Fire in Savanna Landscapes, Volume II

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255). This special issue belongs to the section "Fire Research at the Science–Policy–Practitioner Interface".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 4828

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Geography, Faculty of Sciences, University of Angers, ESO UMR 6590 CNRS, 2 Boulevard de Lavoisier, 49045 Angers, France
Interests: savanna; burned landscapes; fire history; land cover/land use change; Anthropocene; West Africa; Madagascar
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

More than two years ago, we issued a call for a Special Issue on fires in savanna landscapes. Nine contributions responded to this call, covering different regions of the world (tropical Africa, South America, Australia, and the Pacific area), and different approaches to the topic (land use, monitoring and modelling, biotic interactions, gas emissions, etc.). The contribution of researchers from the Global South to the published papers should also be noted. Having allowed sufficient time to renew research on this subject, we are today proposing a second call which is based on the same underpinnings.

Fire plays a significant role in both the functioning of savanna ecosystems (natural ecological processes, nutrient cycling, the regulation of plant diversity, etc.) and in the economic, social, and cultural features of human savanna societies, whether traditional or modern. As we highlighted in the previous call, fire is an omnipresent phenomenon in savanna environments, and the tropical savanna is the biome where most fire activity occurs worldwide. The contributions to the first Special Issue demonstrated the role of fire in savannas for its impacts on vegetation, soils, and fauna at the scale of the ecosystem and that of the landscape. We expect here to continue documenting concrete regional examples with the aim of observing, monitoring, and modeling the dynamics of burned areas and fire regimes in relation to vegetation, bioclimatic conditions, and the diverse practices of local populations to better understand how they function and their evolution in the context of climate and land use change.

We also welcome innovative contributions that renew perspectives on the ecological role of fires as a dynamic factor in savanna ecosystems, then as a generator of landscape heterogeneity, potentially leading to new forms of biodiversity (pyrodiversity). The contribution of the social sciences is particularly anticipated to shed light on the great diversity of perceptions, uses, regulations, and management of fire in different societies across time and space, and particularly to understand indigenous fire management systems through less pejorative representations. Human strategies and livelihoods are, accordingly, significant variables that should be explored.

Studies that address the long-term relationship between fires and savanna landscapes, both through changes in natural (climate and vegetation) and anthropogenic factors would also be highly valued. Finally, fire can be investigated as a crucial issue in the ongoing processes of the Anthropocene.

One of the objectives of this new Special Issue is to explore all of these approaches. While some savanna regions, such as those in Australia or South America, have been the subject of these kinds of studies, similar work elsewhere remains insufficient or deserves to be better disseminated. However, more monographic approaches are still necessary to document burned areas and characterize fire regimes across many savanna landscapes. These types of study are welcome, especially in regions that are poorly documented in proportion to the importance of the role played by fires.

Prof. Dr. Aziz Ballouche
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • savanna landscapes
  • savanna ecosystems
  • bushfires
  • fire ecology
  • fire regimes
  • fire history
  • pyrodiversity
  • human dimensions of fire and burning
  • wildfire management
  • land cover
  • land use change
  • climate change
  • Anthropocene

