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Zero Carbon Emissions, Green Environment and Sustainable Energy

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2024 | Viewed by 4364

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: clean use of fossil energy; efficient use of renewable energy; control of air pollution; and recycling of solid waste
College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
Interests: mercury removal; MOFs; biomass; biochar; decarburization; air pollutant emissions characteristics; zero carbon emissions; green environment and sustainable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Economics and Management, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
Interests: synergistic emission reduction; environmental system modelling and optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate change and air pollution are two major challenges in the field of the environment. Greenhouse gas and air pollutants emitted in the process of social development have caused unpredictable impacts on the atmospheric environment and climate conditions and have become a significant topic of concern around the world. The rapid development of the industrialization process has forced the world to confront the double pressure of greenhouse gas and air pollution emissions. However, coal-based energy consumption and the production structure of industry have led to a large amount of CO2 and air pollutant emissions in the production process, which have a huge impact on the ecological environment. Therefore, it is critical to explore the green development path with low carbon and low pollution in industry worldwide in the future under the existing emission constraints. Taking full consideration of international environmental conditions and climate targets, it is pivotal for the world to realize sustainable development by proposing specific emission reduction measures and corresponding implementation paths and guarantee conditions in industry, to effectively solve the current situation of increasing shortage of fossil energy.

CO2 and air pollutants are homologous, and their anthropogenic emissions all come from the combustion of fossil fuels. Therefore, the ways to control CO2 and air pollutants are essentially consistent. Considering the emission reduction in CO2 and air pollutants as a whole problem, and combining it with energy endowment, economic development, environmental change, policy guidance, and other external factors, the optimal combination of emission reduction measures is explored from the perspective of synergistic emission reduction, which can more effectively solve the control problem of CO2 and air pollutants and reduce the mitigation cost dramatically. Therefore, for a rapidly developing world, it is possible to coordinate and unify the emission reduction targets of CO2 and air pollutants in the industry. Through the effective combination of emission reduction measures, the emission reduction effect can be maximized with the least cost, so as to achieve the development goal of improving the ecological environment and reducing air pollution. This kind of prevention and control measure, integrated with synergistic emission reduction, is not only an urgent requirement for the development of industry but also shows the inevitable direction for the optimization and adjustment of the global industry system.

Topics of interest of the Special Issue include but are not limited to:

  • Decarbonization through CO2 capture, utilization, and sequestration;
  • Development of technologies intended for applications to remove air pollutants (such as heavy metals, SO2, NOX);
  • Efficient energy conversion, storage, and utilization;
  • Abatement and recycling of solid/hazardous wastes;
  • Synergistic emission reduction between CO2 and air pollutants.

