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Energies
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Digital Engineering for Future Smart Cities
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Digital Engineering for Future Smart Cities

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2025) | Viewed by 812

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Michael Short

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Computing, Engineering, and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough TS1 3BX, UK
Interests: control and protection; optimization; embedded systems; real-time systems; industry 4.0; industrial digitization and smart factories; smart grids; smart energy systems; advanced robotics/process control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sean Williams

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Computing, Engineering and Digital Technologies, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, Tees Valley TS1 3BX, UK
Interests: control theory; MATLAB simulation; advanced control theory; system modeling; embedded systems; control systems engine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The design and operation of cities is under increasing pressure due to changes in population, climate, and congestion. In this Special Issue, the core theme will be digital engineering and how it can provide a platform for smarter, cleaner, and more sustainable cities. Specific themes of interest include (but are not limited to): Technologies for Smart Cities (IoT, Web 3.0, AI, and Machine Learning, Robotics/Domotics); Decarbonisation of Industry and Transportation; Smart Buildings, Smart Infrastructure, and Smart Energy; eMobility and Smart Logistics. Submissions are invited from researchers and practitioners working in related areas, with the aim of promoting a venue for cutting-edge fundamental and applied research related to digital engineering for future smart cities.

Prof. Dr. Michael Short
Dr. Sean Williams
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • smart buildings
  • smart cities
  • smart energy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 6897 KiB  
Article
Low-Power Energy-Efficient Hetero-Dielectric Gate-All-Around MOSFETs: Enablers for Sustainable Smart City Technology
by Ram Devi, Gurpurneet Kaur, Ameeta Seehra, Munish Rattan, Geetika Aggarwal and Michael Short
Energies 2025, 18(6), 1422; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061422 - 13 Mar 2025
Viewed by 64
Abstract
In the context of increasing digitalization and the emergence of applications such as smart cities, embedded devices are becoming ever more pervasive, mobile, and ubiquitous. Due to increasing concerns around energy efficiency, gate density, and scalability in the semiconductor industry, there has been [...] Read more.
In the context of increasing digitalization and the emergence of applications such as smart cities, embedded devices are becoming ever more pervasive, mobile, and ubiquitous. Due to increasing concerns around energy efficiency, gate density, and scalability in the semiconductor industry, there has been much interest recently in the fabrication of viable low-power energy-efficient devices. The Hetero-Dielectric Gate-All-Around (HD-GAA) MOSFET represents a cutting-edge transistor architecture designed for superior sustainability and energy efficiency, improving the overall efficiency of the system by reducing leakage and enhancing gate control; therefore, as part of the transition to a sustainable future, several semiconductor industries, including Intel, Samsung, Texas Instruments, and IBM, are using this technology. In this study, Hetero-Dielectric Single-Metal Gate-All-Around MOSFET (HD-SM-GAA MOSFET) devices and circuits were designed using Schottky source/drain contacts and tunable high-k dielectric HfxTi1−xO2 in the TCAD simulator using the following specifications: N-Channel HD-SM-GAA MOSFET (‘Device-I’) with a 5 nm radius and a 21 nm channel length alongside two P-Channel HD-SM-GAA MOSFETs (‘Device-II’ and ‘Device-III’) with radii of 5 nm and 8 nm, respectively, maintaining the same channel length. Thereafter, the inverters were implemented using these devices in the COGENDA TCAD simulator. The results demonstrated significant reductions in short-channel effects: subthreshold swing (SS) (‘Device-I’ = 61.5 mV/dec, ‘Device-II’ = 61.8 mV/dec) and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) (‘Device-I’ = 8.2 mV/V, ‘Device-II’ = 8.0 mV/V) in comparison to the existing literature. Furthermore, the optimized inverters demonstrated significant improvements in noise margin values such as Noise Margin High (NMH) and Noise Margin Low (NML), with Inverter-1 showing 38% and 44% enhancements and Inverter-2 showing 40% and 37% enhancements, respectively, compared to the existing literature. The results achieved illustrate the potential of using this technology (e.g., for power inverters) in embedded power control applications where energy efficiency and scalability are important, such as sustainable smart cities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Engineering for Future Smart Cities)
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