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Selected Papers from 1st International Electronic Conference on Entropy and its Applications

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2015) | Viewed by 34864

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

2255 KiB  
Article
Towards the Development of a Universal Expression for the Configurational Entropy of Mixing
by Jorge Garcés
Entropy 2016, 18(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/e18010005 - 31 Dec 2015
Viewed by 4870
Abstract
This work discusses the development of analytical expressions for the configurational entropy of different states of matter using a method based on the identification of the energy-independent complexes (clustering of atoms) in the system and the calculation of their corresponding probabilities. The example [...] Read more.
This work discusses the development of analytical expressions for the configurational entropy of different states of matter using a method based on the identification of the energy-independent complexes (clustering of atoms) in the system and the calculation of their corresponding probabilities. The example of short-range order (SRO) in Nb-H interstitial solid solution is used to illustrate the choice of the atomic complexes and their structural changes with H concentration, providing an alternative methodology to describe critical properties. The calculated critical composition of the miscibility gap is xc = 0.307, in remarkable agreement with the experimental value of xc ~ 0.31. The same methodology is applied to deduce the equation of state (EOS) of a hard sphere system. The EOS is suitable to describe the percolation thresholds and fulfills both the low and random close packing limits. The model, based on the partition of the space into Voronoi cells, can be applied to any off-lattice system, thus introducing the possibility of computing the configurational entropy of gases, liquids and glasses with the same level of accuracy. Full article
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1328 KiB  
Article
Using Generalized Entropies and OC-SVM with Mahalanobis Kernel for Detection and Classification of Anomalies in Network Traffic
by Jayro Santiago-Paz, Deni Torres-Roman, Angel Figueroa-Ypiña and Jesus Argaez-Xool
Entropy 2015, 17(9), 6239-6257; https://doi.org/10.3390/e17096239 - 8 Sep 2015
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 7583
Abstract
Network anomaly detection and classification is an important open issue in network security. Several approaches and systems based on different mathematical tools have been studied and developed, among them, the Anomaly-Network Intrusion Detection System (A-NIDS), which monitors network traffic and compares it against [...] Read more.
Network anomaly detection and classification is an important open issue in network security. Several approaches and systems based on different mathematical tools have been studied and developed, among them, the Anomaly-Network Intrusion Detection System (A-NIDS), which monitors network traffic and compares it against an established baseline of a “normal” traffic profile. Then, it is necessary to characterize the “normal” Internet traffic. This paper presents an approach for anomaly detection and classification based on Shannon, Rényi and Tsallis entropies of selected features, and the construction of regions from entropy data employing the Mahalanobis distance (MD), and One Class Support Vector Machine (OC-SVM) with different kernels (Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Mahalanobis Kernel (MK)) for “normal” and abnormal traffic. Regular and non-regular regions built from “normal” traffic profiles allow anomaly detection, while the classification is performed under the assumption that regions corresponding to the attack classes have been previously characterized. Although this approach allows the use of as many features as required, only four well-known significant features were selected in our case. In order to evaluate our approach, two different data sets were used: one set of real traffic obtained from an Academic Local Area Network (LAN), and the other a subset of the 1998 MIT-DARPA set. For these data sets, a True positive rate up to 99.35%, a True negative rate up to 99.83% and a False negative rate at about 0.16% were yielded. Experimental results show that certain q-values of the generalized entropies and the use of OC-SVM with RBF kernel improve the detection rate in the detection stage, while the novel inclusion of MK kernel in OC-SVM and k-temporal nearest neighbors improve accuracy in classification. In addition, the results show that using the Box-Cox transformation, the Mahalanobis distance yielded high detection rates with an efficient computation time, while OC-SVM achieved detection rates slightly higher, but is more computationally expensive. Full article
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830 KiB  
Article
Kinetic Theory Modeling and Efficient Numerical Simulation of Gene Regulatory Networks Based on Qualitative Descriptions
by Francisco Chinesta, Morgan Magnin, Olivier Roux, Amine Ammar and Elias Cueto
Entropy 2015, 17(4), 1896-1915; https://doi.org/10.3390/e17041896 - 1 Apr 2015
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5816
Abstract
In this work, we begin by considering the qualitative modeling of biological regulatory systems using process hitting, from which we define its probabilistic counterpart by considering the chemical master equation within a kinetic theory framework. The last equation is efficiently solved by considering [...] Read more.
