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Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F3: Power Electronics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (11 July 2023) | Viewed by 19207

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jagabar Sathik Mohammed

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Guest Editor

Renewable Energy Lab, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
Interests: modeling and designing new power converter topologies (multilevel inverters, grid-connected inverters, and high gain DC/DC converters); fault-tolerant structure and reliability analysis for renewable energy source applications

Dr. Yam P. Siwakoti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: power electronics; renewable energy systems; Gate-driving system of power semiconductor devices; Power electronics converter design and control

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Renewable energy sources (RESs) (PV, wind, fuel cell, etc.) with grid integration are strong candidates for meeting current and future electricity demand. Power converters play a significant role in integrating renewable energy sources with the grid, and this is one of the emerging research areas of power electronics researchers. Developing a new topology of DC/DC and DC/AC power converters to minimize the production cost, high power density, high efficiency, and high reliability is the researchers’ ultimate goal. Other aims include introducing a new modulation strategy, reducing inrush current, minimizing the leakage current fault-tolerant structure, and developing novel maximum power point tracking algorithms to improve the performance of power converters and grid-tied RES system. This Special Issue aims to develop highly efficient power converters (DC/DC and DC/AC ) with low cost and novel modulation techniques to improve the power quality.

The topics of this Special Issue include but are not limited to:

Development of novel, highly efficient power converter topologies (DC/DC and DC/AC power conversion) for RES;
Power converter reliability enhancement: fault tolerance, elimination of leakage current, soft charging for switched-capacitor topologies;
Modeling techniques of renewable energy sources;
Maximum power point tracking algorithms;
Recent trends of grid-synchronization strategies for RES systems;
Harmonics and harmonic stability in renewable-based power plants;
Hybrid storage integration for RESs;
Novel modulation techniques to improve power quality;
Machine learning techniques for the integration of renewable energies;
Integrating renewable energy sources into the smart power grid for a sustainable environment;
Design for reliability; low-cost power electronics.

Dr. Jagabar Sathik Mohammed
Dr. Yam Siwakoti
Guest Editors

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Keywords

photovoltaic system
wind turbine
fuel cell
renewable energy sources
integration of RES
hybrid sources
grid-tied
power converters
inverters
micro-inverters
modulation techniques
modeling and control
MPPT
fault-tolerant
energy storage
reliability of power converters
power quality
leakage current minimization

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 10987 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Single-Stage, Multi-Port Hybrid Power Converter Integrating PV and Wind Sources for a Standalone DC System

by Anvit Khare and Karthikeyan Anabalagan

Energies 2023, 16(17), 6305; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16176305 - 30 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 938

Abstract

In this paper, a hybrid PV–wind-source- based multi-port converter focused on a standalone DC system is proposed. The proposed configuration is able to perform simultaneous three-phase AC–DC conversion and DC–DC conversion, ensuring simultaneous power extraction from these combined sources. The proposed converter is a single-stage converter that enhances dependability and eliminates redundant conversion stages with regard to the earlier configurations for the hybrid PV–wind sources. The operational aspects of the proposed converter are depicted, illustrating the regulation of load voltage and load power because of the dynamic output capability of PV–wind sources. Furthermore, the comprehensive control architecture to govern the concurrent conversion operations with the generation of three-phase modulating signals and duty ratio signal in accordance with the load voltage control is elaborated. Additionally, the modified sinusoidal PWM scheme for the proposed converter is elaborated, showing the unification of three-phase modulating signals and duty ratio signal for the generation of PWM pulses which facilitates the simultaneous power conversion processes. Finally, to validate the suitability of the proposed converter, the performance of the converter under various scenarios is investigated through simulation and experimental case studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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17 pages, 5171 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Analysis of Interleaved High-Gain Bi-Directional DC–DC Converter for Microgrid Application Integrated with Photovoltaic Systems

by Purushothaman Serukkur Kulasekaran and Sattianadan Dasarathan

Energies 2023, 16(13), 5135; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135135 - 3 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1352