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 25764 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Landsat- and Sentinel-2-Derived Burn Indices to Map Burn Scars in Chyulu Hills, Kenya
by Mary C. Henry and John K. Maingi
Fire 2024, 7(12), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7120472 - 11 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1028
Abstract
Chyulu Hills, Kenya, serves as one of the region’s water towers by supplying groundwater to surrounding streams and springs in southern Kenya. In a semiarid region, this water is crucial to the survival of local people, farms, and wildlife. The Chyulu Hills is [...] Read more.
Chyulu Hills, Kenya, serves as one of the region’s water towers by supplying groundwater to surrounding streams and springs in southern Kenya. In a semiarid region, this water is crucial to the survival of local people, farms, and wildlife. The Chyulu Hills is also very prone to fires, and large areas of the range burn each year during the dry season. Currently, there are no detailed fire records or burn scar maps to track the burn history. Mapping burn scars using remote sensing is a cost-effective approach to monitor fire activity over time. However, it is not clear whether spectral burn indices developed elsewhere can be directly applied here when Chyulu Hills contains mostly grassland and bushland vegetation. Additionally, burn scars are usually no longer detectable after an intervening rainy season. In this study, we calculated the Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and two versions of the Relative Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) using Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) data to determine which index, threshold values, instrument, and Sentinel near-infrared (NIR) band work best to map burn scars in Chyulu Hills, Kenya. The results indicate that the Relative Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio from Landsat OLI had the highest accuracy for mapping burn scars while also minimizing false positives (commission error). While mapping burn scars, it became clear that adjusting the threshold value for an index resulted in tradeoffs between false positives and false negatives. While none were perfect, this is an important consideration going forward. Given the length of the Landsat archive, there is potential to expand this work to additional years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire in Savanna Landscapes, Volume II)
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15 pages, 2639 KiB  
Article
Effects of Prescribed Burns on Soil Respiration in Semi-Arid Grasslands
by Juan Carlos De la Cruz Domínguez, Teresa Alfaro Reyna, Carlos Alberto Aguirre Gutierrez, Víctor Manuel Rodríguez Moreno and Josué Delgado Balbuena
Fire 2024, 7(12), 450; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7120450 - 30 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1047
Abstract
Carbon fluxes are valuable indicators of soil and ecosystem health, particularly in the context of climate change, where reducing carbon emissions from anthropogenic activities, such as forest fires, is a global priority. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prescribed burns on [...] Read more.
Carbon fluxes are valuable indicators of soil and ecosystem health, particularly in the context of climate change, where reducing carbon emissions from anthropogenic activities, such as forest fires, is a global priority. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prescribed burns on soil respiration in semi-arid grasslands. Two treatments were applied: a prescribed burn on a 12.29 ha paddock of an introduced grass (Eragostis curvula) with 11.6 t ha−1 of available fuel, and a simulation of three fire intensities, over 28 circular plots (80 cm in diameter) of natural grasslands (Bouteloua gracilis). Fire intensities were simulated by burning with butane gas inside an iron barrel, which represented three amounts of fuel biomass and an unburned treatment. Soil respiration was measured with a soil respiration chamber over two months, with readings collected in the morning and afternoon. Moreover, CO2 emissions by combustion and productivity after fire treatment were quantified. The prescribed burns significantly reduced soil respiration: all fire intensities resulted in a decrease in soil respiration when compared with the unburned area. Changes in albedo increased the soil temperature; however, there was no relationship between changes in temperature and soil respiration; in contrast, precipitation highly stimulated it. These findings suggest that fire, under certain conditions, may not lead to more CO2 being emitted into the atmosphere by stimulating soil respiration, whereas aboveground biomass was reduced by 60%. However, considering the effects of fire in the long-term on changes in nutrient deposition, aboveground and belowground biomass, and soil properties is crucial to effectively quantify its impact on the global carbon cycle. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire in Savanna Landscapes, Volume II)
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10 pages, 3815 KiB  
Communication
Assessing Fire Regimes in the Paraguayan Chaco: Implications for Ecological and Fire Management
by Cristina Vidal-Riveros, William Jefferson Watler Reyes, Marie Ange Ngo Bieng and Pablo Souza-Alonso
Fire 2024, 7(10), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire7100347 - 29 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1764
Abstract
This study analyzed the fire regime in the highly diverse Paraguayan Chaco, focusing on different aspects of fire patterns, including spatial (area burned) and temporal (frequency) aspects and magnitude (severity). We focused on fire as it is a natural phenomenon that drives ecosystem [...] Read more.
This study analyzed the fire regime in the highly diverse Paraguayan Chaco, focusing on different aspects of fire patterns, including spatial (area burned) and temporal (frequency) aspects and magnitude (severity). We focused on fire as it is a natural phenomenon that drives ecosystem change and has significant economic, ecological and social impacts of particular concern in vulnerable ecosystems. Using the K-means clustering technique, we identified four distinct fire regimes in the study region: High (H), Moderately High (MH), Moderately Low (ML) and Low (L). On the one hand, the Dry Chaco predominantly featured Low and Moderately High regimes, characterized by a low fire frequency due to arid conditions. On the other hand, the Humid Chaco was particularly affected by agricultural burning, driven by extensive livestock activity and higher biomass productivity. Finally, in the Pantanal, the variations in fire intensity were influenced by flood pulses and rainfall patterns. Our findings highlight the distinct fire regimes across the Paraguayan Chaco and detail the differences in the regimes. The study’s findings are valuable for developing efficient management strategies that account for fire behaviour during agricultural burning in this poorly studied region. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fire in Savanna Landscapes, Volume II)
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