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Energies
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Offshore Floating Wind Farms
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Offshore Floating Wind Farms

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A3: Wind, Wave and Tidal Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 8284

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Haixiao Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
Interests: offshore wind energy; very large modular floating structures for wind farm applications; full-field wake velocity analyses for a large wind farm; deepwater mooring techniques; production and transportation techniques of submarine mineral deposits

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are planning a Special Issue for the journal Energies with the title of “offshore floating wind farms”. This issue covers a broad range of topics relevant to an offshore floating wind farm. Any interesting topics that are meaningful to the design, analysis, installation and operation of an offshore floating wind farm are welcome and encouraged to be prepared as a paper for this Special Issue. Several topics include (but not limited to): the site determination, the design and optimization of a wind farm, the power evaluation, the wind velocity distribution and wake effects, the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic analyses, the novel type of a large floating structure for wind farm applications, and the CFD modelling of a large wind farm. However, topics that only involve a single wind turbine are inappropriate for this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Haixiao Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • offshore
  • floating
  • wind turbine
  • wind farm
  • site
  • power
  • optimization
  • wind velocity
  • wake
  • modelling
  • aerodynamic
  • hydrodynamic
  • installation
  • operation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 6911 KiB  
Article
Hydrodynamic Investigation on Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Platform Integrated with Porous Shell
by Yisheng Yao, Dezhi Ning, Sijia Deng, Robert Mayon and Ming Qin
Energies 2023, 16(11), 4376; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16114376 - 28 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1526
Abstract
As the siting of wind turbines increasingly transitions from shallow water to offshore deep-water locations, improving the platform stability of floating offshore wind turbines is becoming a growing concern. By coupling a porous shell commonly used in traditional marine structures, with a FOWT [...] Read more.
As the siting of wind turbines increasingly transitions from shallow water to offshore deep-water locations, improving the platform stability of floating offshore wind turbines is becoming a growing concern. By coupling a porous shell commonly used in traditional marine structures, with a FOWT (floating wind turbine platform), a new spar-buoy with a porous shell was designed. A numerical model investigating the coupling effect of the aero-hydro-mooring system is developed, and the results of the motion response are compared with the OC3-Hywind spar. The motion response of the two platforms was simulated in the time-domain with the incident wave period varied in the range of 5~22 s. The exciting wave force with added mass and radiation damping of the spar with the porous shell is compared with the OC3-Hywind spar. The results demonstrate that the motion response amplitude of the spar with the porous shell decreases in all three main motion freedoms (i.e., surge, heave and pitch, etc.), among which the heave motions are most significantly attenuated. The study shows that the coupling of porous shells with a floating platform to achieve the reduced motion responses is feasible and can be an innovative structure for the development of deep-sea offshore floating wind turbines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Offshore Floating Wind Farms)
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21 pages, 3951 KiB  
Article
Numerical Prediction on the Dynamic Response of a Helical Floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Based on an Aero-Hydro-Mooring-Control Coupled Model
by Yan Li, Liqin Liu, Ying Guo and Wanru Deng
Energies 2022, 15(10), 3726; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103726 - 19 May 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1831
Abstract
Considering the aero-hydro-mooring-control coupled performance of a floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), the numerical model of the floating helical VAWT system is established, and the fully coupled simulation program of the floating helical VAWT is developed. The aerodynamic load of the wind [...] Read more.
Considering the aero-hydro-mooring-control coupled performance of a floating Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT), the numerical model of the floating helical VAWT system is established, and the fully coupled simulation program of the floating helical VAWT is developed. The aerodynamic load of the wind turbine system is calculated using the unsteady BEM model, and the hydrodynamic load is calculated using the 3D potential theory. The floating foundation is considered as a rigid body, and the blades and tower are considered as flexible bodies. Based on the Kane method of a multi-body system, the dynamic responses of the VAWT could be solved in the time domain. A variable speed control model considering efficiency and load is established to match the rotating speed with the wind speed, and it could maintain the target output power under the influence of turbulent wind and large-scale movement of the floating foundation. The control strategy of limiting the target speed change rate and low-pass filtering is adopted to ensure the rapid regulation of the wind turbine under low wind speed conditions and stable regulation under high wind speed conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Offshore Floating Wind Farms)
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19 pages, 9525 KiB  
Article
Numerical Investigations of Wake Expansion in the Offshore Wind Farm Using a Large Eddy Simulation
by Mingqiu Liu, Zhichang Liang and Haixiao Liu
Energies 2022, 15(6), 2022; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062022 - 10 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1550
Abstract
Due to abundant wind resources and land saving, offshore wind farms have been vigorously developed worldwide. The wake of wind turbines is an important topic of offshore wind farms, in which the wake expansion is a key issue for the wake model and [...] Read more.
Due to abundant wind resources and land saving, offshore wind farms have been vigorously developed worldwide. The wake of wind turbines is an important topic of offshore wind farms, in which the wake expansion is a key issue for the wake model and the layout optimization of a wind farm. The large eddy simulation (LES) is utilized to investigate various offshore wind farms under different operating conditions. The numerical results indicate that it is more accurate to calculate the wake growth rate using the streamwise turbulence intensity or the total turbulence intensity in the environment. By fitting the results of the LES, two formulae are proposed to calculate the wake growth rate of the upstream wind turbine. The wake expansion of the downstream wind turbine is analyzed, and the method of calculating the wake growth rate is introduced. The simulation indicates that the wake expansion of the further downstream wind turbines is significantly reduced. The smaller lateral distance of wind turbines in the offshore wind farm has the less wake expansion of the wind turbines. The wake expansion under different inflow wind speeds is also analyzed, while the wake expansion of wind turbines under more complex conditions needs to be further studied. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Offshore Floating Wind Farms)
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15 pages, 4458 KiB  
Article
Layout Optimization of a Modular Floating Wind Farm Based on the Full-Field Wake Model
by Zhichang Liang and Haixiao Liu
Energies 2022, 15(3), 809; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030809 - 23 Jan 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2409
Abstract
By optimizing the positions of wind turbines in a wind farm, the power loss caused by wake effects can be reduced maximally. A new methodology of layout optimization is proposed utilizing a full-field wake model that integrates the near-field and far-field wake models [...] Read more.
By optimizing the positions of wind turbines in a wind farm, the power loss caused by wake effects can be reduced maximally. A new methodology of layout optimization is proposed utilizing a full-field wake model that integrates the near-field and far-field wake models after modifications, and a random search (RS) algorithm improved with a scale factor for acceleration in high-density layouts. The methodology is applied to a floating wind farm composed of modular platforms, which have a novel configuration and the ability to face toward the wind direction. The applicability and efficiency of the methodology and the improved RS algorithm are validated. The power production of optimized layouts shows a flat crest with an increased number of wind turbines. There is a layout with maximal output power in the wind farm. The real optimal layout should be determined in consideration of both output power and cost. Two sizes of platforms with different number of modules are compared in the application. The wind farm with smaller platforms produces more power. For comparison, a pattern search (PS) algorithm is also implemented in the application. The improved RS algorithm shows outperformance compared with the original RS and the PS algorithm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Offshore Floating Wind Farms)
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