Abstract

Solar photovoltaic (PV) connection with the grid becomes more prevalent in distributed generation, and the DC grid contributes a significantly to the distributing system. The current study focuses on combining rooftop solar with the DC microgrid. A high-gain DC–DC converter for photovoltaic systems (HGBC-PVS) is proposed in this article to link two lower-voltage photovoltaic panels to a higher-voltage network. The designed converter with low-rating switches generates improved values of voltage gain and efficiency. To gain the most power out of solar modules, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is used, which employs the Adaptive Incremental Conductance approach. It extracts the maximum power, thereby facilitating efficient converter operation and generating optimal outputs. The simulation outcomes in terms of voltage, inductor current, output efficiency, and voltage gain are computed, and the outcomes show the significance of the introduced topology. The efficacy of the introduced work is proved by the comparison of measured outputs with the computed outputs for various parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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20 pages, 6813 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Triple Boost Seven-Level Common Ground Transformerless Inverter Topology for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Applications

by Narayanan Pandurangan Gopinath, Krishnasamy Vijayakumar, Jagabar Sathik Mohd Ali, Kumutha Raghupathi and Sivakumar Selvam

Energies 2023, 16(8), 3428; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083428 - 13 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1300

Abstract

This article proposes a single-stage, seven-level (7L), switched-capacitor-based grid-connected inverter architecture with a common ground feature. This topology has the ability to boost the output voltage up to three times the input voltage. The proposed topology can diminish the leakage current in grid-connected photovoltaic (GC-PV) applications, and its capacitor voltages are self-balanced without any additional control strategies. The different operating modes are described in detail with their related mathematical expressions. The design of passive components and a detailed power loss analysis are presented. The merits of the proposed structure are demonstrated using a detailed comparative assessment. The grid-connected operation of the proposed inverter structure is simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the results are presented. The laboratory prototype of 935 W is built and analyzed to validate the performance of the proposed structure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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14 pages, 31248 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Generalized Switched-Capacitor Multilevel Inverter Topology with Voltage Boosting Ability and Reduced Inrush Current

by Vishal Anand, Varsha Singh, M. Jagabar Sathik and Dhafer Almakhles

Energies 2022, 15(23), 9158; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239158 - 2 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1435

Abstract

This article presents a novel quadruple boost inverter (QBI) with an integrated boost stage that comprises an inductor, a capacitor, a switch, and an input source. The inductor on the input side limits the inrush current and also the capacitor charging current ripples. The QBI topology comprises a dc source, an input inductor, nine switches, three diodes, and capacitors. This produces a nine-level waveform, which reduces the need for additional filters such as inductors and capacitors. The proposed QBI is elementary, compact, and needs fewer components than existing nine levels inverter. Compared to the typical triangular carrier-based sinusoidal pulse width modulation, the newly developed parabolic level-shifted carrier has a much greater RMS value. Another advantage of the proposed topology is extension for generating higher voltage levels without increment in the blocking voltage across the switches. This makes the topology ideal for medium voltage high power applications. The output voltage has been determined in terms of selection, sizing, and expression. The proposed QBI is compared to existing similar nine-level inverters in order to assess its efficacy. The experiment is performed on a laboratory prototype to state the practical feasibility of QBI topology for the inductive load, variation in input, load, and modulation index. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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14 pages, 7103 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Research on a Wide-Output Resonant Converter with Multi-Mode Switching

by Yu Gu, Xiaofeng Zhang, Bingyang Wang, Zhangwen Jia and Anshou Li

Energies 2022, 15(18), 6754; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186754 - 15 Sep 2022