Dr. Jianping Yang
Dr. Li Jia
Dr. Yue Yu
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 9878 KiB  
Article
Integrated Energy Systems Modeling with Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis and Stakeholder Engagement for Identifying a Sustainable Energy Transition
by Brynhildur Davidsdottir, Eyjólfur Ingi Ásgeirsson, Reza Fazeli, Ingunn Gunnarsdottir, Jonathan Leaver, Ehsan Shafiei and Hlynur Stefánsson
Energies 2024, 17(17), 4266; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174266 - 26 Aug 2024
Viewed by 769
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a decision support system (DSS) to capture the complexity of the transition of a national energy system to net zero in the context of multiple sustainability themes. The paper proposes an integrated assessment framework that [...] Read more.
The aim of this paper is to present a decision support system (DSS) to capture the complexity of the transition of a national energy system to net zero in the context of multiple sustainability themes. The paper proposes an integrated assessment framework that combines dynamic systems modeling, sustainability indicators, and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) with direct stakeholder involvement. To illustrate the use of the DSS, the paper compares bundles of climate change policies that aim to decarbonize the road transport sector in Iceland. Eighteen scenarios and alternative development trajectories are defined for the Icelandic energy system based on a combination of three main driving forces. These are, firstly, economic development (three cases); secondly, changes in energy efficiency (two cases); and finally, three climate policy bundles aimed at increasing the share of electric vehicles. Based on the results from the integrated assessment framework, the performance scores of the climate policy bundles are compared across the following five sustainability themes: social impact; economic development; environmental impact; energy security; and technical aspects. The findings confirm that a different conclusion may be reached when multiple sustainability themes are applied in the selection of preferred policy bundles as compared to conventional techno-economic criteria. Banning the registration of fossil-fueled vehicles, combined with economic instruments, offers the best decarbonizing strategy to reach climate and energy policy goals simultaneously. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zero Carbon Emissions, Green Environment and Sustainable Energy)
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20 pages, 4151 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Low-Carbon Flexibility in Self-Organized Virtual Power Plants Using Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
by Gengsheng He, Yu Huang, Guori Huang, Xi Liu, Pei Li and Yan Zhang
Energies 2024, 17(15), 3688; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153688 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 488
Abstract
Virtual power plants (VPPs) aggregate a large number of distributed energy resources (DERs) through IoT technology to provide flexibility to the grid. It is an effective means to promote the utilization of renewable energy, and enable carbon neutrality for future power systems. This [...] Read more.
Virtual power plants (VPPs) aggregate a large number of distributed energy resources (DERs) through IoT technology to provide flexibility to the grid. It is an effective means to promote the utilization of renewable energy, and enable carbon neutrality for future power systems. This paper addresses the evaluation issue of DERs‘ low-carbon benefits, proposes a flexibility assessment model for self-organized VPP to quantify the low-carbon value of DERs’ response behavior in different time periods. Firstly, we introduce the definition of zero-carbon index based on the curve simultaneous rate of renewable energy and load demand. Then, we establish a multi-level self-organized aggregation method for virtual power plants, define the basic rules of DER, and characterize its self-organized aggregation as a Markov game process. Moreover, we use QMIX to achieve a bottom-up, hierarchical construction of VPP from simple to complex. Experimental results show that when users track the zero-carbon curve, they can achieve zero carbon emissions without reducing the overall load, significantly enhancing the grid’s regulation capabilities and the consumption of renewable energy. Additionally, self-organized algorithms can optimize the combinations of DERs to improve the coordination efficiency of VPPs in complex environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zero Carbon Emissions, Green Environment and Sustainable Energy)
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15 pages, 8792 KiB  
Article
Wind Farms’ Location and Geographical Proximity as a Key Factor in Sustainable City Development: Evidence from Poland
by Patrycjusz Zarębski, Dominik Katarzyński, Hanna Godlewska-Majkowska, Agnieszka Komor and Adam Gawryluk
Energies 2024, 17(14), 3447; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17143447 - 13 Jul 2024
Viewed by 606
Abstract
In this study, the potential impact of wind farm locations on the sustainable development of cities in Poland was evaluated, considering the availability of wind-generated electricity. We analyzed 37 cities in Poland with populations over 100,000. Research indicates that wind farms located 30–80 [...] Read more.
In this study, the potential impact of wind farm locations on the sustainable development of cities in Poland was evaluated, considering the availability of wind-generated electricity. We analyzed 37 cities in Poland with populations over 100,000. Research indicates that wind farms located 30–80 km from large cities perform best in terms of generating capacity, while greater distances increase transmission costs and energy losses. In Poland, wind farms are primarily situated in the northwestern regions, posing challenges for energy transmission to the southern cities, which are the main centers of energy consumption. The findings show that wind farms with the highest generating capacity are generally about 50 km from major cities. Key factors influencing wind farm locations include technical criteria, economic feasibility, environmental impact, public opinion, and the availability of transmission networks. Sustainable development of wind farms requires strategic cooperation between urban and rural municipalities, joint spatial planning, coordinated land acquisition, and the exchange of know-how. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zero Carbon Emissions, Green Environment and Sustainable Energy)
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21 pages, 10910 KiB  
Article
Experimental and DFT Studies of Influence of Flue Gas Components on the Interaction between CaO and As during Sludge Combustion
by Yilin Shi, Huan Zhang, Jingxiang Yu, Youxiang Feng and Yan Jin
Energies 2024, 17(11), 2522; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17112522 - 23 May 2024
Viewed by 598
Abstract
The problem of As pollution emission from sludge during combustion has received widespread attention. The impact of flue gas components on the interaction with CaO and As during sludge combustion was analyzed using a series of experimental characterization methods. The strength of the [...] Read more.
The problem of As pollution emission from sludge during combustion has received widespread attention. The impact of flue gas components on the interaction with CaO and As during sludge combustion was analyzed using a series of experimental characterization methods. The strength of the activity of As2O3 on the CaO(001) surface as well as on the CO2/SO2/H2O+CaO(001) surface with different O adsorption sites was revealed by combining with Density Functional Theory (DFT). According to the results, CO2 in the flue gas reacted with CaO in a reversible carbonation reaction, which optimized the pore structure of the solid phase products and promoted the capture of As by CaO. SO2 in the flue gas reacted with CaO in a sulfation reaction reaction to block the pores, which was not conducive to the capture of As by CaO. The presence of moisture led to poor pore structure collapse of the solid phase products as well as the formation of gehlenite, which reduced the enrichment of As by CaO. DFT calculations showed that the adsorption of As2O3 molecules on the CO2+CaO(001) surface was affected by the position of the O active site, and the adsorption energy at the OC1 top site was higher than that on the clean surface, which was favorable for the stable adsorption of As2O3 molecules. The existence of SO2 decreased As2O3 molecules’ adsorption energy on the CaO(001) surface, which was unfavorable for the adsorption of As2O3 molecules. There were two main effects of H2O molecules on the adsorption of As2O3 on the CaO(001) surface. One was the H2O molecules weakened the interaction between the As atoms and Osurf atoms, which was unfavorable to the adsorption of As2O3 molecules; the other was the existence of stronger adsorption of O atoms in H2O molecules on As atoms in As2O3 molecules, which made As2O3 molecules adsorbed at the top of OH0 adsorbed with adsorption energies much larger than that of clean surface, and the adsorption was more stable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zero Carbon Emissions, Green Environment and Sustainable Energy)
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18 pages, 289 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Resource Endowment on Provincial Green Development: An Empirical Analysis from China
by Shaobo Liang, Yan Song, Xichen Li, Jizu Li and Lin Liu
Energies 2023, 16(12), 4661; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16124661 - 12 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1237
Abstract
Indepth research on the impact of energy endowment on provincial green development provides a new perspective for achieving high-quality provincial economic development. Based on 30 provinces’ panel data in China from 2009 to 2020, this study first constructs an index system to analyze [...] Read more.
Indepth research on the impact of energy endowment on provincial green development provides a new perspective for achieving high-quality provincial economic development. Based on 30 provinces’ panel data in China from 2009 to 2020, this study first constructs an index system to analyze energy endowment and provincial green development; then it explores the mechanism by which energy endowment affects provincial green development, including the moderating role of environmental regulation and the mediating role of energy efficiency. The results show that energy endowment can significantly curb provincial green development when environmental regulations are not taken into account. Moreover, environmental regulation has moderated the process of energy endowment affecting provincial green development. Energy efficiency has mediated the process of energy endowment affecting provincial green development. From a geographical viewpoint, the moderating effect of environmental regulation has regional heterogeneity but the mediating effect of energy efficiency does not. The conclusions of this research may supply applicable recommendations for provincial green development in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zero Carbon Emissions, Green Environment and Sustainable Energy)
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