model for the optimal outline and sizing of a district heating network maximizing the net cash flow based on a geographic information system. This methodology targets a large range of problem sizes from small-scale to large-scale heating networks while guaranteeing numerical robustness. For sake of simplicity, the developed model is first applied to a scaled down case study with 3 available heating sources and a neighborhood of 16 streets. The full-scale model is presented afterwards to demonstrate the applicability of the tool for city-scale heating networks with around 2000 streets to potentially connect within a reasonable computational time of around only one hour. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Optimization and Performance Analysis of Combined Heat and Power)

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24 pages, 5900 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of a District Trigeneration Biomass Powered Double Organic Rankine Cycle as Primed Mover and Supported Cooling

by Muhammad Tauseef Nasir, Michael Chukwuemeka Ekwonu, Yoonseong Park, Javad Abolfazli Esfahani and Kyung Chun Kim

Energies 2021, 14(4), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041030 - 16 Feb 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2310

Abstract

This study presents a combined cooling, heating, and power system powered by biogas, suitable for small scale communities in remote locations. To run such a system, in order to obtain the daily life essentials of electricity, hot water, and cooling, municipal waste can be considered as an option. Furthermore, the organic Rankine cycle part of the organic Rankine cycle powered vapor compression chiller can be used in times of need for additional electric production. The system comprises a medium temperature organic Rankine cycle utilizing M-xylene as its working fluid, and the cooling was covered by an Isobutane vapor compression cycle powered by an R245fa employing organic Rankine cycle. The system analyzed was designated to provide 250 kW of electricity. The energetic and exergetic analysis was performed, considering several system design parameters. The impact of the design parameters in the prime mover has a much greater effect on the whole system. The system proposed can deliver cooling values at the rate between 9.19 and 22 kW and heating values ranging from 879 up to 1255 kW, depending on the design parameter. Furthermore, the second law efficiency of the system was found to be approximately 56% at the baseline conditions and can be increased to 64.5%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Optimization and Performance Analysis of Combined Heat and Power)

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18 pages, 4583 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Thermoelectric Generator System for Waste Heat Recovery from a Billet Casting Process: Experimental and Numerical Analysis

by Saurabh Yadav, Jie Liu, Man Sik Kong, Young Gyoon Yoon and Sung Chul Kim

Energies 2021, 14(3), 601; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14030601 - 25 Jan 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2997

Abstract

In this study, experiments were performed to use the waste heat in a billet casting industry utilizing bismuth telluride thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Four d-type absorber plates made of copper were installed above the manufactured billet during the cooling process. Three sides of each absorber plate were attached to thermoelectric units. Therefore, a total of 12 units of the thermoelectric system were found to generate a power of 339 W. The power density of the TEG system was found to be 981 W/m² while running the system at the operating voltage of the battery energy storage system (58 V). A one-dimensional numerical simulation was carried out using FloMASTER^TM v9.1 (Mentor Graphics Corporation, Siemens, Dallas, TX, USA) to verify the experimental results, and the numerical results were found to exhibit good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, a one-dimensional numerical simulation was carried out to obtain the heat transfer characteristics at varying flow rates of cold water (Reynolds number = 2540–16,943) and at different inlet temperatures (10–25 °C) for the cold side of the TEG. The results indicate that the performance of the thermoelectric generator increases with an increase in the cold-water flow rate and a decrease in the inlet temperature of the cold water. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Optimization and Performance Analysis of Combined Heat and Power)

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13 pages, 4075 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Thermodynamic Study of a Combined Power and Refrigeration System for Low-Grade Heat Energy Source

by Saboora Khatoon, Nasser Mohammed A. Almefreji and Man-Hoe Kim

Energies 2021, 14(2), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14020410 - 13 Jan 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3636

Abstract

This study focuses on the thermal performance analysis of an organic Rankine cycle powered vapor compression refrigeration cycle for a set of working fluids for each cycle, also known as a dual fluid system. Both cycles are coupled using a common shaft to maintain a constant transmission ratio of one. Eight working fluids have been studied for the vapor compression refrigeration cycle, and a total of sixty-four combinations of working fluids have been analyzed for the dual fluid combined cycle system. The analysis has been performed to achieve a temperature of −16 °C for a set of condenser temperatures 34 °C, 36 °C, 38 °C, and 40 °C. For the desired temperature in the refrigeration cycle, the required work input, mass flow rate, and heat input for the organic Rankine cycle were determined systematically. Based on the manifestation of performance criteria, three working fluids (R123, R134a, and R245fa) were chosen for the refrigeration cycle and two (Propane and R245fa) were picked for the organic Rankine cycle. Further, a combination of R123 in the refrigeration cycle with propane in the Rankine cycle was scrutinized for their highest efficiency value of 16.48% with the corresponding highest coefficient of performance value of 2.85 at 40 °C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Optimization and Performance Analysis of Combined Heat and Power)

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Review

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19 pages, 8387 KiB

Open AccessReview

Sediment and Cavitation Erosion in Francis Turbines—Review of Latest Experimental and Numerical Techniques

by Adnan Aslam Noon and Man-Hoe Kim

Energies 2021, 14(6), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061516 - 10 Mar 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3792

Abstract

Sediment and cavitation erosion of the hydroelectric power turbine components are the fundamental problems in the rivers of Himalayas and Andes. In the present work, the latest research conducted in both the fields by various investigators and researchers are discussed and critically analyzed at different turbine components. Analysis shows that both types of erosion depends on flow characteristics, surface, and erodent material properties. Design optimization tools, coalesced effect (CE) of sediment and cavitation erosion and well conducted experiments will yield results that are beneficial for erosion identification and reduction. Although some researchers have done experimental work on the coalesced effect (CE) of sediment and cavitation erosion, very limited Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) work is available in literature. The present research work will be beneficial for practitioners and researchers in the future to address the erosion problem successfully. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design Optimization and Performance Analysis of Combined Heat and Power)

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