Viewed by 1061

Abstract

In this article, a resonant converter based on a series-parallel self-adjusting rectifier structure is proposed. By changing the driving signal of the switch, the converter has four working modes: full-bridge structure frequency modulation control, full-bridge structure phase-shift control, half-bridge structure frequency modulation control and half-bridge structure phase-shift control. The newly proposed resonant converter retains the soft switching characteristics of the LLC resonant converter and the mode switching can be completed only through software control without adding additional switches. Different modes correspond to different gain ranges. By changing the control strategy of the modes, the newly proposed converter can meet the design requirements of wide output. Finally, an experimental prototype with an input voltage of 25 V and an output voltage of 9 V to 35 V is built. The experimental results prove the correctness of the wide output characteristics of the converter proposed in the article and, in the four operating modes, it can realize zero-voltage turn-on of the active switch on the primary side and zero-current turn-off of the rectifier diode on the secondary side, which preserves the high efficiency of the resonant converter. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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23 pages, 14928 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling and Design of Split-Pi Converter

by Geethanjali Subramaniyan, Vijayakumar Krishnasamy and Jagabar Sathik Mohammed

Energies 2022, 15(15), 5690; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155690 - 5 Aug 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1614

Abstract

High-power bidirectional dc–dc converters are being widely employed in renewable energy interfacing, energy storage, electric vehicle charging, military, aerospace, and marine applications. Among various bidirectional topologies documented in the literature for dc–dc power conversion, the split-pi converter invites special attention with regard to applications involving multi-phase systems requiring high-power density. This paper endeavors to present the small-signal modeling of the split-pi converter in its various operating modes. Subsequently, the dynamic characteristics of the converter are studied, and appropriate control design is presented for stable operation of the converter. Frequency response plots are illustrated, and a hardware prototype model of the converter is designed and implemented. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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16 pages, 5191 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modulation and Control Strategy of 3CH4 Combined Current Source Grid-Connected Inverter

by Pengcheng Li, Liming Huo, Yingjun Guo, Guoqing An, Xiaoqiang Guo, Zheng Li and Hexu Sun

Energies 2022, 15(12), 4219; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15124219 - 8 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1369

Abstract

In this article, a topology based on the single-phase full-bridge is proposed to decouple control of phase current in current source grid-connected inverters. The DC side of this current source inverter topology can operate with a common DC bus or independently, and the AC side can be independently integrated into the three-phase grid or operate in parallel. This topology needs only a simple control logic and phase information to achieve 3-phase current decoupling control, which can accommodate a wide range of voltage fluctuations. Then, dual-carrier driving and hybrid damping correction strategies are designed to achieve flexible combinatorial operation and eliminate the common-mode voltage. Meanwhile, the method is simple and easy to implement in practice. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated with experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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15 pages, 5192 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Compact Thirteen-Level Inverter for PV Applications

by Arumbu Venkadasamy Prathaban, Karthikeyan Dhandapani and Ahamed Ibrahim Soni Abubakar

Energies 2022, 15(8), 2808; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15082808 - 12 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1480

Abstract

In renewable energy source applications, multilevel inverters with lower power components have become more popular in recent decades. This work exhibits a novel topology for high-quality output in PV applications, along with low-power switches and isolated dc sources. The core module of the suggested design may create a 13-level output waveform with two unequal voltage source values. The cascaded structure is intended to boost the voltage levels, and the related parameters are obtained analytically. The even and odd levels of voltage can be created natively without the usage of an additional H bridge circuit. Furthermore, the switches, gate driver circuits, dc sources, and standing voltage are fewer in number when compared to other recent topologies. Power losses and cost comparisons are calculated and given in monetary terms. This new research supports the idea that nearest level control (NLC) is used as a modulation scheme in the simulation modeling and experimental validation of the proposed topology. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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22 pages, 7042 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Smart Fault-Tackling Strategy Based on PFTE for AC Three-Phase-to-Ground Faults in the Multi-Terminal HVDC Wind Power Integration System: Further Foundings

by Chuan Du, Qingzhi Zhang and Shuai Cao

Energies 2022, 15(3), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030768 - 21 Jan 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1192