In this work, we begin by considering the qualitative modeling of biological regulatory systems using process hitting, from which we define its probabilistic counterpart by considering the chemical master equation within a kinetic theory framework. The last equation is efficiently solved by considering a separated representation within the proper generalized decomposition framework that allows circumventing the so-called curse of dimensionality. Finally, model parameters can be added as extra-coordinates in order to obtain a parametric solution of the model. Full article
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755 KiB  
Article
Metriplectic Algebra for Dissipative Fluids in Lagrangian Formulation
by Massimo Materassi
Entropy 2015, 17(3), 1329-1346; https://doi.org/10.3390/e17031329 - 16 Mar 2015
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5057
Abstract
The dynamics of dissipative fluids in Eulerian variables may be derived from an algebra of Leibniz brackets of observables, the metriplectic algebra, that extends the Poisson algebra of the frictionless limit of the system via a symmetric semidefinite component, encoding dissipative forces. [...] Read more.
The dynamics of dissipative fluids in Eulerian variables may be derived from an algebra of Leibniz brackets of observables, the metriplectic algebra, that extends the Poisson algebra of the frictionless limit of the system via a symmetric semidefinite component, encoding dissipative forces. The metriplectic algebra includes the conserved total Hamiltonian H, generating the non-dissipative part of dynamics, and the entropy S of those microscopic degrees of freedom draining energy irreversibly, which generates dissipation. This S is a Casimir invariant of the Poisson algebra to which the metriplectic algebra reduces in the frictionless limit. The role of S is as paramount as that of H, but this fact may be underestimated in the Eulerian formulation because S is not the only Casimir of the symplectic non-canonical part of the algebra. Instead, when the dynamics of the non-ideal fluid is written through the parcel variables of the Lagrangian formulation, the fact that entropy is symplectically invariant clearly appears to be related to its dependence on the microscopic degrees of freedom of the fluid, that are themselves in involution with the position and momentum of the parcel. Full article
1469 KiB  
Article
Thermodynamic Analysis about Nucleation and Growth of Cubic Boron Nitride Crystals in the hBN-Li3N System under High Pressure and High Temperature
by Xiao-Fei Guo, Bin Xu, Wen Zhang, Mei-Zhe Lv, Hong-Mei Yang and Xiao-Hong Fan
Entropy 2015, 17(2), 755-762; https://doi.org/10.3390/e17020755 - 9 Feb 2015
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 5867
Abstract
The nucleation of cubic boron nitride (cBN) single crystals synthesized with lithium nitride (Li3N) as a catalyst under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) was analyzed. Many nanometer-sized cubic boron nitride nuclei formed in the near surface layer, as detected by [...] Read more.
The nucleation of cubic boron nitride (cBN) single crystals synthesized with lithium nitride (Li3N) as a catalyst under high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) was analyzed. Many nanometer-sized cubic boron nitride nuclei formed in the near surface layer, as detected by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Based on the experiment results, the transformation kinetics is described by a nucleation and growth process in the thermodynamic stability region of cBN. A theoretical description is developed based on the heterogeneous nucleation and layer growth mechanism, and the relevant parameters are estimated and discussed. The critical crystal radius, r*, increases with the temperature under constant pressure; the change with temperature more pronounced at lower pressure (such as 4.5 GPa). The crystal growth velocity increased with the temperature, and it is parabolic with temperature under certain pressure. These results are consistent with experimental data. Full article
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737 KiB  
Article
Reshaping the Science of Reliability with the Entropy Function
by Paolo Rocchi and Giulia Capacci
Entropy 2015, 17(2), 502-508; https://doi.org/10.3390/e17020502 - 26 Jan 2015
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5065
Abstract
The present paper revolves around two argument points. As first, we have observed a certain parallel between the reliability of systems and the progressive disorder of thermodynamical systems; and we import the notion of reversibility/irreversibility into the reliability domain. As second, we note [...] Read more.
The present paper revolves around two argument points. As first, we have observed a certain parallel between the reliability of systems and the progressive disorder of thermodynamical systems; and we import the notion of reversibility/irreversibility into the reliability domain. As second, we note that the reliability theory is a very active area of research which although has not yet become a mature discipline. This is due to the majority of researchers who adopt the inductive logic instead of the deductive logic typical of mature scientific sectors. The deductive approach was inaugurated by Gnedenko in the reliability domain. We mean to continue Gnedenko’s work and we use the Boltzmann-like entropy to pursue this objective. This paper condenses the papers published in the past decade which illustrate the calculus of the Boltzmann-like entropy. It is demonstrated how the every result complies with the deductive logic and are consistent with Gnedenko’s achievements. Full article
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