Abstract

This paper describes a smart fault tackling strategy based on power flow transfer entropy (PFTE) for AC three-phase-to-ground (TPG) faults in the multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) wind power integration system. The fault characteristics and transient energy transfer of different positions and properties are analyzed. Then, a double integral discrimination method based on PFTE is proposed to further distinguish the fault property. Considering the power flow balance, an adaptive coordination strategy of wind farms and energy dissipation resistors is proposed to deal with different AC faults. Finally, a smart fault-tackling strategy based on PFTE for AC three-phase-to-ground (TPG) faults in the MTDC wind power integration system is proposed. Under the proposed smart fault-tackling strategy, the MTDC wind power integration system achieves uninterrupted operation during any AC TPG fault at the receiving end. The experiment results confirm the applicability of the proposed fault-tackling strategy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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16 pages, 9045 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Power Distribution Control Framework for Renewable Energy Architecture with Battery-Supercapacitor Based Hybrid Energy Storage Systems

by Weiyue Huo, Jihong Zhu and Jing Zhou

Energies 2021, 14(24), 8312; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248312 - 10 Dec 2021

Viewed by 1970

Abstract

Due to the intermittence and randomness of the renewable energy, hybrid energy storage system is widely adopted to suppress the power fluctuation. Power distribution is crucial for the robust and efficient operation of hybrid energy system. This paper proposes an innovative framework for hybrid energy storage system power distribution combining main circuit topology, modulation method and power distribution strategy. Firstly, hybrid modulation strategy to realize power distribution in a single-phase inverter is introduced. Then, power load prediction and low frequency filter are utilized to generate references for power distribution. Finally, the simulation model is established to test the framework and the result demonstrates the superiority of the proposed framework. The mean absolute percent error of the proposed SSA-LSTM mdoel is 0.0955 and the prediciton error by 40% compared with conventional LSTM model. Additionally, the energy management framework can adjust the port power distribution ratio flexibily to significantly suppress the power fluctuation of the grid and the operation cost of the hybrid energy storage system by reducing the charge and discharge cycle of the battery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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Review

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25 pages, 3702 KiB

Open AccessReview

Comprehensive Study on Reduced DC Source Count: Multilevel Inverters and Its Design Topologies

by Kommoju Naga Durga Veera Sai Eswar, Mohan Arun Noyal Doss, Pradeep Vishnuram, Ali Selim, Mohit Bajaj, Hossam Kotb and Salah Kamel

Energies 2023, 16(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16010018 - 20 Dec 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2332

Abstract

Due to cutting-edge innovations in industry and academia, research is more centered around multilevel inverters (MLIs), which play a significant role in different high/medium voltage and high-power applications when contrasted with traditional inverters. Relative analysis of the reduced DC source count and switch inverter topologies highlight its significant benefits, which include control complexity, switch count, source count, reliability, efficiency, cost, voltage stress, total harmonic distortion (THD), and power quality. When switched-capacitor technology is deployed, it is seen that with the assistance of 14 switches, a 53 level result is accomplished, and the THD is just around 1.41%, which is kept up with as per the IEEE 519-2014 norms. Whenever cascaded MLI topology is employed, the inversion efficiency is more prominent, and is about 99.06%. Hence, this review focuses on a few of the late-evolved MLIs utilized, and the benefits and drawbacks for different topologies are examined. To assist with current modern research in this field and the decision of the proper inverter for various applications, a novel topology of an MLI can be planned later on. Different setups of MLIs have been exhaustively covered and reviewed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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12 pages, 11576 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

A Compact Five-Level Single-Stage Boost Inverter

by Jagabar Sathik Mohamed Ali and Dhafer Almakhles

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1181; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031181 - 20 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1665

Abstract

This article presents a single-stage five-level boost inverter (5L-SBI) topology with reduced power components. The proposed topology falls under the self-balanced switch-capacitors (SCs) type and combines both a DC/DC boost converter and inverter with a switched-capacitor cell. The advantages of proposed topologies include the following: the number of switch counts is reduced, the maximum voltage gain is two times higher than the input voltage, and the capacitor’s charging current is suppressed. Further, the proposed topology cascaded, and three-phase extensions are presented. To attest, the advantages of the proposed topology are thoroughly compared with other recent SCI topologies. The proposed topology is verified under dynamic loading conditions, and the results are presented, considering a 600 W laboratory prototype model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modeling, Topologies, and Modulation Techniques of Power Converters (DC/DC and DC/AC) for the Grid-Integration with Renewable Energy Sources)

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